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of the tread grooves decreases to 0.063 in (1.6 mm). A tire must be replaced when the tread wear indicator appears as a solid band across the tread.
Maintenance and service 11-33
(cid:132) Tire rotation direction mark
R OTATION
B00550
Example of tire rotation direction mark 1) Front
If the tire has the rotation direction specifi- cation, the tire rotation direction mark is placed on its sidewall.
When you install a tire that has the tire ro- tation direction mark, install the tire with the direction mark facing forward.
– CONTINUED –
11-34 Maintenance and service
(cid:132) Tire rotation
Vehicles equipped with unidirectional tires 1) Front
B00545
B00546
Vehicles equipped with 4 non-unidirec- tional tires 1) Front
Tire wear varies from wheel to wheel. To maximize the life of each tire and ensure that the tires wear uniformly, it is best to rotate the tires every 7,500 miles (12,500
km). Move the tires to the positions shown in the illustration each time they are rotat- ed. Replace any damaged or unevenly worn tire at the time of rotation. After tire rota- tion, adjust the tire pressures and make sure the wheel nuts are correctly tight- ened.After driving approximately 600 miles (1,000 km), check the wheel nuts again and retighten any nut that has become loose.
(cid:132) Tire replacement The wheels and tires are important and in- tegral parts of your vehicle’s design; they cannot be changed arbitrarily. The tires fit- ted as standard equipment are optimally matched to the characteristics of the vehi- cle and were selected to give the best pos- sible combination of running performance, ride comfort, and service life. It is essential for every tire to have a size and construc- tion matching those shown on the tire placard and to have a speed symbol and load index matching those shown on the tire placard.
Using tires of a non-specified size detracts from controllability, ride comfort, braking performance, speedometer accuracy and odometer accuracy. It also creates incor- rect body-to-tire clearances and inappro- priately changes the vehicle’s ground clearance.
All four tires must be the same in terms of manufacturer, brand (tread pattern), con- struction, and size. You are advised to re- place the tires with new ones that are identical to those fitted as standard equip- ment.
For safe vehicle operation, SUBARU rec- ommends replacing all four tires at the same time.
(cid:121) All four tires must be the same in terms of manufacturer, brand (tread pattern), construction, de- gree of wear, speed symbol, load index and size. Mixing tires of dif- ferent types, sizes or degrees of wear can result in damage to vehi- cle’s power train. Use of different types or sizes of tires can also dangerously reduce controllabili- ty and braking performance and can lead to an accident.
(cid:121) Use only radial tires. Do not use radial tires together with belted bias tires and/or bias-ply tires. Do- ing so can dangerously reduce controllability, resulting in an ac- cident.
(cid:132) Wheel replacement When replacing wheels due, for example, to damage, make sure the replacement wheels match the specifications of the wheels that are fitted as standard equip- ment. Replacement wheels are available from SUBARU dealers.
Use only those wheels that are specified for your vehicle. Wheels not meeting specifications could in- terfere with brake caliper operation and may cause the tires to rub against the wheel well housing dur- ing turns. The resulting loss of vehi- cle control could lead to an acci- dent.
Aluminum wheels (if equipped)
Aluminum wheels can be scratched and damaged easily. Handle them carefully to maintain their appearance, performance, and safety.
(cid:121) When any of the wheels is removed and replaced for tire rotation or to change a flat, always check the tightness of the wheel nuts after driving approximately 600
miles (1,000 km). If any nut is loose, tight- en it to the specified torque. (cid:121) Never apply oil to the threaded parts, wheel nuts, or tapered surface of the wheel. (cid:121) Never let the wheel rub against sharp protrusions or curbs. (cid:121) Be sure to fit tire chains on uniformly and completely around the tire, otherwise the chains may scratch the wheel. (cid:121) When wheel nuts, balance weights, or the center cap is replaced, be sure to re- place them with genuine SUBARU parts designed for aluminum wheels.Maintenance and service 11-35
Windshield washer fluid
Never use engine coolant as washer fluid because it could cause paint damage.
300523
If you spray washer fluid on the windshield but the supply of washer fluid appears to diminish, check the level of washer fluid in the tank.
– CONTINUED –
11-36 Maintenance and service
Hi
Low
300172
Washer fluid level gauge
FULL
300524
Remove the washer tank filler cap, then check the fluid level indicated by the level gauge (attached to the inside of the cap). If the level is near the “Low†mark, add flu-
id until it reaches the “Hi†level on the level gauge or the “Full†mark on the tank. Use windshield washer fluid. If windshield washer fluid is unavailable use clean wa- ter. In areas where water freezes in winter, use an anti-freeze type windshield washer fluid. SUBARU Windshield Washer Fluid contains 58.5% methyl alcohol and 41.5% surfactant, by volume. Its freezing temper- ature varies according to how much it is di- luted, as indicated in the following table.
Washer Fluid Concentration
30%
50%
100%
Freezing
Temperature
10.4(cid:113)F (–12(cid:113)C)
–4(cid:113)F (–20(cid:113)C)
–49(cid:113)F (–45(cid:113)C)
Never use engine coolant as washer fluid because it could cause paint damage.
In order to prevent freezing of washer flu- id, check the freezing temperatures in the table above when adjusting the fluid con- centration to the outside temperature. If you fill the reservoir tank with a fluid with a different concentration from the one
used previously, purge the old fluid from the piping between the reservoir tank and washer nozzles by operating the washer for a certain period of time. Otherwise, if the concentration of the fluid remaining in the piping is too low for the outside tem- perature, it may freeze and block the noz- zles.
Adjust the washer fluid concentra- tion appropriately for the outside temperature. If the concentration is inappropriate, sprayed washer fluid may freeze on the windshield and obstruct your view, and the fluid may freeze in the reservoir tank.
Replacement of wiper blades
Grease, wax, insects, or other material on the windshield or the wiper blade results in jerky wiper operation and streaking on the glass. If you cannot remove the streaks af- ter operating the windshield washer or if the wiper operation is jerky, clean the out- er surface of the windshield (or rear win- dow) and the wiper blades using a sponge or soft cloth with a neutral detergent or mild-abrasive cleaner. After cleaning, rinse the windshield and wiper blades with clean water. The windshield is clean if beads do not form when you rinse the windshield with water.
Do not clean the wiper blades with gasoline or a solvent, such as paint thinner or benzene. This will cause deterioration of the wiper blades.
If you cannot eliminate the streaking even after following this method, replace the wiper blades using the following proce- dures:
(cid:132) Windshield wiper blades 1. Raise the wiper arm off the windshield.
Maintenance and service 11-37
B00380
B00330
1) Stopper
1) Metal support
2. Remove the wiper blade assembly by holding its pivot area and pushing it in the direction shown by the arrow while de- pressing the wiper blade stopper.
3. Grasp the locked end of the blade rub- ber assembly and pull it firmly until the stoppers on the rubber are free of the met- al support.
– CONTINUED –
11-38 Maintenance and service
5. Align the claws of the metal support with the grooves in the rubber and slide the blade rubber assembly into the metal support until it locks.
B00331
1) Metal spines
4. If the new blade rubber is not provided with two metal spines, remove the metal spines from the old blade rubber and in- stall them in the new blade rubber.
2. Turn the wiper blade assembly coun- terclockwise.
B00061
B00332
1) Stopper
Be sure to position the claws at the end of the metal support between the stoppers on the rubber as shown. If the rubber is not retained properly, the wiper blade may scratch the windshield. 6. Install the wiper blade assembly to the wiper arm. Make sure that it locks in place. 7. Lower the wiper arm.
(cid:132) Rear window wiper blade 1. Raise the wiper arm off the rear win- dow.
B00059
B00062
3. Having turned the wiper blade assem- bly to the angle shown in the illustration, pull it in the direction of the arrow to re- move it from the wiper arm.
the plastic support.
Maintenance and service 11-39
B00381
1) Plastic support
4. Pull out the end of the blade rubber as- sembly to unlock it from the plastic sup- port.
B00333
1) Metal spines
6. If the new blade rubber is not provided with two metal spines, remove the metal spines from the old blade rubber and in- stall them in the new blade rubber.
B00066
7. Align the claws of the plastic support with the grooves in the blade rubber as- sembly, then slide the blade rubber as- sembly into place.
5. Pull the blade rubber assembly out of
B00064
B00067
Securely lock the end of the plastic sup- port as shown in the illustration. If the rub- – CONTINUED –
11-40 Maintenance and service
ber is not retained properly, the wiper may scratch the rear window glass. 8. Install the wiper blade assembly to the wiper arm. Make sure that it locks in place. 9. Lower the wiper arm.
Battery
(cid:121) Before beginning work on or near any battery, be sure to extinguish all cigarettes, matches, and light- ers. Never expose a battery to an open flame or electric sparks. Bat- teries give off a gas which is high- ly flammable and explosive.
(cid:121) For safety, in case an explosion does occur, wear eye protection or shield your eyes when working near any battery. Never lean over a battery.
(cid:121) Do not let battery fluid contact eyes, skin, fabrics, or paint be- cause battery fluid is a corrosive acid. If battery fluid gets on your skin or in your eyes, immediately flush the area with water thor- oughly. Seek medical help imme- diately if acid has entered the eyes. If battery fluid is accidentally swallowed, immediately drink a large amount of milk or water, and seek medical attention immediate- ly.
(cid:121) To lessen the risk of sparks, re- move rings, metal watchbands, and other metal jewelry. Never al- low metal tools to contact the pos- itive battery terminal and anything connected to it WHILE you are at the same time in contact with any other metallic portion of the vehi- cle because a short circuit will re- sult.
(cid:121) Keep everyone including children
away from the battery.
(cid:121) Charge the battery in a well-venti-
lated area.
compounds,
(cid:121) Battery posts, terminals and relat- ed accessories contain lead and lead chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Batteries also contain other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer. Wash hands after handling.
Never use more than 10 amperes when charging the battery because it will shorten battery life.
Fuses
B00382
Never replace a fuse with one hav- ing a higher rating or with material other than a fuse because serious damage or a fire could result.
The fuses are designed to melt during an overload to prevent damage to the wiring harness and electrical equipment. The fuses are located in two fuse boxes.
U P P E R L E V E L U P P E R L E V E L L O W E R L E V EL
1) Cap 2) Upper level 3) Lower level
It is unnecessary to periodically check the battery fluid level or periodically refill with distilled water. However, if the battery fluid level is below the lower level, remove the cap. Fill to the upper level with distilled water.
Maintenance and service 11-41
The other one is housed in the engine compartment.
600444
B00069
One is located under the instrument panel behind the cover on the driver’s seat side. To remove the cover, pull it out.
1) Fuse puller 2) Spare fuse
B00383
The fuse puller and spare fuses are stored
– CONTINUED –
11-42 Maintenance and service
in the main fuse box cover in the engine compartment.
B00338
1) Good 2) Blown
If any lights, accessories or other electri- cal controls do not operate, inspect the corresponding fuse. If a fuse has blown, replace it. 1. Turn the ignition switch to the “LOCK†position and turn off all electrical accesso- ries. 2. Remove the cover. 3. Determine which fuse may be blown. The back side of each fuse box cover and the “Fuses and circuits†section in chapter 12 in this manual show the circuit for each fuse.
Main fuse
600160
4. Pull out the fuse with the fuse puller. 5. Inspect the fuse. If it has blown, re- place it with a spare fuse of the same rat- ing. 6. If the same fuse blows again, this indi- cates that its system has a problem. Con- tact your SUBARU dealer for repairs.
600444
Main fuse box
The main fuses are designed to melt dur- ing an overload to prevent damage to the wiring harness and electrical equipment. Check the main fuses if any electrical component fails to operate (except the starter motor) and other fuses are good. A melted main fuse must be replaced. Use only replacements with the same speci- fied rating as the melted main fuse. If a main fuse blows after it is replaced, have the electrical system checked by your nearest SUBARU dealer.
Maintenance and service 11-43
Installation of accessories
Always consult your SUBARU dealer be- fore installing fog lights or any other elec- trical equipment in your vehicle. Such ac- cessories may cause the electronic sys- tem to malfunction if they are incorrectly installed or if they are not suited for the ve- hicle.
11-44 Maintenance and service
Replacing bulbs
321
78
9 10
11
12
1315
14
B00384
1) High beam headlight 2) Low beam headlight
Canada-spec. 2.5XT All except Canada-spec. 2.5XT
Front fog light
Front turn signal light
3) 4) Map light 5) Dome light 6) Side marker light (Front) 7) 8) Parking light 9) High mount stop light 10) Cargo area light 11) Tail/stop light 12) Backup light 13) Rear turn signal light 14) Tail/stop light 15) License plate light
Wattage 12V-60W
12V-35W 12V-55W
12V-21W (Amber) 12V-8W 12V-8W 12V-5W 12V-51W 12V-5W 12V-13W 12V-5W 12V-21/5W 12V-16W 12V-21W (Amber) 12V-21/5W 12V-5W
Bulb No. 9005 (HB3)
D2R H1
1474
– – 168
9006 (HB4) 168
912
– 7443
921
1474
7443
168Maintenance and service 11-45
Replace any bulb only with a new bulb of the specified wattage. Using a bulb of different wattage could re- sult in a fire.
(cid:132) Headlights (Canada-spec.
2.5XT)
to replace
High-intensity-discharge (HID) bulbs are used for the low beams of the headlights on the Canada-spec. 2.5XT. These HID bulbs use an ex- tremely high voltage. To avoid the risk of an electric shock and result- ing serious injury, you should not at- tempt them. Neither should you attempt to replace the high-beam bulbs, remove/refit the headlight assemblies, or remove any headlight-assembly components. For replacement of the headlight bulbs (low-beam and high-beam), re- moval and installation of the head- light assemblies, and removal of headlight-assembly components, contact your SUBARU dealer.
– CONTINUED –
11-46 Maintenance and service
(cid:132) Headlights (Except Canada-
spec. 2.5XT)
Halogen headlight bulbs become very hot while in use. If you touch the bulb surface with bare hands or greasy gloves, finger prints or grease on the bulb surface will de- velop into hot spots and cause the bulb to break. If there are finger prints or grease on the bulb surface, wipe them away with a soft cloth moistened with alcohol. NOTE (cid:121) If headlight aiming is required, con- sult your SUBARU dealer for proper adjustment of the headlight aim. (cid:121) It may be difficult to replace the bulbs. Have your SUBARU dealer re- place the bulbs if necessary.
(cid:84) Low beam light bulbs
B00393
Before replacing the left-hand (battery- side) low- or high-beam light bulb, remove the screw that retains the windshield washer nozzle and tip the windshield washer nozzle sideways.
B00385
1. Remove the bulb cover, by turning it counterclockwise.
2. Remove the retainer spring, then pull out the bulb and electrical connector unit.
B00386
(cid:84) High beam light bulbs
Maintenance and service 11-47
3. Replace the bulb with new one. 4. Reconnect the electrical connector. At this time, use care not to touch the bulb surface. 5. To install the bulb to the headlight as- sembly, turn it clockwise until it clicks.
(cid:132) Rear combination lights
B00387
3. Disconnect the electrical connector from the bulb. 4. Install a new bulb into the electrical connector, then set the retainer spring se- curely. 5. Install the bulb cover.
1. Disconnect the electrical connector from the bulb.
700093
B00388
2. Remove the bulb from the headlight assembly by turning it counterclockwise.
B00389
1. Remove the upper and lower screws. Then, slide the rear combination lamp as- sembly to the rear and remove it from the vehicle.
– CONTINUED –
11-48 Maintenance and service
B00390
1) Tail/stop light 2) Backup light 3) Rear turn signal light 4) Tail/stop light
2. Remove the bulb holder from the rear combination light assembly by turning it counterclockwise. 3. Pull the bulb from the holder. Install a new bulb. 4. Set the bulb holder into the rear combi- nation light assembly and turn it clockwise until it locks. 5. Reinstall the rear combination light as- sembly.
(cid:132) License plate light
(cid:132) Dome light and map light
B00391
B00090
1. Remove the mounting screws using a Phillips screwdriver. 2. Remove the cover and lens. 3. Pull the bulb out of the socket. Install a new bulb. 4. Reinstall the lens and cover. 5. Tighten the mounting screws.
Dome light
B00091
Map light
1. Remove the lens by prying the edge of
the lens with a flat-head screwdriver. 2. Pull the bulb out of the socket. Install a new bulb. 3. Reinstall the lens.
(cid:132) High mount stop light
these bulbs if necessary.
Maintenance and service 11-49
B00547
1. Remove the mounting screws using a Phillips screwdriver and then remove the high mount stop light cover. 2. Pull the bulb from the socket. Install a new bulb. 3. Reinstall the cover. 4. Tighten the mounting screws then rein- stall the covers. NOTE Other bulbs may be difficult to replace. Have your SUBARU dealer replace
Specifications
Specifications ..................................................... 12-2
12-2
12-3
12-3
12-4
12-5
12-5
Fuses and circuits .............................................. 12-6Dimensions ............................................................. Engine ...................................................................... Electrical system .................................................... Capacities ................................................................ Tires ......................................................................... Wheel alignment .....................................................
Fuse panel located behind the instrument panel ........................................................................ Fuse panel located in the engine compartment ...........................................................
12-8
Bulb chart ............................................................ 12-9
Vehicle identification ......................................... 12-1012-6
12
12-2 Specifications
Specifications
These specifications are subject to change without notice.
(cid:132) Dimensions
Item
2.5-liter non-turbo models
2.5-liter turbo models
Drive system Transmission type Overall length Overall width Overall height Wheel base Tread
Front Rear
AT
MT
AT
MT
AWD
62.6 (1,590)
176.6 (4,485) 68.3 (1,735)
99.4 (2,525) 58.9 (1,495) 58.5 (1,485)
62.4 (1,585)
Ground clearance*1
8.07 (205)
7.87 (200)
*1: Measured with vehicle empty AT: Automatic transmission MT: Manual transmission
Specifications
in (mm)
Specifications 12-3
(cid:132) Engine
Engine model Engine type Displacement cc (cu-in) Bore (cid:117) Stroke in (mm) Compression ratio Firing order
(cid:132) Electrical system
Battery type and capacity (5HR)
Alternator
Spark plugs
EJ253 (2.5-liter, SOHC, non-turbo)
EJ255 (2.5-liter, DOHC, turbo)
Horizontally opposed, liquid cooled 4 cylinder, 4-stroke gasoline engine
2,457 (150)
3.92 (cid:117) 3.11 (99.5 (cid:117) 79.0)
10.0 : 1
8.4 : 1
1 – 3 – 2 – 4
Manual transmission Automatic transmission 2.5-liter turbo models 2.5-liter non-turbo models 2.5-liter non-turbo models 2.5-liter turbo models
12V-48AH (55D23L) 12V-52AH (75D23L)
12V-110A 12V-90A
FR5AP-11 (NGK)
ILFR6B (NGK)
– CONTINUED –
12-4 Specifications
(cid:132) Capacities
Fuel tank Engine oil Transmission oil
Front differential gear oil (AT) Rear differential gear oil Power steering fluid Engine coolant
AT: Automatic transmission MT: Manual transmission
MT AT
2.5-liter non-turbo models MT AT MT AT
2.5-liter turbo models
15.9 US gal (60 liters, 13.2 Imp gal)
4.2 US qt (4.0 liters, 3.5 Imp qt) 3.7 US qt (3.5 liters, 3.1 Imp qt) 9.8 US qt (9.3 liters, 8.2 Imp qt) 1.3 US qt (1.2 liter, 1.1 Imp qt) 0.8 US qt (0.8 liter, 0.7 Imp qt) 0.7 US qt (0.7 liter, 0.6 Imp qt) 7.3 US qt (6.9 liters, 6.1 Imp qt) 7.2 US qt (6.8 liters, 6.0 Imp qt) 7.8 US qt (7.4 liters, 6.5 Imp qt) 7.7 US qt (7.3 liters, 6.4 Imp qt)
Specifications 12-5
(cid:132) Tires
Tire size Wheel size Pressure
Temporary spare tire
Front
Rear
Size Pressure
Light load Full load Light load Full load Trailer towing
P215/60R16 94H
16 (cid:117) 61/2 JJ or 16 (cid:117) 61/2 J
29 psi (200 kPa, 2.0 kgf/cm2) 29 psi (200 kPa, 2.0 kgf/cm2) 28 psi (190 kPa, 1.9 kgf/cm2) 36 psi (250 kPa, 2.5 kgf/cm2) 41 psi (280 kPa, 2.8 kgf/cm2)
P215/55R17 93H
17 (cid:117) 7 JJ
32 psi (220 kPa, 2.2 kgf/cm2) 32 psi (220 kPa, 2.2 kgf/cm2) 30 psi (210 kPa, 2.1 kgf/cm2) 32 psi (220 kPa, 2.2 kgf/cm2) 36 psi (250 kPa, 2.5 kgf/cm2)
T135/80D16
60 psi (420 kPa, 4.2 kgf/cm2)
NOTE For the Canada specification non-turbo models, there is a conventional tire installed under the floor of the cargo area.
(cid:132) Wheel alignment
Item
2.5-liter non-turbo models
2.5-liter turbo models
Drive system Toe
Camber
Front Rear Front Rear
AWD
0 (cid:114) 0.12 in (0 (cid:114) 3 mm)
0.079 (cid:114) 0.12 in (2 (cid:114) 3 mm)
–0(cid:113)25’ (cid:114) 45’
–0(cid:113)50’ (cid:114) 45’
–0(cid:113)55’ (cid:114) 45’
12-6 Specifications
Fuses and circuits
(cid:132) Fuse panel located behind the instrument pan-
el
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20212223
C00000
Fuse panel
Fuse rating
Circuit
10
11
12
13
14
15A
15A
15A
15A
10A
15A
15A
30A
15A
10A
15A
10A
20A
10A
(cid:121) Heater fan
(cid:121) Heater fan
(cid:121) Power door lock (cid:121) Remote keyless entry
(cid:121) Power outlet (front) (cid:121) Remote controlled rear view mirrors
(cid:121) Tail light (cid:121) Parking light
(cid:121) SRS airbag
(cid:121) Fog light
(cid:121) ABS
(cid:121) Radio
—
(cid:121) Engine ignition system (cid:121) SRS airbag (cid:121) AT control system
(cid:121) Illumination brightness control
(cid:121) Wiper deicer (cid:121) Outside mirror defogger
(cid:121) Meter
Fuse panel
Fuse rating
Circuit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
(cid:121) Windshield wiper and washer
(cid:121) Brake light
(cid:121) Air conditioner
(cid:121) Backup light (cid:121) Cruise control
(cid:121) Power outlet (cargo)
(cid:121) Rear window wiper and washer
(cid:121) Ignition coil (Non-turbo model only)
(cid:121) Seat heater
30A
20A
15A
15A
15A
15A
15A
15A
Empty
Specifications 12-7
– CONTINUED –
12-8 Specifications
(cid:132) Fuse panel located in the engine compartment
Fuse panel
Fuse rating
Circuit
10 11 12 13
C00105
14
1 2
A) FWD socket B) Main fuse
10
11
12
13
14
30A
30A
30A
30A
20A
15A
15A
10A
10A
15A
15A
20A
15A
10A
(cid:121) Radiator cooling fan (Main)
(cid:121) Radiator cooling fan (Sub)
(cid:121) ABS motor
(cid:121) Engine sensor (Non-turbo models
only)
(cid:121) Rear window defogger
(cid:121) Hazard warning flasher (cid:121) Horn
(cid:121) Turn signal lights
(cid:121) Automatic transmission control unit
(cid:121) Alternator
(cid:121) Headlight (right side)
(cid:121) Headlight (left side)
(cid:121) Lighting switch
(cid:121) Clock (cid:121) Interior light
(cid:121) Secondary air combination valve
(Turbo models only)
Specifications 12-9
Bulb chart
Description Headlight High beam Low beam
Wattage
Bulb type
12V-60W
9005 (HB3)
Canada-spec. 2.5XT 12V-35W 12V-55W All except Canada- spec. 2.5XT
12V-51W Front fog light 12V-21W Front turn signal light Parking light 12V-5W Side marker light (Front) 12V-5W Rear combination light
D2R H1
9006 (HB4) 1474
168
168Tail/stop light Turn signal light Tail/stop light Backup light
High mount stop light License plate light Cargo area light Dome light Map light
12V-21/5W 7443
12V-21W (Amber) 1474
12V-21/5W 7443
921
12V-16W 912
12V-13W 168
12V-5W 12V-15W – – 12V-8W 12V-8W –12-10 Specifications
Vehicle identification
1) Vehicle identification number 2) Emission control label 3) Vehicle identification number plate 4) Tire inflation pressure plate 5) Certification plate 6) Bar cord label (U.S. only) 7) Model number plate 8) Radio noise label (Canada only) 9) Fuel label
C00112
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
Tire information .................................................. 13-2
13-2
13-5
13-6
13-7
13-8Tire labeling ............................................................. Recommended tire inflation pressure .................. Glossary of tire terminology .................................. Tire care – maintenance and safety practices ..... Vehicle load limit – how to determine ................... Determining compatibility of tire and vehicle
load capacities ...................................................... 13-10
Adverse safety consequences of overloading
on handling and stopping and on tires .............. 13-11
Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit ........... 13-11
Uniform tire quality grading standards ............ 13-12
Treadwear ................................................................ 13-12
Traction AA, A, B, C ................................................ 13-12
Temperature A, B, C ............................................... 13-12
Reporting safety defects (USA) ......................... 13-1313
13-2 Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
For U.S.A. The following information has been com- piled according to Code of Federal Regu- lations “Title 49, Part 575â€.
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
Tire information
(cid:132) Tire labeling Many markings (e.g. Tire size, Tire Identification Number or TIN) are placed on the sidewall of a tire by tire manufacturers. These marking can provide you with useful information on the tire. (cid:84) Tire size Your vehicle comes equipped with P- Metric tire size. It is important to un- derstand the sizing system in select- ing the proper tire for your vehicles. Here is a brief review of the tire sizing system with a breakdown of its indi- vidual elements. (cid:86) P Metric With the P-Metric system, Section Width is measured in millimeters. To convert millimeters into inches, divide by 25.4. The Aspect Ratio (Section Height divided by Section Width) helps provide more dimensional infor- mation about the tire size.
Example: P 215 / 60 R 16
(1) (5)(3)
(4)
(2)
(1) P = Certain tire type used on light duty vehicles such as passenger cars (2) Section Width in millimeters (3) Aspect Ratio (= section height (cid:121) section width). (4) R = Radial Construction (5) Rim diameter in inches (cid:86) Load and Speed Rating Descrip-
tions
The load and speed rating descrip- tions will appear following the size designation. They provide two important facts about the tire. First, the number des- ignation is its load index. Second, the letter designation indicates the tire’s speed rating. Example: P 215 / 60 R 16 94 H (7)
Size designation
(6)
(6) Load Index: A numerical code
which specifies the maximum load a tire can carry at the speed indicated by its speed symbol, at maximum in- flation pressure. For example, “94†means 1,477 lbs (670 kg).
Load indices apply only to the tire, not to the vehicle. Putting a load rated tire on any vehicle does not mean the vehicle can be loaded up to the tire’s rated load.
(7) Speed Rating: An alphabetical system describing a tire’s capability to travel at established and predeter- mined speeds. For example, “H†means 130 mph (210 km/h)
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects 13-3
(cid:121) Speed ratings apply only to the tire, not to the vehicle. Put- ting a speed rated tire on any vehicle does not mean the ve- hicle can be operated at the tire’s rated speed.
(cid:121) The speed rating is void if the tires are worn out, damaged, repaired, retreaded, or other- wise altered from their original condition. If tires are repaired, retreaded, or otherwise al- tered, they may not be suitable for original equipment tire de- signed loads and speeds.
(cid:84) Tire Identification Number (TIN) Tire Identification Number (TIN) is marked on the intended outboard sidewall. The TIN is composed of four groups. Here is a brief review of the TIN with a breakdown of its individual elements. DOT XX XX XXX XXXX
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Identification
(1) Manufacturer’s Mark (2) Tire Size (3) Tire Type Code (4) Date of Manufacture The first two figures identify the week, starting with “01†to represent the first full week of the calendar year; the second two figures represent the year. For example, 0101 means the 1st week of 2001. (cid:84) Other markings The placed on the sidewall. (cid:86) Maximum permissible inflation
following makings are also
pressure
The maximum cold inflation pressure to which this tire may be inflated. For example, “300 kpa (44 PSI) MAX. PRESS†(cid:86) Maximum load rating The load rating at the maximum per- missible weight load for this tire. For example, “MAX. LOAD 670 kg (1477
LBS) @ 300 kpa (44 PSI) MAX. PRESS.â€â€“ CONTINUED –
13-4 Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
Maximum load rating applies only to the tire, not to the vehi- cle. Putting a load rated tire on any vehicle does not mean the vehicle can be loaded up to the tire’s rated load. (cid:86) Construction type Applicable construction of this tire. For example, “TUBELESS STEEL BELTED RADIAL†(cid:86) Construction The generic name of each cord mate- rial used in the plies (both sidewall and tread area) of this tire. For example, “PLIES: SIDEWALL POLYESTER 1 TREAD POLYES- TER 1 + STEEL 2 + NYLON 1†(cid:86) Uniform Tire Quality Grading
(UTQG)
For details, refer to “Uniform tire qual- ity grading standards†in this chapter.
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects 13-5
(cid:132) Recommended tire inflation pressure (cid:84) Recommended cold tire inflation pressure Recommended cold tire inflation pressure for your vehicle’s tires is as follows,
Tire size Wheel size Pressure
Front
Rear
Light load Full load Light load Full load Trailer towing
P215/60R16 94H
16 (cid:117) 61/2 JJ or 16 (cid:117) 61/2 J
29 psi (200 kPa, 2.0 kgf/cm2) 29 psi (200 kPa, 2.0 kgf/cm2) 28 psi (190 kPa, 1.9 kgf/cm2) 36 psi (250 kPa, 2.5 kgf/cm2) 41 psi (280 kPa, 2.8 kgf/cm2)
P215/55R17 93H
17 (cid:117) 7 JJ
32 psi (220 kPa, 2.2 kgf/cm2) 32 psi (220 kPa, 2.2 kgf/cm2) 30 psi (210 kPa, 2.1 kgf/cm2) 32 psi (220 kPa, 2.2 kgf/cm2) 36 psi (250 kPa, 2.5 kgf/cm2)
Temporary spare tire
Size Pressure
T135/80D16
60 psi (420 kPa, 4.2 kgf/cm2)
– CONTINUED –
13-6 Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
(cid:84) Vehicle placard
800221
The vehicle placard is affixed to the driver’s side door pillar. Example:
D00115
The vehicle placard shows original tire size, recommended cold tire infla- tion pressure on each tire at maxi- mum loaded vehicle weight, seating capacity and loading information. (cid:84) Adverse safety consequences
of under-inflation
Driving at high speeds with exces- sively low tire pressures can cause the tires to flex severely and to rapidly become hot. A sharp increase in tem- perature could cause tread separa- tion, and failure of the tire(s). Possible resulting loss of vehicle control could lead to an accident. (cid:84) Measuring and adjusting air
pressure to achieve proper infla- tion
Check and, if necessary, adjust the pressure of each tire (including the spare) at least once a month and be- fore any long journey. Check the tire pressures when the tires are cold. Use a pressure gauge to adjust the tire pressures to the specific values. Driving even a short distance warms up the tires and increases the tire pressures. Also, the tire pressures
are affected by the outside tempera- ture. It is best to check tire pressure outdoors before driving the vehicle. When a tire becomes warm, the air in- side it expands, causing the tire pres- sure to increase. Be careful not to mistakenly release air from a warm tire to reduce its pressure.
(cid:132) Glossary of tire terminology (cid:121) Cold tire pressure The pressure in a tire that has been driven less than 1 mile or has been standing for three hours or more. (cid:121) Maximum inflation pressure The maximum cold inflation pressure to which a tire may be inflated. (cid:121) Recommended sure The cold inflation pressure recom- mended by a vehicle manufacturer. (cid:121) Intended outboard sidewall
inflation pres-
1)The sidewall that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same molding on the other sidewall of the tire, or 2)The outward facing sidewall of an
asymmetrical tire that has a particu- lar side that must always face out- ward when mounting on a vehicle.
including
(cid:121) Accessory weight The combined weight (in excess of those standard items which may be replaced) of floor mats, leather seats and cross bars to the extent that these items are available as factory-in- stalled equipment (whether installed or not). (cid:121) Curb weight The weight of a motor vehicle with standard equipment the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant and air conditioning. (cid:121) Maximum loaded vehicle weight The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight and production options weight. (cid:121) Normal occupant weight 150 lbs (68 kg) times the number of occupants (3 occupants). (cid:121) Occupant distribution Distribution of occupants in a vehicle, 2 in front, 1 in rear seat. (cid:121) Production options weight The combined weight of those in- stalled regular production options
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects 13-7
weighing over 5.1 lbs (2.3 kg) in ex- cess of those standards items which they replace, not previously consid- ered in curb weight or accessory weight. (cid:121) Vehicle capacity weight The total weight of cargo, luggage and occupants that can be added to the vehicle. (cid:121) Vehicle maximum load on a tire Load on an individual tire that is deter- mined by distributing to each axle its share of the maximum loaded vehicle weight and dividing by two. (cid:121) Vehicle normal load on a tire Load on an individual tire that is deter- mined by distributing to each axle its share of the curb weight, accessory weight, and normal occupant weight and dividing by two.
(cid:132) Tire care – maintenance and
safety practices
(cid:121) Check on a daily basis that the tires are free from serious damage, nails, and stones. At the same time, check the tires for abnormal wear. (cid:121) Inspect the tire tread regularly and replace the tires before their tread
wear indicators become visible. When a tire’s tread wear indicator becomes visible, the tire is worn beyond the ac- ceptable limit and must be replaced immediately. With a tire in this condi- tion, driving at even low speeds in wet weather can cause the vehicle to hy- droplane. Possible resulting loss of vehicle control can lead to an acci- dent. (cid:121) To maximize the life of each tire and ensure that the tires wear uniformly, it is best to rotate the tires every 7,500
miles (12,500 km). Rotating the tires involves switching the front and rear tires on the right-hand side of the ve- hicle and similarly switching the front and rear tires on the left-hand side of the vehicle. (Each tire must be kept on its original side of the vehicle.) Re- place any damaged or unevenly worn tire at the time of rotation. After tire ro- tation, adjust the tire pressures and make sure the wheel nuts are correct- ly tightened. A tightening torque spec- ification and a tightening sequence specification for the wheel nuts can be found “Flat tires†in Chapter 9.– CONTINUED –
13-8 Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
(cid:132) Vehicle load limit – how to de-
termine
The load capacity of your vehicle is determined by weight, not by avail- able cargo space. The load limit of your vehicle is shown on the vehicle placard attached to the driver’s side B-pillar. Locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs†on your vehicle’s placard. The vehicle placard also shows seat- ing capacity of your vehicle. The total load capacity includes the total weight of driver and all passen- gers and their belongings, any cargo, any optional equipment such as a trailer hitch, roof rack or bike carrier, etc., and the tongue load of a trailer. Therefore cargo capacity can be cal- culated by the following method. Cargo capacity = Load limit – (total weight of occupants + total weight of optional equipment + tongue load of a trailer (if applicable)) For towing capacity information and weight limits, refer to “Trailer towing†in Chapter 8.
(cid:84) Calculating total and load capac- ities varying seating configura- tions
Calculate the available load capacity as shown in the following examples: Example 1A
D00106
Vehicle capacity weight of the vehicle is 900 lbs (408 kg), which is indicated on the vehicle placard with the state- ment “The combined weight of occu- pants and cargo should never exceed 900 lbs or 408 kgâ€. For example, if the vehicle has one occupant weighing 154 lbs (70 kg) plus cargo weighing 662 lbs (300 kg).
1. Calculate the total weight. Total weight = 154 lbs (70 kg) + 662 lbs (300 kg)
(Occupant)
= 816 lbs (370 kg)
(Cargo)
2. Calculate the available load capac- ity by subtracting the total weight from the vehicle capacity weight of 900 lbs (408 kg).
3. The result of step 2 shows that a further 84 lbs (38 kg) of cargo can be carried.
Example 1B
2. Calculate the available load capac- ity.
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects 13-9
3. The total weight now exceeds the capacity weight by 92 lbs (42 kg), so the cargo weight must be reduced by 92 lbs (42 kg) or more. Example 2A
on the vehicle placard with the state- ment “The combined weight of occu- pants and cargo should never exceed 408 kg or 900 lbsâ€. For example, the vehicle has one oc- cupant weighing 165 lbs (75 kg) plus cargo weighing 375 lbs (170 kg). In addition, the vehicle is fitted with a trailer hitch weighing 22 lbs (10 kg), to which is attached a trailer weighing 1,764 lbs (800 kg). 10% of the trailer weight is applied to the trailer tongue (i.e. Tongue load = 176 lbs (80 kg)). 1. Calculate the total weight.
Total weight = 165 lbs (75 kg) + 375 lbs (170 kg)
(Occupant)
(Cargo)
+ 22 lbs (10 kg) + 176 lbs (80 kg) (Tongue load)
(Trailer hitch)
= 738 lbs (335 kg)
D00108
2. Calculate the available load capac- ity.
Vehicle capacity weight of the vehicle is 900 lbs (408 kg), which is indicated
– CONTINUED –
D00107
For example, if a person weighing 176
lbs (80 kg) now enters the same vehi- cle (bringing the number of occupants to two), the calculations are as fol- lows: 1. Calculate the total weight.Total weight = 154 lbs (70 kg) + 176 lbs (80 kg)
(Occupant)
+ 662 lbs (300 kg)
(Cargo)
= 992 lbs (450 kg)
13-10 Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
the vehicle for the child to use, the cal- culations are as follows: 1. Calculate the total weight.
capacity weight by 32 lbs (15 kg), so the cargo weight must be reduced by 32 lbs (15 kg) or more.
3. The result of step 2 shows that a further 162 lbs (73 kg) of cargo can be carried. Example 2B
Total weight = 165 lbs (75 kg) + 143 lbs (65 kg)
(Occupant)
+ 40 lbs (18 kg) (Occupant)
+ 11 lbs (5 kg) + 375 lbs (170 kg)
(Child restraint)
(Cargo)
+ 22 lbs (10 kg) + 176 lbs (80 kg) (Tongue load)
(Trailer hitch)
= 932 lbs (423 kg)
2. Calculate the available load capac- ity.
D00109
For example, if a person weighing 143
lbs (65 kg) and a child weighing 40 lbs (18 kg) now enter the same vehicle (bringing the number of occupants to three), and a child restraint system weighing 11 lbs (5 kg) is installed in3. The total weight now exceeds the
(cid:132) Determining compatibility of tire and vehicle load capaci- ties
The sum of four tires’ maximum load ratings must exceed the maximum loaded vehicle weight (“GVWRâ€). In addition, sum of the maximum load ratings of two front tires and of two rear tires must exceed each axle’s maximum loaded capacity (“GAWRâ€). Original equipment tires are designed to fulfill those conditions. The maximum loaded vehicle weight is referred to Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). And each axle’s maximum loaded capacity is referred to Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). The GVWR and each axle’s GAWR are shown on the vehicle cer- tification label affixed to the driver’s door. The GVWR and front and rear GAWRs are determined by not only the maximum load rating of tires but also loaded capacities of the vehicle’s
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects 13-11
ferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduc- es the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.
suspension, axles and other parts of the body. Therefore, this means that the vehicle cannot necessarily be loaded up to the tire’s maximum load rating on the tire sidewall.
(cid:132) Adverse safety consequenc- es of overloading on handling and stopping and on tires
Overloading could affect vehicle han- dling, stopping distance, vehicle and tire as shown in the following. This could lead to an accident and possibly result in severe personal injury. (cid:121) Vehicle stability will deteriorate. (cid:121) Heavy and/or high-mounted loads could increase the risk of rollover. (cid:121) Stopping distance will increase. (cid:121) Brakes could overheat and fail. (cid:121) Suspension, bearings, axles and other parts of the body could break or experience accelerated wear that will shorten vehicle life. (cid:121) Tires could fail. (cid:121) Tread separation could occur. (cid:121) Tire could separate from its rim.
(cid:132) Steps for Determining Cor-
rect Load Limit
1. Locate the statement “The com- bined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX pounds†on your vehicle’s placard. 2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle. 3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds. 4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and lug- gage load capacity. For example, if the “XXX†amount equals 1,400 lbs (635kg). and there will be five- 150 lbs (68 kg) passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1,400 – 750 (5 (cid:117) 150) = 650 lbs) 5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safe- ly exceed the available cargo and lug- gage load capacity calculated in Step 4. 6. If your vehicle will be towing a trail- er, load from your trailer will be trans-
13-12 Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
Uniform tire quality grading standards
This information indicates the relative performance of passenger car tires in the area of treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. This is to aid the consumer in making an informed choice in the purchase of tires. Quality grades can be found where applicable on the tire sidewall be- tween tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Tem- perature A The quality grades apply to new pneu- matic tires for use on passenger cars. However, they do not apply to deep tread, winter type snow tires, space- saver or temporary use spare tires, tires with nominal rim diameters of 12
inches or less, or to some limited pro- duction tires. All passenger car tires must confirm to Federal Safety Requirements in addition to these grades.(cid:132) Treadwear The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled con- ditions on a specified government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and one-half (1-1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative perfor- mance of tires depends upon the ac- tual conditions of their use, however, and may depart significantly from the norm due to variations in driving hab- its, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.
(cid:132) Traction AA, A, B, C The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B and C. Those grades represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on speci- fied government test surfaces of as- phalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance.
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on straight- ahead braking traction tests, and does not include accelera- tion, cornering, hydroplaning, or peak traction characteristics.
(cid:132) Temperature A, B, C The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled condi- tions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high tempera- ture can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corre- sponds to a level of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of per- formance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects 13-13
DC 20590. You can also obtain other information about motor ve- hicle safety from http://www.safercar.gov.
The temperature grade for this tire is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not over- loaded. Excessive speed, under- inflation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combina- tion, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure.
Reporting safety defects (USA)
If you believe that your vehicle has a defect which could cause a crash or could cause injury or death, you should immediately in- form the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in addition to notifying Subaru of America, Inc. If NHTSA receives similar com- plaints, it may open an investiga- tion, and if it finds that a safety de- fect exists in a group of vehicles, it may order a recall and remedy campaign. However, NHTSA can- not become involved in individual problems between you, your deal- er, or Subaru of America, Inc. To contact NHTSA, you may call the Vehicle Safety Hotline toll-free at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424- 9153); go to http://www.safercar.gov; or write to: Administrator, NHTSA, 400
Seventh Street, SW., Washington,Index
14
14-2 Index
ABS .................................................................................. 7-16
Warning light ....................................................... 3-13, 7-17
Accessory power outlets .................................................... 6-8
Active head restraint ........................................................... 1-6
Air cleaner element ........................................................ 11-15
Air filtration system ........................................................... 4-12
Alarm system .................................................................... 2-12
All-Wheel Drive warning light (AT vehicles) ..................... 3-15
