2011 Volvo S40 Owners Manual

from the Park position.

Towing a vehicle with all four wheels on the ground

5. Keep firm pressure on the brake pedal

while releasing the parking brake.

WARNING

Volvo does not recommend towing a disa- bled vehicle behind another vehicle. Signif- icant difficulty in steering and braking, com- bined with unfavorable weather, traffic, and road conditions may make it impossible to maintain vehicle control.

The towing eyelet (1) is located under the floor of the trunk. Remove the cover over the openings for the towing eyelet on the bumpers by prying open the lower edge with a coin, etc. Screw the towing eyelet in place first by hand and then using the tire iron until it is securely in place.

After the vehicle has been towed, the eyelet should be removed and returned to its storage space.

1. Apply the parking brake.

WARNING

Towing a vehicle with a locked steering wheel will make the vehicle impossible to steer.

2.

Insert the key into the ignition to unlock the steering wheel. The steering wheel must be unlocked. With the engine off and the vehi- cle at a standstill, great effort will be required to turn the steering wheel. 3. Turn the ignition key to position II.

6. When towing has been completed, return

the gear selector to Park and apply the parking brake.

The following points should also be observed: • Never exceed 50 mph (80 km/h). Never exceed local towing speed limits and heed all local towing restrictions.

• Never tow farther than 50 miles (80 km). • Keep the tow rope taut at all times while the

vehicle is in motion.

• The disabled vehicle should be towed in

the forward direction only.

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WARNING

• Never allow a vehicle to be towed with- out a driver behind the wheel of the dis- abled vehicle.

• Never remove the key from the ignition while the vehicle is moving. The steering wheel could lock, making it impossible to steer the vehicle.

• When the engine is not running, steering

resistance and the effort needed to apply the brakes will be great.

• Never attempt to tow a vehicle with a

dead battery at night.

CAUTION

• Check with state and local authorities before attempting this type of towing, as vehicles being towed are subject to regulations regarding maximum towing speed, length and type of towing device, lighting, marker flags, etc.

• Never attempt to push- or tow-start a vehicle with a dead battery. This would inject unburned fuel into the three-way catalytic converter(s), causing over- heating, backfiring, and damage, see page 162 for instructions on jump star- ting the vehicle.

Towing vehicles with front wheel drive Volvo recommends the use of flat bed equip- ment for towing vehicles with front wheel drive. If wheel lift equipment must be used, please use extreme caution to help avoid damage to the vehicle. In this case, the vehicle should be towed with the rear wheels on the ground if at all possible. If it is absolutely necessary to tow the vehicle with the front wheels on the ground, please refer to the towing information on the previous page. • Sling-type equipment applied at the front will damage radiator and air conditioning lines.

• It is equally important not to use sling-type equipment at the rear or apply lifting equip- ment inside the rear wheels; serious dam- age to the rear axle may result.

• If the vehicle is being towed on a flat bed truck, the towing eyelets must not be used to secure the vehicle on the flat bed. Con- sult the tow truck operator.

06 Starting and driving

Towing

WARNING

• Remember that the power brakes and power steering will not function when engine is not running. The braking and steering systems will function but con- siderably higher pressure will be required on the brake pedal and greater steering effort must be exerted.

• The towing eyelets must not be used for pulling the vehicle out of a ditch or for any similar purpose involving severe strain. Do not use the towing eyelets to pull the vehicle up onto a flat bed tow truck.

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06 Starting and driving

Jump starting

Jump starting the vehicle

Follow these instructions to jump start your vehicle's dead battery or to jump start another vehicle's dead battery using your vehicle. If the 12-volt auxiliary battery to be used is in another vehicle, check that the vehicles are not touch- ing to prevent premature completion of a cir- cuit. Be sure to follow jump starting instruc- tions provided for the other vehicle. To jump start your vehicle: 1. Switch off the ignition. 2. First connect the auxiliary battery positive (+) terminal (1) to the positive (+) terminal in

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your vehicle's battery (2), marked with a "+" sign.

3. Connect the auxiliary battery's negative (–)

terminal (3) to the ground point in your vehicle's engine compartment near the driver's side spring strut (4).

4. Start the engine in the assisting vehicle, then start the engine in the vehicle with dead battery.

5. After the engine has started, first remove

the negative (–) terminal jumper cable. Then remove the positive (+) terminal jumper cable.

WARNING

PROPOSITION 65 WARNING! Battery posts, terminals, and related acces- sories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.

WARNING

• Do not connect the jumper cable to any part of the fuel system or to any moving parts. Avoid touching hot manifolds.

• Batteries generate hydrogen gas, which

is flammable and explosive.

• Battery fluid contains sulfuric acid. Do not allow battery fluid to contact eyes, skin, fabrics or painted surfaces. If con- tact occurs, flush the affected area immediately with water. Obtain medical help immediately if eyes are affected.

• Never expose the battery to open flame

or electric spark.

• Do not smoke near the battery. • Failure to follow the instructions for jump starting can lead to personal injury.

• Do not touch the jumper cables during

the attempt to start the vehicle. This could cause sparks.

General information • Volvo recommends the use of Volvo trailer hitches that are specially designed for the vehicle.

Maximum trailer weights recommended by Volvo are: • Trailers without brakes: 1,540 lbs

(700 kg).

• Trailers with brakes: 2,000 lbs (900 kg)

Observe the legal requirements of the state/province in which the vehicles are registered.

• The maximum recommended hitch

tongue load is 165 lbs (75 kg).

• All Volvo models are equipped with

energy-absorbing shock-mounted bump- ers. Trailer hitch installation should not interfere with the proper operation of this bumper system.

Trailer towing does not normally present any particular problems, but take into considera- tion: • Increase tire pressure to recommended full. See the chapter "Wheels and tires." • When your vehicle is new, avoid towing heavy trailers during the first 620 miles (1,000 km).

• Maximum speed when towing a trailer:

50 mph (80 km/h).

• Engine and transmission are subject to

increased loads. Therefore, engine coolant temperature should be closely watched when driving in hot climates or hilly terrain. Use a lower gear and turn off the air con- ditioner if the temperature gauge needle enters the red range.

• If the automatic transmission begins to overheat, a message will be displayed in the information display.

• Avoid overload and other abusive opera-

tion.

• Hauling a trailer affects handling, durabil-

ity, and economy.

• It is necessary to balance trailer brakes

with the towing vehicle brakes to provide a safe stop (check and observe state/local regulations).

• Do not connect the trailer's brake system

directly to the vehicle's brake system. • More frequent vehicle maintenance is

required.

• Remove the ball and drawbar assembly

when the hitch is not being used.

• Volvo recommends the use of synthetic engine oil when towing a trailer over long distances or in mountainous areas.

06 Starting and driving

Towing a trailer

WARNING

• Bumper-attached trailer hitches must

not be used on Volvos, nor should safety chains be attached to the bumper.

• Trailer hitches attaching to the vehicle's

rear axle must not be used.

• Never connect a trailer's hydraulic brake system directly to the vehicle brake system, nor a trailer's lighting system directly to the vehicle lighting system. Consult your nearest trained and qualified Volvo service technician for correct installation.

• When towing a trailer, the trailer's safety wire must be correctly fastened to the hole or hook provided in the trailer hitch on the vehicle. The safety wire should never be fastened to or wound around the drawbar ball.

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06 Starting and driving

Towing a trailer

NOTE

• When parking the vehicle with a trailer on a hill, apply the parking brake before putting the gear selector in Park (P). Always follow the trailer manufacturer's recommendations for wheel chocking. • If you use the manual (Geartronic) shift positions while towing a trailer, or if the vehicle is equipped with a manual trans- mission, make sure the gear you select does not put too much strain on the engine (using too high a gear).

• The drawbar assembly/trailer hitch may

be rated for trailers heavier than the vehicle is designed to tow. Please adhere to Volvo's recommended trailer weights.

• Avoid driving with a trailer on inclines

exceeding 15%.

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Installing the ball holder

Ball holder

Cotter pin

Hitch assembly

Safety wire attachment

4. Slide the locking bolt through the hitch

5.

assembly/ball holder. Insert the cotter pin in the hole at the end of the locking bolt.

Removing the ball holder 1. Remove the cotter pin from the locking bolt

and slide the locking bolt out of the ball holder/hitch assembly.

2. Pull the ball holder out of the hitch assem-

bly.

NOTE

A cover for the hitch assembly is also included in the kit.

1.

Locking bolt If necessary, remove the cotter pin from the locking bolt and slide the locking bolt out of the hitch assembly.

2. Slide the ball holder into the hitch assem-

bly.

3. Align the hole in the ball holder with the one

in the hitch assembly.

06 Starting and driving

Detachable trailer hitch

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06 Starting and driving

Transporting loads

Loading the vehicle Your vehicle's load-carrying capacity is affec- ted by factors such as: • the number of passengers • tire inflation • the amount of optional or accessory equip-

ment installed

• the amount of cargo. See the chapter "Wheels and tires" for more detailed information. Before loading the car, turn off the engine, and apply the parking brake when loading or unloading long objects. The gear selector can be inadvertently knocked out of position by long cargo, causing the car to move.

Keep the following in mind when loading the vehicle: • Load objects in the trunk against the rear

seat backrest.

• Load heavy cargo as low as possible. • Center wide loads. • Secure all cargo with restraining straps anchored to the load securing eyelets.

• Cover sharp edges on the load. • Seats can be folded down and head

restraints removed to extend the cargo compartment, see page 115.

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• Never exceed the rack manufacturer's

weigh limits and never exceed the maxi- mum rated roof load of 165 lbs (75 kg).

• Avoid single-point loads. Distribute loads

evenly.

• Place heavier cargo at the bottom of the

load.

• Secure the cargo correctly with appropri-

ate tie-down equipment.

• Check periodically that the load carriers

and load are properly secured.

• Remember that the car's center of gravity

and handling change when you carry a load on the roof.

• The car's wind resistance and fuel con-

sumption will increase with the size of the load.

• Drive smoothly. Avoid rapid starts, fast

cornering and hard braking.

WARNING

• Remember that an object weighing 44 lbs (20 kg) produces a force of 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) in a head-on colli- sion at 30 mph (50 km/h)!

• When the rear backrest(s) are folded

down, the vehicle should not be loaded to a level higher than 2 in. (5 cm) below the upper edge of the rear side win- dows. Objects placed higher than this level could impede the function of the Inflatable Curtain.

Load carriers (accessory) Load carriers are available as Volvo accesso- ries. Follow the installation instructions sup- plied with the load carriers. Observe the following points when using load carriers: • To avoid damaging your car and to achieve maximum safety when driving, we recom- mend using the load carriers that Volvo has developed especially for your car.

• Volvo-approved removable roof racks are designed to carry the maximum allowable roof load for this vehicle: 165 lbs (75 kg). For Non-Volvo roof racks, check the man- ufacturer's weight limits for the rack.

06 Starting and driving

Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*

Introduction

BLIS camera

Indicator light

BLIS symbol

The Blind Spot Information System (BLIS) is an information system that indicates the presence of another vehicle moving in the same direction as your vehicle in the side-view mirror's "blind area".

CAUTION

The BLIS system should only be repaired by a trained and qualified Volvo service tech- nician.

WARNING

• BLIS is an information system, NOT a

warning or safety system.

• BLIS does not eliminate the need for you to visually confirm the conditions around you, and the need for you to turn your head and shoulders to make sure that you can safely change lanes.

• As the driver, you have full responsibility

for changing lanes in a safe manner.

The system is based on digital camera tech- nology. The cameras (1) are located beneath the side-view mirrors. When one (or both) of the cameras have detected a vehicle in the blind area (up to approximately 10 ft. (3 meters) from the side of your vehicle, and up to approximately 31 ft. (9.5 meters) behind the side-view mirror), the indicator light in the door panel (2) illuminates. The light will glow continuously to alert the driver of the vehicle in the blind area.

NOTE

The door panel indicator light illuminates on the side of the vehicle where the system has detected another vehicle. If your vehicle is passed on both sides at the same time, both lights will illuminate.

A = approx. 10 ft. (3 meters), B = approx. 31 ft. (9.5 meters) BLIS has an integrated function that alerts the driver if a fault should occur with the system. For example, if one or both of the system's cameras are obscured, a message (see the table on page 169) will appear in the informa- tion display in the instrument panel. If this occurs, clean the camera lenses. If necessary, the system can be temporarily switched off (for instructions see page 169).

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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

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06 Starting and driving

Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*

When does BLIS function The system functions when your vehicle is moving at speeds above 6 mph (10 km/h). When you pass another vehicle: The system reacts when you pass another vehicle at a speed of up to 6 mph (10 km/h) faster than that vehicle. When you are passed by another vehicle: The system reacts if your vehicle is passed by another vehicle at a speed of up to 43 mph (70 km/h) faster than your vehicle.

WARNING

• BLIS does not function in sharp curves. • BLIS does not function when your vehi-

cle is backing up.

• If you are towing a wide trailer, this may prevent the BLIS cameras from detect- ing other vehicles in adjacent lanes.

06

How BLIS functions in daylight and darkness Daylight BLIS reacts to the shape of surrounding vehi- cles. The system is designed to help detect motor vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, etc.

Darkness BLIS reacts to the headlights of surrounding vehicles. In order to be detected by BLIS, a vehicle in the blind area must have its head- lights on. This means, for example, that the system will not detect a trailer without head- lights that is being towed behind a car or truck.

WARNING

• BLIS does not react to cyclists or

mopeds.

• BLIS does not react to vehicles that are

standing still.

• The BLIS cameras have the same limi- tation as the human eye. In other words, their "vision is impaired" by adverse weather conditions such as heavy snowfall, intense light directly into the camera, dense fog, etc.

Limitations In certain situations, the BLIS indicator light(s) may illuminate even when there are no other vehicles in the area monitored by the system.

NOTE

If the BLIS indicator lights illuminate occa- sionally even when there are no other vehi- cles in the blind area, this does not indicate a fault in the system. In the event of a fault, Blind spot syst. Service required will be displayed.

The following are several examples of situa- tions in which the BLIS indicator light(s) may illuminate even when there are no other vehi- cles in the area monitored by the system.

Light reflected from a wet road surface

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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

06 Starting and driving

Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*

CAUTION

• Clean the lenses carefully to avoid

scratching.

• The lenses are electrically heated to

help melt ice or snow. If necessary, gen- tly brush away snow from the lenses.

The vehicle's own shadow against a large, light, smooth surface such as barriers between lanes on a highway

Switching BLIS on and off

Sunlight directly in the camera when the sun is low on the horizon

Cleaning the BLIS camera lenses In order to function optimally, the BLIS camera lenses must be kept clean. They can be wiped clean with a soft cloth or wet sponge.

BLIS button (left button in the illustration) BLIS is automatically activated when the igni- tion is switched on. The indicator lights will provide confirmation by flashing 3 times. • The system can be switched off by press- ing the BLIS button in the center console. The indicator light in the button goes out

when the system is switched off, and a text message is displayed.

• BLIS can be switched on again by pressing the button. The indicator light in the button will illuminate and a new text message will be displayed. Press the READ button, see page 63, to erase the message.

BLIS system messages Text in the display

System status

BLIS SERVICE REQUIRED

BLIS not functioning properly. Contact an authorized Volvo serv- ice technician.

BLIS CAMERA BLOCKED

BLIS camera obscured. Clean the lenses.

BLIS ON

BLIS system on

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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

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06 Starting and driving

Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*

Text in the display

BLIS OFF

BLIS REDUCED FUNCTION

System status

BLIS system off

The BLIS cameras' function has been reduced due to weak or impaired data transfer between the BLIS sys- tem's cameras and the vehicle's electrical sys- tem. The cameras will reset themselves when this data transfer has returned to normal.

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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

Function The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. The indicator light in the but- ton in the center console illuminates. Park assist monitors the area behind the vehicle when the engine is running and reverse gear has been selected. The distance monitored behind the vehicle is approximately 5 ft (1.5 m). The signal comes from the rear speakers. The system must be deactivated when towing a trailer, carrying bicycles in a rear-mounted carrier, etc., which could trigger the rear park assist system's sensors.

NOTE

Rear park assist is deactivated automati- cally when towing a trailer if Volvo genuine trailer wiring is used.

Introduction

Rear park assist The park assist system is designed to assist you when driving into parking spaces, garages, etc. It utilizes four ultrasound sensors located in the rear bumper to measure the distance to a vehicle, object or a person who may be close to the rear of your vehicle.

WARNING

Park Assist is an information system, NOT a safety system. This system is designed to be a supplementary aid when parking the vehicle. It is not, however, intended to replace the driver's attention and judge- ment.

06 Starting and driving

Rear park assist*

Activating/deactivating park assist

Park Assist button (right button in the illustration) The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. ± Press the Park assist button on the center console to temporarily deactivate the sys- tem. The indicator light in the button will go out when the system has been deacti- vated.

± Park assist will be automatically reactiva- ted the next time the engine is started, or if the button is pressed (the indicator light in the button will illuminate).

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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

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06 Starting and driving

Rear park assist*

Audible signals from the park assist system The Park Assist system uses an intermittent tone that pulses faster as you come close to an object, and becomes constant when you are within approximately 1 ft (30 cm) of an object behind the vehicle. If the volume of another source from the audio system is high, this will be automatically lowered.

Faults in the system

If the information symbol illumi- nates and PARK ASSIST SERVICE REQUIRED is shown on the information display, this indicates that the system is not

functioning properly and has been disengaged. Consult a Volvo retailer or authorized Volvo service technician.

CAUTION

In certain circumstances, the park assist system may give unexpected warning sig- nals that can be caused by external sound sources that use the same ultrasound fre- quencies as the system. This may include such things as the horns of other vehicles, wet tires on asphalt, pneumatic brakes, motorcycle exhaust pipes, etc. This does not indicate a fault in the system.

06

Cleaning the sensors

Park assist sensors The sensors must be cleaned regularly to ensure that they work properly. Clean them with water and a suitable car washing deter- gent. Ice and snow covering the sensors may cause incorrect warning signals.

NOTE

If the sensors are obstructed by e.g., dirt, snow, or ice, this could result in false warn- ing signals from the park assist system.

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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

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General information............................................................................... 176
Tire inflation........................................................................................... 179
Inflation pressure—U.S. models .......................................................... 181
Inflation pressure—Canadian models .................................................. 182
Tire designations................................................................................... 183
Glossary of tire terminology.................................................................. 185
Vehicle loading...................................................................................... 186
Uniform tire quality gradings................................................................. 188
Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires................................................ 189
Temporary spare................................................................................... 190
Wheel nuts............................................................................................ 191
Spare tire and jack ............................................................................... 192
Tire Sealing System* ............................................................................ 193
Changing a wheel................................................................................. 198
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)............................................. 200

174

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

WHEELS AND TIRES

07 Wheels and tires

General information

Introduction Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to the vehicle's tire information placard on the B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening).

CAUTION

Some Volvo models are equipped with an Ultra High Performance tire and wheel com- bination designed to provide maximum dry pavement performance with consideration for hydroplaning resistance. They may be more susceptible to road hazard damage and, depending on driving conditions, may achieve a tread life of less than 20,000 miles (30,000 km). Even if this vehicle is equipped with Volvo’s advanced AWD or DSTC sys- tem, these tires are not designed for winter driving, and should be replaced with winter tires when weather conditions dictate.

The tires have good road holding characteris- tics and offer good handling on dry and wet surfaces. It should be noted however that the tires have been developed to give these fea- tures on snow/ice-free surfaces. Most models are equipped with "all-season" tires, which provide a somewhat higher degree of road holding on slippery surfaces than tires

1 Option or accessory on some models

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without the "all-season" rating. However, for optimum road holding on icy or snow-covered roads, we recommend suitable winter tires on all four wheels. When replacing tires, be sure that the new tires are the same size designation, type (radial) and preferably from the same manufacturer, on all four wheels. Otherwise there is a risk of altering the car's roadholding and handling characte- ristics.

New Tires

Remember that tires are perishable goods. As of 2000, the manufacturing week and year (Department of Transportation (DOT) stamp) will be indicated with 4 digits (e.g., 1510 means that the tire illustrated was manufactured dur- ing week 15 of 2010).

Tire age Tires degrade over time, even when they are not being used. It is recommended that tires generally be replaced after 6 years of normal service. Heat caused by hot climates, frequent high loading conditions or Ultra Violet (U.V) exposure can accelerate the aging process. The temporary spare1 should also be replaced at 6-year intervals, even if it has never been used. A tire's age can be determined by the DOT stamp on the sidewall (see the illustration). A tire with e.g., visible cracks or discoloration should be replaced immediately.

Improving tire economy • Maintain correct tire pressure. For the tire

pressure tables, see page 181.

• Drive smoothly: avoid fast starts, hard

braking and tire screeching.

• Tire wear increases with speed. • Correct front wheel alignment is very

important.

• Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy

and driving comfort.

• Tires must maintain the same direction of

rotation throughout their lifetime.

• Incorrectly mounted tires impair the car's

braking properties and ability to force aside rain, snow and slush.

• The tires with the most tread should always

be at the rear (to reduce the risk of skid- ding).

• Contact a Volvo workshop if you are

unsure about the tread depth.

Storing wheels and tires When storing complete wheels (tires mounted on rims), they should be suspended off the floor or placed on their sides on the floor. Tires not mounted on rims should be stored on their sides or standing upright, but should not be suspended.

CAUTION

Tires should preferably be stored in a cool, dry, dark place, and should never be stored in close proximity to solvents, gasoline, oils, etc.

• When replacing tires, the tires with the

most tread should be mounted on the rear wheels to reduce the chance of oversteer during hard braking.

• Hitting curbs or potholes can damage the

tires and/or wheels permanently.

Summer and winter tires

The arrows shows the direction of rotation of the tire • When switching between summer and winter tires, mark the tires to indicate where they were mounted on the car, e.g., LF = left front, RR = right rear

• Tires with tread designed to roll in only one direction are marked with an arrow on the sidewall.

07 Wheels and tires

General information

WARNING

• The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo are specified to meet stringent stability and handling requirements. Unap- proved wheel/tire size combinations can negatively affect your vehicle's sta- bility and handling.

• Any damage caused by installation of unapproved wheel/tire size combina- tions will not be covered by your new vehicle warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility for death, injury, or expenses that may result from such installations.

Tire wear

Tire rotation Tire wear is affected by a number of factors such as tire inflation, ambient temperature, driving style, etc. Your vehicle is driven mainly by the front tires, which will wear faster. If the tires are rotated, they should only be moved from front to back or vice versa. They should never be rotated left to right/right to left. However, tire rotation, done at the recom- mended intervals, is one way of helping to keep tread wear as even as possible and will help you get maximum mileage from your tires.

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07 Wheels and tires

General information

Ideally, tire rotation should be done the first time after approximately 3,000 miles (5, 000 km) and thereafter at 6,000 mile (10,000 km) intervals. Tire rotation should only be performed if front/ rear tire wear is fairly even and tread height is above 1/16" (1.6 mm).

NOTE

Tire rotation is not included in regularly scheduled maintenance and is performed only at customer request, at additional charge.

Your Volvo retailer can also provide guidance based on your particular driving circumstan- ces.

Tread wear indicator

The tires have wear indicator strips running across or parallel to the tread. The letters TWI are printed on the side of the tire. When approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) is left on the tread, these strips become visible and indicate that the tire should be replaced. Tires with less than 1/16" (1.6 mm) tread offer very poor trac- tion. When replacing worn tires, it is recommended that the tire be identical in type (radial) and size as the one being replaced. Using a tire of the same make (manufacturer) will prevent altera- tion of the driving characteristics of the vehicle.

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Inflation placard

NOTE

The placards shown indicate inflation pres- sure for the tires installed on the car at the factory only.

Use a tire gauge to check the tire inflation pres- sure, including the spare, at least once a month and before long trips. You are strongly urged to buy a reliable tire pressure gauge, as auto- matic service station gauges may be inaccu- rate. Use the recommended cold inflation pressure for optimum tire performance and wear. Under-inflation or over-inflation may cause uneven treadwear patterns.

WARNING

• Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result in severe tire cracking, tread separation, or "blowout," with unexpected loss of vehicle control and increased risk of injury.

• Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-

rying capacity of your vehicle.

When weather temperature changes occur, tire inflation pressures also change. A 10-degree temperature drop causes a corresponding drop of 1 psi (7 kPa) in inflation pressure. Check

Tire inflation placard Check tire inflation pressure regularly. Tables listing the recommended inflation pres- sure for your vehicle can be found beginning on page 181. A tire inflation pressure placard is also located on the driver's side B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening). This plac- ard indicates the designation of the factory- mounted tires on your vehicle, as well as load limits and inflation pressure.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire inflation

your tire pressures frequently and adjust them to the proper pressure, which can be found on the vehicle's tire information placard or certifi- cation label.

Checking tire pressure

Cold tires Inflation pressure should be checked when the tires are cold. The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the sur- rounding (ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after the car has been parked for at least 3 hours. After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile (1.6 km), the tires are considered to be hot. If you have to drive farther than this distance to pump your tire(s), check and record the tire pressure first and add the appropriate air pres- sure when you get to the pump. If checking tire pressure when the tire is hot, never "bleed" or reduce air pressure. The tires are hot from driving and it is normal for pres- sures to increase above recommended cold pressures. A hot tire at or below recommended cold inflation pressure could be significantly under-inflated.

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179

Load ratings See page 183 for an explanation of the load rating on the sidewall of the tire.

Speed ratings The speed ratings in the tables translate as fol- lows:

Speed ratings

81 mph (130 km/h)

100 mph (160 km/h)

118 mph (190 km/h)

130 mph (210 km/h)

149 mph (240 km/h)

168 mph (270 km/h)

186 mph (300 km/h)

07 Wheels and tires

Tire inflation

To check inflation pressure: 1. Remove the cap from the valve on one tire,

then firmly press the tire gauge onto the valve.

2. Add air to reach the recommended air

pressure

3. Replace the valve cap. 4. Repeat this procedure for each tire, includ-

ing the spare.

5. Visually inspect the tires to make sure there

are no nails or other objects embedded that could puncture the tire and cause an air leak.

6. Check the sidewalls to make sure there are no gouges, cuts, bulges or other irregular- ities.

NOTE

• If you overfill the tire, release air by

pushing on the metal stem in the center of the valve. Then recheck the pressure with your tire gauge.

• Some spare tires require higher inflation

pressure than the other tires. Consult the tire inflation tables, see page 181, or see the inflation pressure placard.

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07 Wheels and tires

Inflation pressure—U.S. models

Tire inflation pressure table The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire infla-

tion placard (see page 179 for its location) for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory.

Tire size

Cold tire pressure up to five persons psi (kPa)

205/55 R16 91V M+S

205/50 R17
93V Extra Load M+S

215/45 R18A 93V Extra load M+S

Temporary spare tire

Front

32 (220)

35 (240)

35 (240)

61 (420)

A Tires of this type may not be mounted on vehicles equipped with the optional self-leveling system.

Rear

32 (220)

35 (240)

35 (240)

61 (420)

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07 Wheels and tires

Inflation pressure—Canadian models

Tire inflation pressure table The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire infla-

tion placard (see page 179 for its location) for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory.

Tire size

Cold tire pressures Up to five persons psi (kPa)

Optional pressure Up to three personsA psi (kPa)

205/55 R16 91V M+S

205/50 R17
93V Extra load M+S

215/45 R18 B 93V Extra load M+S

Front

36 (250)

36 (250)

36 (250)

Temporary spare tire

61 (420)

Rear

36 (250)

36 (250)

36 (250)

61 (420)

A Optional pressure may not be used for homologation of fuel consumption or emissions. B Tires of this type may not be mounted on vehicles equipped with the optional self-leveling system.

Front

30 (210)

35 (240)

35 (240)

61 (420)

Rear

30 (210)

32 (220)

32 (220)

61 (420)

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Tire designations

10

11

12

Federal law mandates that tire manufacturers place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires (see the illustration). The following information is listed on the tire sidewall: The tire designation:

NOTE

Please be aware that the following tire des- ignation is an example only and that this particular tire may not be available on your vehicle.

215: The width of the tire (in millimeters) from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. The larger the number, the wider the tire. 65: The ratio of the tire's height to its width in percent. R: Radial tire.

15: The diameter of the wheel rim (in inches). 95: The tire's load index. In this example, a load index of 95 equals a maximum load of 1521 lbs (690 kg). H: The tire's speed rating, or the maximum speed at which the tire is designed to be driven for extended periods of time, carry- ing a permissible load for the vehicle, and with correct inflation pressure. For exam- ple, H indicates a speed rating of 130 mph (210 km/h).

NOTE

The tire's load index and speed rating may not appear on the sidewall because they are not required by law.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire designations

M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow, AT = All Terrain, AS = All Season U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT" and indicates that the tire meets all federal standards. The next two numbers or letters are the plant code where it was manufac- tured, the next two are the tire size code and the last four numbers represent the week and year the tire was built. For exam- ple, 1510 means that the tire was manu- factured during week 15 of 2010. The num- bers in between are marketing codes used at the manufacturer's discretion. This infor- mation helps a tire manufacturer identify a tire for safety recall purposes. Tire Ply Composition and Material Used: Indicates the number of plies indi- cates or the number of layers of rubber- coated fabric in the tire tread and sidewall. Tire manufacturers also must indicate the ply materials in the tire and the sidewall, which include steel, nylon, polyester, and others. Maximum Load: Indicates the maximum load in pounds and kilograms that can be carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tire information placard located on the B-Pillar or the driver's door for the correct tire pres- sure for your vehicle.

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07 Wheels and tires

Tire designations

Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature grades: See page 188 for more informa- tion. Maximum permissible inflation pres- sure: The greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.

The tire suppliers may have additional mark- ings, notes or warnings such as standard load, radial tubeless, etc.

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184

Terminology • Tire information placard: A placard

showing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes, recommended inflation pressure, and the maximum weight the vehicle can carry.

• Tire Identification Number (TIN): A num- ber on the sidewall of each tire providing information about the tire brand and man- ufacturing plant, tire size and date of man- ufacturer.

• Inflation pressure: A measure of the

amount of air in a tire.

• Standard load: A class of P-metric or Met- ric tires designed to carry a maximum load at 35 psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tires load carrying capability.

• Extra load: A class of P-metric or Metric tires designed to carry a heavier maximum load at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tires load carrying capability.

• kPa: Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pres-

sure.

• PSI: Pounds per square inch, a standard

unit of air pressure.

• B-pillar: The structural member at the side

of the vehicle behind the front door.

• Bead area of the tire: Area of the tire next

to the rim.

• Sidewall of the tire: Area between the

bead area and the tread.

• Tread area of the tire: Area of the perim- eter of the tire that contacts the road when mounted on the vehicle.

• Rim: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated.

• Maximum load rating: a figure indicating

the maximum load in pounds and kilo- grams that can be carried by the tire. This rating is established by the tire manufac- turer.

• Maximum permissible inflation pres-

sure: the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.

• Recommended tire inflation pressure: inflation pressure, established by Volvo, which is based on the type of tires that are mounted on a vehicle at the factory. This information can be found on the tire infla- tion placard(s) located on the driver's side B-pillar and in the tire inflation table in this chapter.

• Cold tires: The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature

07 Wheels and tires

Glossary of tire terminology

as the surrounding (ambient) air. This tem- perature is normally reached after the car has been parked for at least 3 hours.

Properly loading your vehicle will provide maxi- mum return of vehicle design performance.

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185

07 Wheels and tires

Vehicle loading

Loading the vehicle Before loading your vehicle, familiarize yourself with the following terms for determining your vehicle's weight ratings, with or without a trailer, from the vehicle's Federal/Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label, and the vehicle's tire informa- tion placard:

Curb weight The weight of the vehicle including a full tank of fuel and all standard equipment. It does not include passengers, cargo, or optional equip- ment.

Capacity weight All weight added to the curb weight, including cargo and optional equipment. When towing, trailer hitch tongue load is also part of cargo weight.

NOTE

For trailer towing information, please refer to the section "Towing a trailer", see page 163.

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Permissible axle weight The maximum allowable weight that can be carried by a single axle (front or rear). These numbers are shown on the Federal/Canadian

1 See "Towing a trailer"

186

Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label. The total load on each axle must never exceed its maximum permissible weight.

3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver

and passengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds.

Gross vehicle weight (GVW) The vehicle's curb weight + cargo + passen- gers.

NOTE

• The location of the various labels in your

vehicle can be found on page 268.

• A table listing important weight limits for

your vehicle can be found on page 271.

6.

Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement "the combined

weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX pounds" on your vehi- cle's placard.

2. Determine the combined weight of the

driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.

4. The resulting figure equals the available

amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if the "XXX" amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lbs. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400–750 (5×150) = 650 lbs.)

5. Determine the combined weight of luggage

and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual1 to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.

WARNING

• Exceeding the permissible axle weight,

gross vehicle weight, or any other weight rating limits can cause tire over- heating resulting in permanent defor- mation or catastrophic failure.

• Do not use replacement tires with lower load carrying capacities than the tires that were original equipment on the vehicle because this will lower the vehi- cle's GVW rating. Use only tires with the correct load carrying capacity. Consult your Volvo retailer for information.

07 Wheels and tires

Vehicle loading

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187

WARNING

The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, under- inflation, or excessive loading, either sepa- rately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and tire failure.

07 Wheels and tires

Uniform tire quality gradings

Uniform tire quality gradings ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES Quality grades can be found, where appli- cable, on the tire sidewall between the tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A

TREADWEAR The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified gov- ernment test course. For example, a tire gra- ded 150 would wear one and one half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and many depart signifi- cantly from the norm due to variation in driving habits, maintenance practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.

TRACTION The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test sur-

07

188

faces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance. The trac- tion grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a measure of cornering (turning) traction.

WARNING

The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a measure of cornering (turning) traction.

TEMPERATURE The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a minimum level of performance that all pas- senger vehicle tires must meet under the Fed- eral Motor Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.

07 Wheels and tires

Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires

Snow chains Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with the following restrictions: • Snow chains should be installed on front

wheels only. Use only Volvo approved snow chains.

• If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tires and wheels are installed and are of a size different than the original tires and wheels, chains in some cases CANNOT be used. Sufficient clearances between chains and brakes, suspension and body components must be maintained.

• Some strap-on type chains will interfere

with brake components and therefore CANNOT be used.

• Certain size tires may not allow the assem-

bly of snow chains/traction devices.

Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snow chain information.

CAUTION

• Check local regulations regarding the use of snow chains before installing.

• Always follow the chain manufacturer's installation instructions carefully. Install chains as tightly as possible and retighten periodically.

• Never exceed the chain manufacturer's specified maximum speed limit. (Under no circumstances should you exceed 31 mph (50 km/h).

• Avoid bumps, holes or sharp turns

when driving with snow chains.

• The handling of the vehicle can be

adversely affected when driving with chains. Avoid fast or sharp turns as well as locked wheel braking.

Snow tires, studded tires

Tires for winter use: • Owners who live in or regularly commute through areas with sustained periods of snow or icy driving conditions are strongly advised to fit suitable winter tires to help retain the highest degree of traction.

• It is important to install winter tires on all four wheels to help retain traction during cornering, braking, and accelerating. Fail-

ure to do so could reduce traction to an unsafe level or adversely affect handling. • Do not mix tires of different design as this could also negatively affect overall tire road grip.

• Winter tires wear more quickly on dry roads in warm weather. They should be removed when the winter driving season has ended.

• Studded tires should be run-in

300–600 miles (500–1000 km) during which the car should be driven as smoothly as possible to give the studs the opportu- nity to seat properly in the tires. The tires should have the same rotational direction throughout their entire lifetime.

NOTE

Please consult state or provincial regula- tions restricting the use of studded winter tires before installing such tires.

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189

07 Wheels and tires

Temporary spare

Temporary spare The spare tire in your vehicle1 is called a "Tem- porary Spare". Recommended tire pressure (see the placard on the B-pillar or on the fuel filler door) should be maintained irrespective of which position on the car the temporary spare tire is used. In the event of damage to this tire, a new one can be purchased from your Volvo retailer.

WARNING

Current legislation prohibits the use of the "Temporary Spare" tire other than as a tem- porary replacement for a punctured tire. It must be replaced as soon as possible by a standard tire. Road holding and handling may be affected with the "Temporary Spare" in use. Do not exceed a speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) with the "Temporary Spare" in use.

CAUTION

07

The car must not be driven with wheels of different dimensions or with a spare tire other than the one that came with the car. The use of different size wheels can seri- ously damage your car's transmission.

1 Not on models equipped with the Tire sealing system.

190

Wheel nuts

Low nut

High nut with a fixed washer

Three different types of wheel nuts may be used on your vehicle, depending on whether the wheels are steel or aluminum. Tightening torques: • Type 1 wheel nuts: 81 ft. lbs. (110 Nm) • Type 2 wheel nuts: 96 ft. lbs. (130 Nm) • Lockable wheel nuts: 81 ft. lbs. (110 Nm)

Steel rims – type 1 wheel nuts Steel rims are normally secured using type 1
wheel nuts, although these rims may also be secured with type 2 nuts.

WARNING

Never use type 1 wheel nuts for aluminum wheels. This could cause the wheel to come loose.

Aluminum wheels – type 2 wheel nuts Only type 2 wheel nuts can be used for alumi- num wheels.

NOTE

These nuts can also be used on steel wheels.

Lockable wheel nut If steel wheels with lockable wheel nuts are used in combination with wheel covers, the lockable wheel nut must be fitted to the stud nearest the air valve. The wheel cover cannot otherwise be installed on the wheel.

07 Wheels and tires

Wheel nuts

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191

07 Wheels and tires

Spare tire and jack

Accessing the spare tire1 and jack

Spare tire

Lug wrench

Jack

Retaining hole for the jack

Retaining hole for the spare tire

Crank

07

The spare tire, jack, and crank are located in a storage compartment under the floor of the trunk.

1 Only on models not equipped with the Tire Sealing System

192

Taking out the spare tire 1. Lift the rear edge of the floor in the trunk. 2. Unscrew the retaining nut holding the

spare tire in place and lift the spare tire out. 3. Loosen the retaining clamp to release the

jack and lug wrench.

Returning the jack, tools and spare tire to the storage compartment 1. Crank down the jack halfway so that it fits

under the spare wheel rim.

2. Fold the crank and place it and the lug

wrench on the jack.

3. Tighten the jack's retaining clamp in the

right hole (4) in the storage compartment. Anchor the spare tire in the left hole (5) and tighten the retaining nut.

WARNING

The jack and any tools should always be returned to their proper storage compart- ments after use to help keep them securely in place in the event of sudden braking, etc.

Introduction

Accessing the tire sealing system The tire sealing system is stowed under the floor of the trunk. To access it: 1. Lift the floor hatch in the trunk. 2. Lift out the tire sealing system.

NOTE

• The tire sealing system is only intended to seal holes on the tire’s tread area, not the sidewall.

• Tires with large holes or tears cannot be

repaired with the tire sealing system. • After use, stow the tire sealing system

properly to help prevent rattling.

Location of the tire sealing system Certain models are equipped with a tire sealing system* that enables you to temporarily seal a hole in the tread surface and re-inflate a flat tire, or to adjust a tire’s inflation pressure. The system consists of an air compressor, a container for the sealing compound, wiring to connect the system to the vehicle’s electrical system via one of the 12-volt sockets, and a hose used to connect the system to the tire’s inflation valve. The 12-volt sockets are located in the front tunnel console and on the rear side of the tun- nel console, in the rear seat.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire Sealing System*

WARNING

• After using the tire sealing system, the vehicle should not be driven farther than approximately 120 miles (200 km).

• Have the tire inspected by a trained and

qualified Volvo service technician as soon as possible to determine if it can be permanently repaired or must be replaced.

• The vehicle should not be driven faster than 50 mph (80 km/h) while using a tire that has been temporarily repaired with the tire sealing system.

• After using the tire sealing system, drive

carefully and avoid abrupt steering maneuvers and sudden stops.

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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

193

07 Wheels and tires

Tire Sealing System*

Tire sealing system–overview

WARNING

Please keep the following points in mind when using the tire sealing system: • The sealing compound bottle (no. 8 in

the illustration) contains 1.2-Ethanol and natural rubber-latex. These sub- stances are harmful if swallowed.

• The contents of this bottle may cause allergic skin reactions or otherwise be potentially harmful to the skin, the cen- tral nervous system, and the eyes.

Precautions: • Keep out of reach of children. • Do not ingest the contents. • Avoid prolonged or repeated contact

with the skin.

• Hands should be washed thoroughly

after handling.

First aid: • Skin: Wash affected areas of skin with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

• Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for least

15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

Speed limit sticker

On/Off switch

Electrical wire

Bottle holder (orange cover)

Protective hose cover

07

Air release knob

Hose

Bottle with sealing compound

Air pressure gauge

194

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

• Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air. If irritation persists, get medical atten- tion.

Tire sealing system–temporarily repairing a flat tire

Temporarily repairing a flat tire is done in two stages: • Stage 1: The hole is sealed by pumping sealing compound into the tire. The car is then driven a short distance to distribute the sealing compound in the tire.

NOTE

Do not remove any foreign objects (nails, etc.) from the tire before using the sealing system.

• Stage 2: The tire’s inflation pressure is

checked and adjusted if necessary.

WARNING

• Never leave the tire sealing system

unattended when it is operating.

• Keep the tire sealing system away from

children.

• Be sure the vehicle is parked safely off the road and away from moving traffic.

• Apply the parking brake.