2010 Volvo S40 Owners Manual

Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*

Introduction

BLIS camera

Indicator light

BLIS symbol

06

The Blind Spot Information System (BLIS) is an information system that indicates the presence of another vehicle moving in the same direction as your vehicle in the side-view mirror's "blind area".

CAUTION

The BLIS system should only be repaired by a trained and qualified Volvo service tech- nician.

WARNING

• BLIS is an information system, NOT a

warning or safety system.

• BLIS does not eliminate the need for you to visually confirm the conditions around you, and the need for you to turn your head and shoulders to make sure that you can safely change lanes.

• As the driver, you have full responsibility

for changing lanes in a safe manner.

The system is based on digital camera tech- nology. The cameras (1) are located beneath the side-view mirrors. When one (or both) of the cameras have detected a vehicle in the blind area (up to approximately 10 ft. (3 meters) from the side of your vehicle, and up to approximately 31 ft. (9.5 meters) behind the side-view mirror), the indicator light in the door panel (2) illuminates. The light will glow continuously to alert the driver of the vehicle in the blind area.

NOTE

The door panel indicator light illuminates on the side of the vehicle where the system has detected another vehicle. If your vehicle is passed on both sides at the same time, both lights will illuminate.

A = approx. 10 ft. (3 meters), B = approx. 31 ft. (9.5 meters) BLIS has an integrated function that alerts the driver if a fault should occur with the system. For example, if one or both of the system's cameras are obscured, a message (see the table on page 169) will appear in the informa- tion display in the instrument panel. If this occurs, clean the camera lenses. If necessary, the system can be temporarily switched off (for instructions see page 168).

166

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

06 Starting and driving

Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*

Darkness BLIS reacts to the headlights of surrounding vehicles. In order to be detected by BLIS, a vehicle in the blind area must have its head- lights on. This means, for example, that the system will not detect a trailer without head- lights that is being towed behind a car or truck.

When does BLIS function The system functions when your vehicle is moving at speeds above 6 mph (10 km/h). When you pass another vehicle: The system reacts when you pass another vehicle at a speed of up to 6 mph (10 km/h) faster than that vehicle. When you are passed by another vehicle: The system reacts if your vehicle is passed by another vehicle at a speed of up to 43 mph (70 km/h) faster than your vehicle.

WARNING

• BLIS does not function in sharp curves. • BLIS does not function when your vehi-

cle is backing up.

• If you are towing a wide trailer, this may prevent the BLIS cameras from detect- ing other vehicles in adjacent lanes.

How BLIS functions in daylight and darkness Daylight BLIS reacts to the shape of surrounding vehi- cles. The system is designed to help detect motor vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, etc.

WARNING

• BLIS does not react to cyclists or

mopeds.

• BLIS does not react to vehicles that are

standing still.

• The function of the BLIS cameras may

be affected by intense light, or when driving at night in areas where there are no external sources of light (e.g., street lights, other vehicles, etc.). In such cases, the system may react as if the cameras were obscured.

• In both of the above mentioned condi- tions, a message will appear in the infor- mation display.

• When driving in such conditions, the system's function will be limited or it may be temporarily switched off, see page 168 for instructions.

• When the message is no longer dis-

played, BLIS will return to normal func- tion.

• The BLIS cameras have the same limi- tation as the human eye. In other words, their "vision is impaired" by adverse weather conditions such as heavy snowfall, dense fog, etc.

06

``

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

167

06 Starting and driving

Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*

Limitations In certain situations, the BLIS indicator light(s) may illuminate even when there are no other vehicles in the area monitored by the system.

NOTE

If the BLIS indicator lights illuminate occa- sionally even when there are no other vehi- cles in the blind area, this does not indicate a fault in the system. In the event of a fault, Blind spot syst. service required will be displayed.

The following are several examples of situa- tions in which the BLIS indicator light(s) may illuminate even when there are no other vehi- cles in the area monitored by the system.

06

Light reflected from a wet road surface

CAUTION

• Clean the lenses carefully to avoid

scratching.

• The lenses are electrically heated to

help melt ice or snow. If necessary, gen- tly brush away snow from the lenses.

The vehicle's own shadow against a large, light, smooth surface such as barriers between lanes on a highway

Switching BLIS on and off

Sunlight directly in the camera when the sun is low on the horizon

Cleaning the BLIS camera lenses In order to function optimally, the BLIS camera lenses must be kept clean. They can be wiped clean with a soft cloth or wet sponge.

BLIS button (left button in the illustration) BLIS is automatically activated when the igni- tion is switched on. The indicator lights will provide confirmation by flashing 3 times. • The system can be switched off by press- ing the BLIS button in the center console. The indicator light in the button goes out

168

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

when the system is switched off, and a text message is displayed.

• BLIS can be switched on again by pressing the button. The indicator light in the button will illuminate and a new text message will be displayed. Press the READ button, see page 60, to erase the message.

BLIS system messages Text in the display

System status

BLIS service required

BLIS not functioning properly. Contact an authorized Volvo serv- ice technician.

BLIS camera blocked

BLIS camera obscured. Clean the lenses.

BLIS ON

BLIS OFF

BLIS reduced function

BLIS system on

BLIS system off

The BLIS cameras' function has been reduced by e.g., fog, or strong sunlight directly into the camera. The camera will reset itself when these conditions have changed.

06 Starting and driving

Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*

06

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

169

06 Starting and driving

Park assist*

Introduction

WARNING

NOTE

Rear park assist is deactivated automati- cally when towing a trailer if Volvo genuine trailer wiring is used.

Front park assist The distance monitored in front of the vehicle is approximately 2.5 ft (0.8 m). The audible sig- nal comes from the audio system's front speakers. It may not be possible to combine auxiliary headlights and front park assist since these lights could trigger the system's sensors.

Park Assist is an information system, NOT a safety system. This system is designed to be a supplementary aid when parking the vehicle. It is not, however, intended to replace the driver's attention and judge- ment.

Function The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. The indicator light in the but- ton in the center console illuminates. • The front park assist system is active from the time the engine is started until the vehi- cle exceeds a speed of approximately 10 mph (15 km/h). It is also active when the vehicle is backing up.

• Rear park assist is active when the engine

is running and reverse gear has been selected.

Rear park assist The distance monitored behind the vehicle is approximately 5 ft (1.5 m). The signal comes from the rear speakers. The system must be deactivated when towing a trailer, carrying bicycles in a rear-mounted carrier, etc, which could trigger the rear park assist system's sensors.

06

Front/rear park assist The park assist system is designed to assist you when driving into parking spaces, garages, etc. It utilizes four ultrasound sensors located in one or both bumpers to measure the dis- tance to a vehicle, object or a person who may be close to the front or rear of your vehicle. Park assist is available in two versions: • Rear bumper only • Front and rear bumpers

170

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

Activating/deactivating park assist

NOTE

• Front park assist is disengaged auto-

matically when the parking brake is applied.

• If the vehicle is equipped with front and

rear park assist, both systems will be deactivated by pressing the button.

Audible signals from the park assist system The Park Assist system uses an intermittent tone that pulses faster as you come close to an object, and becomes constant when you are within approximately 1 ft (30 cm) of an object in front of or behind the vehicle. If the volume of another source from the audio system is high, this will be automatically lowered. If there are objects within this distance both behind and in front of the vehicle, the signal alternates between front and rear speakers.

Park Assist button (right button in the illustration) The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. ± Press the Park assist button on the center console to temporarily deactivate the sys- tem(s). The indicator light in the button will go out when the system has been deacti- vated.

± Park assist will be automatically reactiva- ted the next time the engine is started, or if the button is pressed (the indicator light in the button will illuminate).

06 Starting and driving

Park assist*

Faults in the system

If the information symbol illumi- nates and PARK ASSIST SERVICE REQUIRED is shown on the information display, this indicates that the system is not

functioning properly and has been disengaged. Consult a Volvo retailer or authorized Volvo service technician.

CAUTION

In certain circumstances, the park assist system may give unexpected warning sig- nals that can be caused by external sound sources that use the same ultrasound fre- quencies as the system. This may include such things as the horns of other vehicles, wet tires on asphalt, pneumatic brakes, motorcycle exhaust pipes, etc. This does not indicate a fault in the system.

06

``

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

171

06 Starting and driving

Park assist*

Cleaning the sensors

06

Park assist sensors The sensors must be cleaned regularly to ensure that they work properly. Clean them with water and a suitable car washing deter- gent. Ice and snow covering the sensors may cause incorrect warning signals.

NOTE

If the sensors are obstructed by e.g., dirt, snow, or ice, this could result in false warn- ing signals from the park assist system.

172

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

06 Starting and driving

06

173

General information............................................................................... 176
Tire inflation........................................................................................... 179
Inflation pressure—U.S. models .......................................................... 181
Inflation pressure—Canadian models .................................................. 182
Tire designations................................................................................... 183
Glossary of tire terminology.................................................................. 185
Vehicle loading...................................................................................... 186
Uniform tire quality gradings................................................................. 188
Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires................................................ 189
Temporary spare................................................................................... 190
Wheel nuts............................................................................................ 191
Changing a wheel................................................................................. 192
Tire Sealing System ............................................................................. 194
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)............................................. 199

174

WHEELS AND TIRES

07

07 Wheels and tires

General information

Introduction Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to the vehicle's tire information placard on the B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening), or on the inside of the fuel filler door on Canadian models.

CAUTION

Some Volvo models are equipped with an Ultra High Performance tire and wheel com- bination designed to provide maximum dry pavement performance with consideration for hydroplaning resistance. As such, they may be more susceptible to road hazard damage and, depending on driving condi- tions, may achieve a tread life of less than 20,000 miles (30,000 km). Even if this vehi- cle is equipped with Volvo’s advanced AWD or DSTC system, these tires are not designed for winter driving, and should be replaced with winter tires when weather conditions dictate.

The tires have good road holding characteris- tics and offer good handling on dry and wet surfaces. It should be noted however that the tires have been developed to give these fea- tures on snow/ice-free surfaces. Certain models are equipped with "all-season" tires, which provide a somewhat higher degree

07

176

of road holding on slippery surfaces than tires without the "all-season" rating. However, for optimum road holding on icy or snow-covered roads, we recommend suitable winter tires on all four wheels. When replacing tires, be sure that the new tires are the same size designation, type (radial) and preferably from the same manufacturer, on all four wheels. Otherwise there is a risk of altering the car's roadholding and handling characte- ristics.

New Tires

Remember that tires are per- ishable goods. As of 2000, the manufacturing week and year (Department of Transporta- tion (DOT) stamp) will be indi- cated with 4 digits (e.g. 1502
means that the tire illustrated

was manufactured during week 15 of 2002).

Tire age Tires degrade over time, even when they are not being used. It is recommended that tires generally be replaced after 6 years of normal service. Heat caused by hot climates, frequent high loading conditions or Ultra Violet (U.V) exposure can accelerate the aging process.

You should replace the spare tire when you replace the other road tires due to the aging of the spare. A tire's age can be determined by the DOT stamp on the sidewall (see the illustration). A tire with e.g., visible cracks or discoloration should be replaced immediately.

Improving tire economy • Maintain correct tire pressure. For the tire

pressure tables, see page 181.

• Drive smoothly: avoid fast starts, hard

braking and tire screeching.

• Tire wear increases with speed. • Correct front wheel alignment is very

important.

• Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy

and driving comfort.

• Tires must maintain the same direction of

rotation throughout their lifetime.

• When replacing tires, the tires with the

most tread should be mounted on the rear wheels to reduce the chance of oversteer during hard braking.

• Hitting curbs or potholes can damage the

tires and/or wheels permanently.

• Contact a Volvo workshop if you are

unsure about the tread depth.

Storing wheels and tires When storing complete wheels (tires mounted on rims), they should be suspended off the floor or placed on their sides on the floor. Tires not mounted on rims should be stored on their sides or standing upright, but should not be suspended.

CAUTION

Tires should preferably be stored in a cool, dry, dark place, and should never be stored in close proximity to solvents, gasoline, oils, etc.

Summer and winter tires

The arrows shows the direction of rotation of the tire • When switching between summer and winter tires, mark the tires to indicate where they were mounted on the car, e.g., LF = left front, RR = right rear

• Tires with tread designed to roll in only one direction are marked with an arrow on the sidewall.

• Incorrectly mounted tires impair the car's

braking properties and ability to force aside rain, snow and slush.

• The tires with the most tread should always

be at the rear (to reduce the risk of skid- ding).

07 Wheels and tires

General information

WARNING

• The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo are specified to meet stringent stability and handling requirements. Unap- proved wheel/tire size combinations can negatively affect your vehicle's sta- bility and handling. Approved tire sizes are shown in the Tire inflation pressure tables, see page 181.

• Any damage caused by installation of unapproved wheel/tire size combina- tions will not be covered by your new vehicle warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility for death, injury, or expenses that may result from such installations.

Tire wear

Tire rotation Tire wear is affected by a number of factors such as tire inflation, ambient temperature, driving style, etc. Your vehicle is driven mainly by the front tires, which will wear faster. If the tires are rotated, they should only be moved from front to back or vice versa. They should never be rotated left to right/right to left. However, tire rotation, done at the recom- mended intervals, is one way of helping to keep

07

``

177

07 Wheels and tires

General information

tread wear as even as possible and will help you get maximum mileage from your tires. Ideally, tire rotation should be done the first time after approximately 3,000 miles (5, 000 km) and thereafter at 6,000 mile (10,000 km) intervals. Tire rotation should only be performed if front/ rear tire wear is fairly even and tread height is above 1/16" (1.6 mm).

NOTE

Tire rotation is not included in regularly scheduled maintenance and is performed only at customer request, at additional charge.

Your Volvo retailer can also provide guidance based on your particular driving circumstan- ces.

Tread wear indicator

The tires have wear indicator strips running across or parallel to the tread. The letters TWI are printed on the side of the tire. When approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) is left on the tread, these strips become visible and indicate that the tire should be replaced. Tires with less than 1/16" (1.6 mm) tread offer very poor trac- tion. When replacing worn tires, it is recommended that the tire be identical in type (radial) and size as the one being replaced. Using a tire of the same make (manufacturer) will prevent altera- tion of the driving characteristics of the vehicle.

07

178

Inflation labels

Tire inflation placard on U.S. models Check tire inflation pressure regularly. Tables listing the recommended inflation pres- sure for your vehicle can be found on page 181. A tire inflation pressure placard is also located on the driver's side B-pillar (the struc- tural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening). This placard indicates the designation of the factory-moun- ted tires on your vehicle, as well as load limits and inflation pressure.

Tire inflation placard on Canadian models

NOTE

The placards shown indicate inflation pres- sure for the tires installed on the car at the factory only.

Use a tire gauge to check the tire inflation pres- sure, including the spare, at least once a month and before long trips. You are strongly urged to buy a reliable tire pressure gauge, as auto- matic service station gauges may be inaccu- rate. Use the recommended cold inflation pressure for optimum tire performance and wear.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire inflation

Under-inflation or over-inflation may cause uneven treadwear patterns.

WARNING

• Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result in severe tire cracking, tread separation, or "blowout," with unexpected loss of vehicle control and increased risk of injury.

• Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-

rying capacity of your vehicle.

When weather temperature changes occur, tire inflation pressures also change. A 10-degree temperature drop causes a corresponding drop of 1 psi (7 kPa) in inflation pressure. Check your tire pressures frequently and adjust them to the proper pressure, which can be found on the vehicle's tire information placard or certifi- cation label.

07

``

179

99 = 1709 lbs (755 kg).

Speed ratings The speed ratings in the tables translate as fol- lows: M = 81 mph (130 km/h), V = 149 mph (240 km/h), W = 168 mph (270 km/h). See also page 183 for an explanation of the designations on the sidewall of the tire.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire inflation

Checking tire pressure

Cold tires Inflation pressure should be checked when the tires are cold. The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the sur- rounding (ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after the car has been parked for at least 3 hours. After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile (1.6 km), the tires are considered to be hot. If you have to drive farther than this distance to pump your tire(s), check and record the tire pressure first and add the appropriate air pres- sure when you get to the pump. If checking tire pressure when the tire is hot, never "bleed" or reduce air pressure. The tires are hot from driving and it is normal for pres- sures to increase above recommended cold pressures. A hot tire at or below recommended cold inflation pressure could be significantly under-inflated.

To check inflation pressure: 1. Remove the cap from the valve on one tire,

then firmly press the tire gauge onto the valve.

07

180

2. Add air to reach the recommended air

pressure

3. Replace the valve cap. 4. Repeat this procedure for each tire, includ-

ing the spare.

5. Visually inspect the tires to make sure there

are no nails or other objects embedded that could puncture the tire and cause an air leak.

6. Check the sidewalls to make sure there are no gouges, cuts, bulges or other irregular- ities.

NOTE

• If you overfill the tire, release air by

pushing on the metal stem in the center of the valve. Then recheck the pressure with your tire gauge.

• Some spare tires require higher inflation

pressure than the other tires. Consult the tire inflation tables, see page 181, or see the inflation pressure placard.

Load ratings The load ratings in the tables above translate as follows: 91 = 1365 lbs (615 kg), 93 = 1433 lbs (650 kg),

07 Wheels and tires

Inflation pressure—U.S. models

Tire inflation pressure table The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire infla-

tion placard for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory.

Tire size

Cold tire pressure up to five persons psi (kPa)

205/55R16 91V M+S

205/50R17 93V Extra Load M+S

215/45R18A 93W Extra load

Temporary spare tire T125/85R16 99M

Front

32 (220)

35 (240)

35 (240)

61 (420)

A Tires of this type may not be mounted on vehicles equipped with the optional self-leveling system.

Rear

32 (220)

35 (240)

35 (240)

61 (420)

07

181

07 Wheels and tires

Inflation pressure—Canadian models

Tire inflation pressure table The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire infla-

tion placard for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory.

Tire size

Cold tire pressures Up to five persons psi (kPa)

Optional pressure Up to three personsA psi (kPa)

205/55R16 91V M+S

205/50R17 93V Extra Load M+S

215/45R18 93W Extra loadB

Temporary spare tire T125/85R16 99M

Front

36 (250)

36 (250)

36 (250)

61 (420)

Rear

36 (250)

36 (250)

36 (250)

61 (420)

Front

30 (210)

35 (240)

35 (240)

61 (420)

Rear

30 (210)

32 (220)

32 (220)

61 (420)

A Optional pressure may not be used for homologation of fuel consumption or emissions. B Tires of this type may not be mounted on vehicles equipped with the optional self-leveling system.

07

182

Tire designations

10

11

12

Federal law mandates that tire manufacturers place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires (see the illustration). The following information is listed on the tire sidewall: The tire designation:

NOTE

Please be aware that the following tire des- ignation is an example only and that this particular tire may not be available on your vehicle.

215: The width of the tire (in millimeters) from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. The larger the number, the wider the tire. 65: The ratio of the tire's height to its width.

R: Radial tire.

15: The diameter of the wheel rim (in inches). 95: The tire's load index. In this example, a load index of 95 equals a maximum load of 1521 lbs (690 kg). H: The tire's speed rating, or the maximum speed at which the tire is designed to be driven for extended periods of time, carry- ing a permissible load for the vehicle, and with correct inflation pressure. For exam- ple, H indicates a speed rating of 130 mph (210 km/h).

NOTE

This information may not appear on the tire because it is not required by law.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire designations

M+S or M/ S = Mud and Snow, AT = All Terrain, AS = All Season U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT" and indicates that the tire meets all federal standards. The next two numbers or letters are the plant code where it was manufac- tured, the next two are the tire size code and the last four numbers represent the week and year the tire was built. For exam- ple, 2501 means the 25th week of 2001. The numbers in between are marketing codes used at the manufacturer's discre- tion. This information helps a tire manufac- turer identify a tire for safety recall purpo- ses. Tire Ply Composition and Material Used: Indicates the number of plies indicates or the number of layers of rubber-coated fab- ric in the tire tread and sidewall. Tire man- ufacturers also must indicate the ply mate- rials in the tire and the sidewall, which include steel, nylon, polyester, and others. Maximum Load: Indicates the maximum load in pounds and kilograms that can be carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tire information placard located on the B-Pillar or the driver's door for the correct tire pres- sure for your vehicle.

07

``

183

07 Wheels and tires

Tire designations

Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature grades: See page 188 for more informa- tion. Maximum permissible inflation pres- sure: The greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.

The tire suppliers may have additional mark- ings, notes or warnings such as standard load, radial tubeless, etc.

07

184

Terminology • Tire information placard: A placard

showing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes, recommended inflation pressure, and the maximum weight the vehicle can carry.

• Tire Identification Number (TIN): A num- ber on the sidewall of each tire providing information about the tire brand and man- ufacturing plant, tire size and date of man- ufacturer.

• Inflation pressure: A measure of the

amount of air in a tire.

• Standard load: A class of P-metric or Met- ric tires designed to carry a maximum load at 35 psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tires load carrying capability.

• Extra load: A class of P-metric or Metric tires designed to carry a heavier maximum load at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tires load carrying capability.

• kPa: Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pres-

sure.

• PSI: Pounds per square inch, a standard

unit of air pressure.

• B-pillar: The structural member at the side

of the vehicle behind the front door.

• Bead area of the tire: Area of the tire next

to the rim.

• Sidewall of the tire: Area between the

bead area and the tread.

• Tread area of the tire: Area of the perim- eter of the tire that contacts the road when mounted on the vehicle.

• Rim: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated.

• Maximum load rating: a figure indicating

the maximum load in pounds and kilo- grams that can be carried by the tire. This rating is established by the tire manufac- turer.

• Maximum permissible inflation pres-

sure: the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.

• Recommended tire inflation pressure: inflation pressure, established by Volvo, which is based on the type of tires that are mounted on a vehicle at the factory. This inflation pressure is affected by the number of occupants in the car, the amount of cargo, and the speed at which the vehicle will be driven for a prolonged period. This information can be found on the tire infla- tion placard(s) located on the driver's side

07 Wheels and tires

Glossary of tire terminology

B-pillar and in the tire inflation table in this chapter.

• Cold tires: The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the surrounding (ambient) air. This tem- perature is normally reached after the car has been parked for at least 3 hours.

Properly loading your vehicle will provide maxi- mum return of vehicle design performance.

07

185

07 Wheels and tires

Vehicle loading

Loading the vehicle Before loading your vehicle, familiarize yourself with the following terms for determining your vehicle's weight ratings, with or without a trailer, from the vehicle's Federal/Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label, and the vehicle's tire informa- tion placard:

Curb weight The weight of the vehicle including a full tank of fuel and all standard equipment. It does not include passengers, cargo, or optional equip- ment.

Capacity weight All weight added to the curb weight, including cargo and optional equipment. When towing, trailer hitch tongue load is also part of cargo weight.

NOTE

For trailer towing information, please refer to the section "Towing a trailer", see page 162.

07

Permissible axle weight The maximum allowable weight that can be carried by a single axle (front or rear). These numbers are shown on the Federal/Canadian

1 See "Towing a trailer"

186

Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label. The total load on each axle must never exceed its maximum permissible weight.

3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver

and passengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds.

Gross vehicle weight (GVW) The vehicle's curb weight + cargo + passen- gers.

NOTE

• The location of the various labels in your

vehicle can be found on page 268.

• A table listing important weight limits for

your vehicle can be found on page 271.

6.

Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement "the combined

weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX pounds" on your vehi- cle's placard.

2. Determine the combined weight of the

driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.

4. The resulting figure equals the available

amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if the "XXX" amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lbs. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400–750 (5×150) = 650 lbs.)

5. Determine the combined weight of luggage

and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual1 to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.

WARNING

• Exceeding the permissible axle weight,

gross vehicle weight, or any other weight rating limits can cause tire over- heating resulting in permanent defor- mation or catastrophic failure.

• Do not use replacement tires with lower load carrying capacities than the tires that were original equipment on the vehicle because this will lower the vehi- cle's GVW rating. Replacement tires with a higher limit than the originals do not increase the vehicle's GVW rating limitations.

07 Wheels and tires

Vehicle loading

07

187

WARNING

The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, under- inflation, or excessive loading, either sepa- rately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and tire failure.

07 Wheels and tires

Uniform tire quality gradings

Uniform tire quality gradings ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES Quality grades can be found, where appli- cable, on the tire sidewall between the tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A

TREADWEAR The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified gov- ernment test course. For example, a tire gra- ded 150 would wear one and one half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and many depart signifi- cantly from the norm due to variation in driving habits, maintenance practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.

TRACTION The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test sur-

07

188

faces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance. The trac- tion grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a measure of cornering (turning) traction.

WARNING

The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a measure of cornering (turning) traction.

TEMPERATURE The temperature grades are AA (the highest), A, B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dis- sipate heat when tested under controlled con- ditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corre- sponds to a minimum level of performance that all passenger vehicle tires must meet under the Federal Motor Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of per- formance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.

07 Wheels and tires

Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires

Snow chains Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with the following restrictions: • Snow chains should be installed on front

wheels only. Use only Volvo approved snow chains.

• If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tires and wheels are installed and are of a size different than the original tires and wheels, chains in some cases CANNOT be used. Sufficient clearances between chains and brakes, suspension and body components must be maintained.

• Some strap-on type chains will interfere

with brake components and therefore CANNOT be used.

• All Wheel Drive models: Snow chains

should only be installed on the front wheels.

Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snow chain information.

CAUTION

• Check local regulations regarding the use of snow chains before installing.

• Always follow the chain manufacturer's installation instructions carefully. Install chains as tightly as possible and retighten periodically.

• Never exceed the chain manufacturer's specified maximum speed limit. (Under no circumstances should you exceed 31 mph (50 km/h).

• Avoid bumps, holes or sharp turns

when driving with snow chains.

• The handling of the vehicle can be

adversely affected when driving with chains. Avoid fast or sharp turns as well as locked wheel braking.

Snow tires, studded tires

Tires for winter use: • Owners who live in or regularly commute through areas with sustained periods of snow or icy driving conditions are strongly advised to fit suitable winter tires to help retain the highest degree of traction.

• It is important to install winter tires on all four wheels to help retain traction during cornering, braking, and accelerating. Fail-

ure to do so could reduce traction to an unsafe level or adversely affect handling. • Do not mix tires of different design as this could also negatively affect overall tire road grip.

• Winter tires wear more quickly on dry roads in warm weather. They should be removed when the winter driving season has ended.

• Studded tires should be run-in

300–600 miles (500–1000 km) during which the car should be driven as smoothly as possible to give the studs the opportu- nity to seat properly in the tires. The tires should have the same rotational direction throughout their entire lifetime.

NOTE

Please consult state or provincial regula- tions restricting the use of studded winter tires before installing such tires.

07

189

07 Wheels and tires

Temporary spare

Temporary spare The spare tire in your vehicle1 is called a "Tem- porary Spare". Recommended tire pressure (see the placard on the B-pillar or on the fuel filler door) should be maintained irrespective of which position on the car the temporary spare tire is used. In the event of damage to this tire, a new one can be purchased from your Volvo retailer.

WARNING

Current legislation prohibits the use of the "Temporary Spare" tire other than as a tem- porary replacement for a punctured tire. It must be replaced as soon as possible by a standard tire. Road holding and handling may be affected with the "Temporary Spare" in use. Do not exceed a speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) with the "Temporary Spare" in use.

CAUTION

07

The car must not be driven with wheels of different dimensions or with a spare tire other than the one that came with the car. The use of different size wheels can seri- ously damage your car's transmission.

1 Not on models equipped with the Tire sealing system.

190

Wheel nuts

WARNING

Never use the short type of nut for alumi- nium wheels. This could cause the wheel to come loose.

Aluminum wheels – high nut Only the high type of nut can be used for alu- minum wheels. This is considerably different from other types of nut because it has a rotat- ing conical thrust washer.

NOTE

This nut can also be used on steel wheels.

Low nut.

High nut.

There are two different types of wheel nut, depending on whether the wheels are steel or aluminum.

Steel rims – low nut Steel rims are normally secured using the low type of nut, although steel rims may also use the high type.

Lockable wheel nut If steel wheels with lockable wheel nuts are used in combination with wheel covers, the lockable wheel nut must be fitted to the stud nearest the air valve. The wheel cover cannot otherwise be installed on the wheel.

07 Wheels and tires

Wheel nuts

07

191

07 Wheels and tires

Changing a wheel

Changing a wheel

The spare tire, jack, and crank are located under the carpet on the floor of the trunk. To change a tire: 1. Apply the parking brake. 2. Put the gear selector in Park (P) or reverse

on models with a manual transmission. 3. Block the wheels that are on the ground

with wooden blocks or large stones.

4. Remove the wheel cover (where applica- ble) using the lug wrench in the tool bag.

07

192

5. With the car still on the ground, use the lug wrench to loosen the wheel nuts 1/2–1 turn by exerting downward pressure. Turn the nuts counterclockwise to loosen.

6. There are two jack attachment points on

each side of the car. Position the jack cor- rectly in the attachment (see the illustration) and crank while simultaneously guiding the base of the jack to the ground. The base of the jack must be flat on a level, firm, non- slippery surface. Before raising the car, check that the jack is still correctly posi- tioned in the attachment.

Jack attachment points 7. Raise the vehicle until the wheel to be

changed is lifted off the ground.

8. Unscrew the wheel nuts completely and carefully remove the wheel so as not to damage the threads on the studs.

WARNING

• The jack must correctly engage the jack

attachment.

• Be sure the jack is on a firm, level, non-

slippery surface.

• Never allow any part of your body to be

extended under a car supported by a jack.

• Use the jack intended for the car when changing a tire. For any other job, use stands to support the car.

• Apply the parking brake and put the

gear selector in the Park (P) position or reverse on models with a manual trans- mission.

• Block the wheels standing on the

ground, use rigid wooden blocks or large stones.

• The jack should be kept well-greased and clean, and should not be damaged. • No objects should be placed between

the base of jack and the ground, or between the jack and the attachment bar on the vehicle.

07 Wheels and tires

Changing a wheel

WARNING

The jack and any tools should always be returned to their proper storage compart- ments after use to help keep them securely in place in the event of sudden braking, etc.

Installing the wheel 1. Clean the contact surfaces on the wheel

and hub.

2. Lift the wheel and place it on the hub. 3.

Install the wheel nuts and tighten hand- tight. Using the lug wrench, tighten cross- wise until all nuts are snug.

4. Lower the vehicle to the ground and alter-

nately tighten the bolts crosswise to 81 ft. lbs. (110 Nm). Install the wheel cover (where applicable).

5.

Returning the jack to its storage space The jack (certain models) and tools should be returned to their correct storage places after use. • On vehicles equipped with a jack and

spare wheel, the jack should be cranked down and returned to its storage position after use.

• On vehicles equipped with the tire sealing system, the jack should be cranked down as far as possible and returned to its stor- age position in the foam block.

07

193

07 Wheels and tires

Tire Sealing System

Introduction Certain models are equipped with a tire sealing system* that enables you to temporarily seal a hole in the tread surface and re-inflate a flat tire, or to adjust a tire’s inflation pressure. The system consists of an air compressor, a container for the sealing compound, wiring to connect the system to the vehicle’s electrical system via one of the 12-volt sockets, and a hose used to connect the system to the tire’s inflation valve. The 12-volt sockets are located in the front tunnel console and on the rear side of the tun- nel console, in the rear seat.

Accessing the tire sealing system The tire sealing system is stowed under the floor of the trunk. To access it: 1. Lift the floor hatch in the trunk. 2. Lift out the tire sealing system.

07

NOTE

• The tire sealing system is only intended to seal holes on the tire’s tread area, not the sidewall.

Tire sealing system–overview

• Tires with large holes or tears cannot be

repaired with the tire sealing system. • After use, stow the tire sealing system

properly to help prevent rattling.

WARNING

• After using the tire sealing system, the vehicle should not be driven farther than approximately 120 miles (200 km).

• Have the tire inspected by a trained and

qualified Volvo service technician as soon as possible to determine if it can be permanently repaired or must be replaced.

• The vehicle should not be driven faster than 50 mph (80 km/h) while using a tire that has been temporarily repaired with the tire sealing system.

• After using the tire sealing system, drive

carefully and avoid abrupt steering maneuvers and sudden stops.

Speed limit sticker

On/Off switch

Electrical wire

Bottle holder (orange cover)

Protective hose cover

Air release knob

Hose

Bottle with sealing compound

Air pressure gauge

194

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.

WARNING

Please keep the following points in mind when using the tire sealing system: • The sealing compound bottle (no. 8 in

the illustration) contains 1.2-Ethanol and natural rubber-latex. These sub- stances are harmful if swallowed.

• The contents of this bottle may cause allergic skin reactions or otherwise be potentially harmful to the skin, the cen- tral nervous system, and the eyes.

Precautions: • Keep out of reach of children. • Do not ingest the contents. • Avoid prolonged or repeated contact

with the skin.

• Hands should be washed thoroughly

after handling.

First aid: • Skin: Wash affected areas of skin with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

• Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for least

15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

• Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air. If irritation persists, get medical atten- tion.

Tire sealing system–temporarily repairing a flat tire

Temporarily repairing a flat tire is done in two stages: • Stage 1: The hole is sealed by pumping sealing compound into the tire. The car is then driven a short distance to distribute the sealing compound in the tire.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire Sealing System

NOTE

Do not remove any foreign objects (nails, etc.) from the tire before using the sealing system.

• Stage 2: The tire’s inflation pressure is

checked and adjusted if necessary.

WARNING

• Never leave the tire sealing system

unattended when it is operating.

• Keep the tire sealing system away from

children.

• Be sure the vehicle is parked safely off the road and away from moving traffic.

• Apply the parking brake.

Stage 1: Sealing the hole 1. Open the cover on the tire sealing kit. 2. Peel off the speed limit sticker and affix it to the steering wheel hub where it will be clearly visible to the driver.

3. Ensure that the on/off switch is in posi-

tion 0 (the 0 side of the switch should be pressed down).

07

``

195

07 Wheels and tires

Tire Sealing System

4. Put on the gloves included in the tire seal-

ing system.

WARNING

Contact with the sealing compound may cause skin irritation. If contact occurs, wash the affected area immediately with soap and water.

5. Unscrew the orange cover over the bottle holder and unscrew the cap on the bottle of sealing compound.

NOTE

Do not break the seal on the bottle. This occurs automatically when the bottle is screwed into the holder.

6. Screw the bottle into the bottle holder.

WARNING

07

The bottle is equipped with a catch to keep it securely in place and help prevent sealing compound leakage. Once in place, the bot- tle cannot be unscrewed. This must be done by a trained and qualified Volvo service technician.

196

7. Remove the valve cap from the tire’s infla-

tion valve and screw the tire sealing sys- tem’s hose connector onto the valve as tightly as possible by hand.

8. Connect the electrical wire to the nearest

12-volt socket in the vehicle.

9. Start the vehicle’s engine. 10. Start the tire sealing system’s compressor by pressing the on/off switch to position I.

WARNING

• Never stand next to the tire being inflated

when the compressor is in operation.

• If cracks, bubbles, etc. form on the tire, switch off the compressor immediately. • If there is visible damage to the sidewall

or the rim, the tire cannot be repaired. The vehicle should not be driven if this occurs. Contact a towing service or Volvo On Call Roadside Assistance if applicable.

NOTE

The air pressure gauge will temporarily show an increase in pressure to approxi- mately 88 psi (6 bar) while the sealing com- pound is being pumped into the tire. The pressure should return to a normal level after approximately 30 seconds.

11. Within seven minutes, inflate the tire to

between 22—44 psi (1.8—3.0 bar). Switch off the compressor briefly to get a clear reading from the pressure gauge. The compressor should not be used for more than 10 minutes at a time to avoid over- heating.

CAUTION

The compressor should not be used for more than 10 minutes at a time to avoid overheating.

WARNING

If the pressure remains below 22 psi (1.8 bar) after approximately seven minutes, turn off the compressor. In this case, the hole is too large to be sealed and the vehicle should not be driven.

12. Switch off the compressor and disconnect the electrical wire from the 12-volt socket. 13. Unscrew the hose from the tire’s inflation

valve and reinstall the valve cap.

14. Immediately drive the vehicle for approxi- mately 2 miles (3 km) at a maximum speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) to distribute the seal- ing compound in the tire.

CAUTION

If your vehicle is equipped with the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), the use of the sealing compound may lead to incorrect tire pressure readings or in rare cases, damage to the tire pressure sensor. Use the tire sealing system to check and adjust the damaged tire's inflation pressure.

NOTE

• Safely stow the tire sealing system in a convenient place as it will soon be used again to check the tire’s inflation pres- sure.

• The empty bottle of sealing compound

cannot be removed from the bottle holder. Consult a trained and qualified Volvo service technician to have the bottle removed and properly disposed of.

WARNING

If heavy vibrations, unsteady steering behavior, or noises should occur while driv- ing, reduce speed and park the vehicle in a safe place. Recheck the tire for bumps, cracks, or other visible damage, and recheck its inflation pressure. If the pressure is below 19 psi (1.3 bar), do not continue driving. Have the vehicle towed to a trained and qualified Volvo service technician.

Stage 2: Checking inflation pressure 1. Connect the tire sealing system as descri-

bed in stage 1.

2. Refer to the inflation pressure tables for the correct inflation pressure. If the tire needs to be inflated, start the tire sealing system’s compressor. If necessary, release air from the tire by turning the air release knob counterclockwise.

CAUTION

The compressor should not be used for more than 10 minutes at a time to avoid overheating.

WARNING

If you interrupt your trip for more than 1
hour, check the inflation pressure in the damaged tire again before continuing.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire Sealing System

Replacing the sealing compound container The sealing compound container must be replaced if: • the tire sealing system has been used to

repair a tire

• the container’s expiration date has passed

(see the date on decal).

NOTE

• After use, the sealing compound bottle,

the hose, and certain other system components must be replaced. Please consult your Volvo retailer for replace- ment parts.

• If the sealing compound bottle’s expi- ration date has passed, please take it to a Volvo retailer or a recycling station that can properly dispose of harmful substances.

07

``

197

07 Wheels and tires

Tire Sealing System

Inflating tires The tire sealing system can be used to inflate the tires. To do so: 1. Park the car in a safe place. 2. The compressor should be switched off. Ensure that the on/off switch is in posi- tion 0 (the 0 side of the switch should be pressed down).

3. Take out the electrical wire and hose. 4. Remove the valve cap from the tire’s infla-

tion valve and screw the hose connector onto the valve as tightly as possible by hand.

5. Connect the electrical wire to the nearest

12-volt socket in the vehicle.

6. Start the vehicle’s engine.

WARNING

• The vehicle’s engine should be running when the tire sealing system is used to avoid battery drain. Therefore, be sure the vehicle is parked in a well ventilated place, or outdoors, before using the sys- tem.

• Children should never be left unattended in the vehicle when the engine is running.

07

198

7. Check the tire’s inflation pressure on the

gauge. Switch off the compressor briefly to get a clear reading from the pressure gauge.

8. Refer to the tire inflation tables for the cor- rect inflation pressure. If the tire needs to be inflated, start the tire sealing system’s compressor (press the on/off switch to position I). If necessary, release air from the tire by turning the air release knob coun- terclockwise.

CAUTION

The compressor should not be used for more than 10 minutes at a time to avoid overheating.

9. Turn off the compressor (press the on/off switch to position 0) when the correct infla- tion pressure has been reached.

10. Unscrew the hose from the tire’s inflation

valve and reinstall the valve cap.

11. Disconnect the electrical wire from the

12-volt socket.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

Introduction The tire pressure monitoring system uses sen- sors mounted in the tire valves to check infla- tion pressure levels. When the vehicle is mov- ing at a speed of approximately 20 mph (30 km/h) or faster, these sensors transmit inflation pressure data to a receiver located in the vehicle.

NOTE

USA – FCC ID: KR5S122780002
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the fol- lowing conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

When low inflation pressure is detected, TPMS will light up the tire pressure warning light (also referred to as a telltale) in the instrument panel and will display one of the following mes- sages in the text window: LOW TIRE PRESS. CHECK TIRES or VERY LOW TIRE PRESSURE.

NOTE

If a fault occurs in TPMS, the tire pressure warning light will flash for approximately 1 minute and TIRE PRESS SYST SERVICE REQUIRED will be displayed.

Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pres- sure telltale when one or more of your tires is significantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pres- sure. Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability. Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driv-

er's responsibility to maintain correct tire pres- sure, even if under-inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not operating properly. The TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with the low tire pressure telltale . When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale will flash for approximately one minute and then remain continuously illuminated. This sequence will continue upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunction exists. When the mal- function indicator is illuminated, the system may not be able to detect or signal low tire pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety of reasons, including the installation of replacement or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or more tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure that the replacement or alternate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function properly.

07

``

199

07 Wheels and tires

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

NOTE

• TPMS indicates low tire pressure but does not replace normal tire mainte- nance. For information on correct tire pressure, please refer to the tables beginning on page 181, or consult your Volvo retailer.

• The tire pressure warning light will not identify which tire is underinflated. Be