2002 Saab 9 3 Owners Manual

When the car is stationary, the engine must be idling when the selector lever is moved. You must have your foot on the brake pedal to move the lever out of park. If the accelerator is depressed while the lever is moved, this will result in abnormal wear in the transmission.

NOTE

After selecting a drive position, pause briefly to allow the gear to engage (the car starts to pull a little) before you acceler- ate.

Selector lever 1 Catch 2 Button for SPORT position 3 Button for WINTER position

The electronic control module for the auto- matic transmission receives information on engine torque and road speed. It also con- trols the hydraulic pressure in the transmis- sion to ensure that gear changing is as smooth as possible. The position of the selector lever is shown by the symbols adjacent to the lever and also by an indicator on the main instrument panel. The ignition key can only be removed when the selector lever is in the P position.

R N D 3 2 1

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157

Adaptive gear change pattern is a func- tion of the Normal and Sport modes. It allows gear changing to be suited to the pre- vailing driving conditions. The transmission control module senses the engine load and temperature of the transmission and selects one of the four available gear change pat- terns. Unnecessary gear changes and undesired temperature increases in the transmission are avoided.

Indication of gear position on the main instrument panel

Detent positions for selector movement

The Winter mode is intended for use when pulling away and driving on icy roads. In this mode, the transmission starts in 3rd gear, to provide better grip, and the WINTER indica- tor appears on the main instrument panel. When the ignition is turned to OFF, the auto- matic transmission will automatically revert to Normal mode (see page 162).

The detent button on the selector lever has to be pressed before the selector can be moved between certain positions. Three modes for the automatic transmis- sion can be selected: Normal, Sport and Winter. The Normal mode, which provides the best fuel economy, is the default setting when the engine is started. Sport mode alters the angle of the throttle valve for increased power compared to the same accelerator position in Normal mode. This means gear changes are made to opti- mize the car’s performance. The SPORT indicator light is shown on the main instru- ment panel; see page 162).

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Starting and driving

Lock-up function The automatic transmission has a lock-up function, which renders the torque con- verter inoperative in 3rd and 4th gears. The result is reduction in the engine speed and, hence, fuel consumption. When the lock-up function comes into oper- ation, it may give the impression of an over- drive being engaged. Kick-down When the accelerator is pressed down hard, a downshift to the next lower gear will occur to provide maximum acceleration, e.g. for overtaking. The change-up to the next gear again will take place either when the accelerator is released or when maximum engine speed for that gear is reached.

Park Brake Shift Lock The transmission has a safety function called Park Brake Shift Lock. For the selec- tor lever to be moved out of the P position, the brake pedal must be depressed at the same time as the detent button is lifted. Park Brake Shift Lock override

NOTE

If a problem arises with the shift lock mechanism, it may not be possible to move the selector out of the park position, even if the ignition is ON. If for some reason the selector has to be moved out of the park position (i.e. to tow the car a short distance) do as described below.

1 Apply the parking brake. 2 Make sure the key is in the ON position. 3 Use a small tool such as a screwdriver and push the lever downwards so that the detent button can be pressed approx. 10 mm.

4 Move the selector out of position P to N. 5 Remove the tool. 6 Release the parking brake if the car is to be moved immediately; otherwise keep it applied.

Check fuse No. 12 (see page 208). If the fuse is OK, check the battery voltage. If the problem was cured by changing the fuse or battery, you do not have to contact a Saab dealer. If the fuse blows again as soon as the Shift Lock feature is activated you should contact your Saab dealer.

Automatic transmission fault indicator

NOTE

If the symbol appears on the main instru- ment panel, the system has detected a fault in the automatic transmission or its control module (see page 64). This also means that the Limp-home mode has been selected, to guard against further damage being done to the transmission. In this mode, the automatic transmission starts in 4th gear, and gear changes (if nec- essary) will have to be made manually. It is not possible to select the SPORT or WINTER mode when the Limp-home mode is active. You should have the automatic transmis- sion checked as soon as possible by an authorized Saab dealer. The following gears will be engaged in the respective selector positions when the auto- matic transmission is in the Limp-home mode:

Position R

Gear

Reverse 4th 4th 3rd 3rd

If the control module has actuated the Limp-home function for the automatic transmission, the car will remain in 4th gear when D and 3 are selected, making it very sluggish. To overcome this, move the selector lever to position 1. The trans- mission then starts in 3rd gear. When the car is moving you can select position D or 3.

Overheated transmission oil If the transmission oil becomes overheated while driving, the following message appears on the SID: TRANSMISSION OVERHEATING. In this event, stop the car in a suitable place, switch off the engine, open the hood and wait until the message goes out. When driving subsequent to the transmission oil overheating, select either 3rd gear or Drive, whichever will allow the engine to run at 3,000 rpm and maintain the speed of traffic or a safe speed. The transmission oil can become very hot when the car is driven with a heavy load; for example, driving with a trailer on hilly roads when the wrong gear has been selected, resulting in many extra gear changes. Select one of the positions 1, 2 or 3. A high outside temperature or a defective oil cooler can also cause the oil temperature to increase. Contact an authorized Saab dealer, see also page 173.

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159

Driving in hilly country with a heavy load Overheating of the automatic-transmission fluid can occur when the car is towing a heavy load, such as a trailer in hilly country, with the wrong gear selected, resulting in abnormally frequent gear changing. To avoid the transmission oil from overheating always drive in Normal mode, then the adaptive gear change pattern is active. High ambient temperatures can also increase the temperature of the transmis- sion fluid or the oil cooler may be faulty. As the transmission fluid temperature increases, its useful service life is reduced. Contact an authorized Saab dealer (see also page 173).

WARNING

Remember to use engine-braking (selec- tor position 1, 2, or 3) to spare the brakes when you are driving on a long or steep downhill slope. Brake failure can result from overheated brakes!

Towing Towing a car with automatic transmission, see page 181.

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Starting and driving

Selector positions

To shift out of the P position you must depress the brake pedal and the ignition must be OFF. The parking position (P) must only be selected when the car is at a complete standstill. The selec- tor lever is locked and the transmission is mechanically immobilized. Always apply the park- ing brake after parking the car. The engine can be started. The reverse (R) position must only be selected when the car is at a complete standstill. The detent-release button must be pressed before the selector lever can be moved to R. Wait until reverse gear has engaged (car starts to creep) before touching the accelerator.

In the Neutral position (N), the transmission is dis- engaged from the engine. The engine can be started, but first ensure that the parking brake is on, to prevent the car from moving off unexpect- edly. To prevent the engine and transmission from becoming hotter than necessary, select N for stops other than brief ones, e.g. if stuck in a traffic jam. The normal drive position (D) is recommended for waiting at traffic lights.

The Drive position (D) is the position for normal motoring. Gear changes between 1st and 4th will take place automatically, the timing of which is determined by the throttle (accelerator) position and the speed of the car. After moving the selector lever to D, pause to give the gear time to engage (car starts to pull). In position 3, 4th gear is locked out. The car will start in 1st gear and normal gear changing (up and down) will take place automatically between gears 1, 2 and 3. Moving the selector lever from D to 3 will cause a downshift to 3rd gear, which will give better engine-braking. Do not move the selector to position 3 at speeds in excess of 90 mph (150 km/h). Position 2 is recommended in hilly country as it provides effective engine-braking. Normal gear changing (up and down) between 1st and 2nd gear will take place automatically. Third and 4th gears are locked out. Do not move the selector to position 2 at speeds in excess of 70 mph (110 km/h). Position 1 should be used when maximum engine-braking is required on steep downhill slopes. Do not move the selector to position 1 at speeds in excess of 30 mph (50 km/h).

If the gear selector lever is moved from position D to 1, a change-down to 3rd gear will occur at about 110 mph (180 km/h). A change-down to 2nd gear will occur at about 75 mph (120 km/h) and to 1st gear at about 40 mph (65 km/h). When position 1 is selected, all the other gears will be locked out. Manual gear-changing is not recommended on slippery roads. If one of the drive wheels spins excessively, the engine torque will be reduced to avoid damaging the transmission.

NOTE

(cid:127) Do not move the selector to position 3 at speeds in excess of

90 mph (150 km/h).

(cid:127) Do not move the selector to position 2 at speeds in excess of

70 mph (110 km/h).

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161

Adaptive gear-change patterns Adaptive gear-change patterns are selected automatically depend- ing on the engine load. This function applies in the Normal and Sport modes. The change occurs at a higher rotation speed and the gear remains engaged for a longer period, if the control module senses that the load does not drop. These change patterns avoid unnecessary gear changes when, for example, driving on long inclines with a trailer, and to prevent overheating of the transmission oil. This function cuts in automatically if the oil becomes too hot, to protect the transmis- sion from damage, and lowers the oil temperature. The adaptive change pattern function is not activated at speeds over 93 mph (150 km/h). If a pattern is in operation when this speed is exceeded, it will be maintained until the control module senses that a more suitable one can be activated. The adaptive gear-change pattern function is deselected when: (cid:127) Winter mode is selected. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The load is reduced by so much that this function is no longer

required.

“Automatic transmission fault indicator” appears on the

main instrument panel, see page 159.

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Starting and driving

The SPORT and WINTER modes

To select Sport mode, press the ”S” button on the selector lever when the selector lever is in position N, D, 3, 2 or 1. In this mode, gear changes will take place at higher engine speeds than in Normal mode, in other words, the transmission will shift up later and shift down earlier for the same throttle (accel- erator) position. The Sport mode will be deselected if: (cid:127) The S button is pressed. (cid:127) The selector lever is moved to position P or R. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The Winter mode is selected.

“Automatic transmission fault indicator” appears on main instrument panel, see page 159.

To select Winter mode, press the “W“ button. The Winter mode facilitates starting off and driving on icy roads. Third gear is selected automatically for starting off to reduce wheelspin. Winter mode can be selected when the engine is running by pressing the ”W” button on the selec- tor-lever surround. It cannot be selected when the selector lever is in position 2 or 1. Note: It is still possible to use kick-down in the Winter mode, in which case a change-down to 2nd or 1st will take place. The Winter mode will be deselected if: (cid:127) The W button is pressed. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The selector lever is moved to position 2 or 1. (cid:127) The automatic-transmission fluid overheats.

“Automatic transmission fault indicator” appears on main instrument panel, see page 159.

(cid:127) (cid:127) Cruise Control

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not use the Cruise-control system on wet or icy roads, in dense traffic or on winding roads

(cid:127) To prevent the system being activated inadvertently, set the control to OFF when you do not want to use the system

For safety reasons (brake system func- tion) the brakes must be applied once, when the engine has started, before the cruise control system can be activated. The system is operated by means of the controls on the stalk switch: (cid:127) OFF (system is disconnected; the system

is always in the OFF position when the engine is started).

(cid:127) ON (system switched on). (cid:127) SET/+ (to set the desired speed). (cid:127) CANCEL (cancel operation of system,

e.g. to reduce speed temporarily). (cid:127) RESUME/– (resume preset speed). When the system is ON, the CRUISE indi- cator light will appear on the main instru- ment panel and will be extinguished when the system is switched OFF. If CANCEL is selected, CRUISE will flash off once.

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163

Temporary increase in speed Press the accelerator to override the preset speed, e.g. for overtaking. When you release the accelerator, the system will revert to the preset speed. To cancel temporarily Move the control stalk to CANCEL (spring-loaded position before OFF posi- tion). This will disengage the system but the preset speed will be retained in the system memory. (The memory is deleted when the engine is switched off.) To re-engage the system To revert to the preset speed, slide the switch to RESUME/–. This will only operate when the car’s speed is above 25 mph (40 km/h). To reduce the preset speed The cruise-control system will always disen- gage automatically the moment that either the brake pedal or the clutch pedal is depressed. It is also possible to reduce the speed by: (cid:127) Sliding the button to RESUME/– once will

reduce the speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h).

(cid:127) Holding the button in the RESUME/–

position will effect a gradual reduction in speed until the button is released.

To set the desired speed Move the switch to ON. Accelerate to the desired speed (minimum speed: 25 mph (40 km/h) and press SET/+. To increase the preset speed Accelerate to the desired speed and press SET/+. You can also increase the speed of the car using the SET/+ button. Press it once to increase the speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h) or hold it in and release when the desired speed is reached.

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Starting and driving

Disengaging the system The system will be disengaged: (cid:127) When the brake or clutch pedal is

depressed.

(cid:127) When the switch is moved to CANCEL. (cid:127) When the switch is moved to OFF. (cid:127) When the engine is switched off. (cid:127) When the selector lever is moved to posi- tion N (cars with automatic transmission).

Braking To avoid overheating the brakes, (e.g. when negotiating long descents with a drop of several hundred feet), select a low gear to use the braking effect of the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, move the selector lever to position 1 or 2. When driving fast, you can help to prolong the life of the brakes by thinking ahead and braking harder for short periods, rather than braking more moderately over long stretches. Brake pad wear indicators The outboard brake pads on the front wheels incorporate pad-wear indicators. When the lining is down to 3 mm, the pad will produce a screeching, squealing or scraping noise when the brakes are applied. New pads should be installed without delay. Brake pads should only be replaced by an authorized Saab dealer. To ensure optimum brake performance, it is recommended that you use only Saab original brake pads.

WARNING

(cid:127) It is prudent to try your brakes from

time to time, especially when driving in heavy rain, through water collected on the road, in snow, on a wet road sur- face or in salty slush. In such condi- tions, the brakes may take longer than normal to take effect. To rectify this, touch the brake pedal periodically to dry the brakes out.

(cid:127) The same applies after the car has

been washed or when the weather is very humid.

(cid:127) Avoid parking the car with wet brakes. Before parking, and if the traffic condi- tions allow, brake quite heavily so that the brake discs and pads warm up and dry.

(cid:127) The brakes are power assisted and it should be kept in mind that the servo unit only provides the power assis- tance when the engine is running.

(cid:127) The brake pressure required when the

engine is off,( e.g. when the car is being towed) is roughly four times the normal pedal force required. The pedal also feels hard and unrespon- sive.

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165

ABS braking - confirmation that the sys- tem is operating

Braking with ABS - evasive steering

The ABS system will not reduce the braking distance on loose gravel or on snow or ice but, because the wheels cannot lock up, some steering control is retained. When the ABS system is working, i.e. mod- ulation of the brake pressure is in progress, the brake pedal will pulsate and a ticking noise will be heard. All this is perfectly nor- mal. Press the pedal down hard (you cannot press too hard) and steer the car to safety.

Do not release the brake pedal before the car has come to a halt or the danger is past! This is critical. If the road is slippery, the ABS system will operate even when only light pressure is applied to the pedal. This means that you can brake gently to test the condition of the road and adapt your driving accordingly. It is well worth practising the use of ABS brakes on a skid pad or other suitable facil- ity.

ABS brakes

WARNING

(cid:127) The additional safety afforded by the ABS system is not designed to allow drivers to drive faster but to make normal driving safer.

(cid:127) To stop as quickly as possible, without

loss of directional stability, whether the road surface is dry, wet or slippery, press the brake pedal down hard without letting up (do not pump the pedal), declutching simulta- neously, and steer the car to safety.

ABS (Antilock Braking System) modulates the brake pressure to the respective wheels. Wheel sensors detect if a wheel is about to lock, and the control module reduces the pressure to that wheel and then increases it once more until the tendency is detected again. The brake system is equipped with an Elec- tronic Brake-force Distribution device (EBD), which distributes the brake pressure between the front and rear wheels in such a way as to achieve optimum braking per- formance irrespective of the car’s speed and load. The ABS system has a built-in diagnostic function which will switch on the ABS warn- ing light if a fault is detected in the system (see page 62).

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166
Traction Control System How the system works The traction control system (TCS) is designed to minimize wheelspin. This enables the car to achieve the best possible grip and, hence, maximum tractive effort, together with greater stability. The TCS system uses information from the ABS system’s wheel sensors to detect when the front (driving) wheels are rotating faster then the rear wheels. It then monitors whether one driving wheel is rotating faster than the other. If so, the faster wheel is retarded until both wheels are rotating at the same speed. If the two front wheels are rotating at the same speed but are turning faster than the rear wheels, the torque from the engine is reduced to eliminate the difference. The process continues until all the wheels are rotating at the same speed.

TCS OFF The panel will come on:

indicator on the main instrument

If a fault has been detected and the system has therefore been switched off. If there is a fault in the ABS system. If the system has been switched off man- ually.

The indicator light will also come on for 4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to ON, while an internal system check is per- formed. TCS indicator The the system is operative, i.e. when the wheels are not rotating at the same speed. The fact that the TCS system is operative indicates that the limit for grip has been exceeded and that the driver must exert greater care.

in the tachometer comes on when

The advantages of the TCS system become most apparent when the cohesion between the front wheels and the road surface is so low that one or both of the wheels would lose their grip were the car not equipped with the TCS, e.g.: (cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing with the front wheels on different sur- faces (e.g. one slippery and one dry). The TCS then functions like an electronic dif- ferential lock.

(cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing on a slippery road, in which case the TCS eliminates wheelspin. The same applies when the car is reversing.

(cid:127) On cornering, if there is a tendency for the inner front wheel to rotate faster than the other wheels. (cid:127) On overtaking.

WARNING

When driving normally, the TCS helps to imrove the safety of the car. This does not mean that car can be driven faster. The same care and prudence normally applied should be displayed on corner- ing and when driving on slippery roads.

(cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127)  is switched on automatically when

Turning the TCS off The the engine is started. The system can be switched off manually by on the the TCS button, whereupon main instrument panel will come on. The TCS system cannot be switched off if the car is travelling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). It may be necessary to switch off the system if the car has become bogged down, for instance. Press TCS to switch it on again. If a fault is detected in the ABS system, the TCS will be switched off automatically. The cruise-control system will automatically be disengaged after one second if it is active when the TCS starts to operate.

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Parking

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not leave children or pets unat- tended in the car. In warm, sunny weather, the temperature inside the car can reach 160–180°F (70–80°C). (cid:127) Park where the vehicle will not create

an obstruction or a hazard to other road users.

(cid:127) Do not park on dry grass or other com-

bustible material. The catalytic con- verter gets very hot and could start a fire.

(cid:127) Apply the parking brake. (cid:127) Shift into Reverse for manual trans-

mission; for automatic transmission: move selector lever to P (Park)), and remove the ignition key. Lock the car.

NOTE

Saab 9-3 Viggen: The body design together with the relatively low ground clearance of the car means that great care must be taken during parking to avoid damage to the under part of the bumper.

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Starting and driving

Parking brake The parking brake lever is located between the front seats. The brake acts on the rear wheels. When the parking brake is on, the indicator lamp on the main instrument panel will be lit. To release the brake, lift the lever slightly, press the pawl button, and let the lever down.

WARNING

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake when

the car is parked.

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before removing the ignition key.

(cid:127) Never use the parking brake while the

car is moving.

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169

(cid:127) Wash and wax the car. Clean the rubber seals on the hood, trunk lid and doors, and lubricate them with glycerol (glyc- erin).

(cid:127) After washing the car, dry the brake discs

by taking the car out on the road and applying the brakes a few times. If the traf- fic conditions allow, brake quite heavily just before parking.

(cid:127) Fill the fuel tank with fuel to prevent con-

densation forming in it.

(cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti-

freeze before the onset of winter. (cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and

well-ventilated building. Leave the park- ing brake OFF!

(cid:127) Disconnect the negative (-) battery lead.

If freezing temperatures are likely to occur during the long-term parking, remove the battery and store it away from freezing temperatures. Ideally, the car should be put up on blocks, with the wheels off the ground. If this is not possible, inflate the tires to about 43 psi (300 kPa).

(cid:127) Leave all the windows open a crack and cover the car with a fabric tarpaulin - not one made of plastic which will not breath.

1 Pointing downhill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels into the curb and edge the car for- ward until the wheels touch the curb.

2 Pointing uphill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels away from the curb and edge the car back until the wheels touch the curb.

3 Pointing uphill or down-

hill – no curb – Turn the wheels towards the edge of the road. If the car should start rolling, it will not run into the road.

Parking on a hill When parking on a steep hill, turn the front wheels so that they will be blocked by the curb if the car should move.

Long-term parking If the car is not going to be used for some time, e.g. 3–4 months, the following steps are recommended: (cid:127) Run the engine to normal temperature

before long-term parking.

(cid:127) Drain the washer-fluid reservoir and

hoses.

(cid:127) 170
Starting and driving Economical motoring Factors affecting fuel consumption Fuel consumption is greatly affected by the general driving conditions, the way in which the car is driven and at what speeds, the weather, the state of the road, the condition of the car, etc. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000– 4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km). Weather conditions Fuel consumption can be as much as 10 % lower in summer than in winter. The higher consumption in cold weather is explained by the longer time it takes for the engine to reach normal operating temperature, and for the transmission and wheel bearings to warm up. Fuel economy is also affected by the distance driven: short journeys of 3-5 miles (5-8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach normal temperature. Strong winds can also affect fuel consump- tion.

WARNING

Never switch the engine off while driving as the effect of the brakes and power steering will be greatly reduced.

Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature

How to read the graph: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10l/100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 68°F (20°C) (increase of 20%)

– 17.7 mpg (16l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 32°F (0°C) (increase of 60%)

– 14 mpg (20l/100 km)) at outside temp. of

–4°F (–20°C) (increase of 100%)

As can be seen, both the distance travelled by the car and the outside temperature have a major impact on fuel consumption after

the engine has started from cold. Thus, if the car is mainly used for short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km), the fuel consumption will be 60–80 % higher than normal. Driving technique (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, not only regarding fuel consumption but gen- eral wear also, regular service is required.

(cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration,

heavy braking and much low gear work all gives rise to higher fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a trailer all increase fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Do not run the engine when the car is sta-

tionary. If idling, it will take much longer before the engine becomes hot. Engine wear is greatest during this warming-up phase. Therefore drive away as soon as possible after the engine is started and avoid high revving.

(cid:127) Driving in a low gear results in higher fuel consumption than in a high gear because of the lower engine speed for a given road speed. Always change up to a higher gear as soon as traffic conditions allow and use the highest gear as much as possible.

(cid:127) Check the air pressure in the tires once a month. Incorrect pressures increase tire wear. It is better to have slightly higher pressure than lower.

(cid:127) Check fuel consumption regularly.

Increased consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

Practical tests on the roads have demon- strated that substantial savings in fuel con- sumption can be made if the above advice is heeded. Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill).

Engine block heater (standard equipment in Canada, accessory in U.S.) The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. Inside of car warms up faster.

(cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced

over short runs.

The engine block heater is effective with outside temperatures up to +60 – +70°F (+15 – +20°C). The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the heater need be con- nected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unneces- sary. If the car is equipped with a removable elec- trical cabin heater that is not in use, this should be stored in the luggage compart- ment.

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171

Driving in cold weather Before starting a journey in cold weather you should check the following: (cid:127) That the wiper blades have not become

frozen to the windshield/glass.

(cid:127) Brush any snow away from the air intake for the heater system (opening between hood and windshield). It may be advisable to lubricate the door-lock cylinder (use molybdenum disulphide, MoS2) to prevent its freezing. If the lock has frozen, take care not to break the key (or use the remote control) – heat it first or spray it with de-icer.

(cid:127) Periodically during the winter, add gaso- line anti-freeze to the fuel to dispel any condensation in the fuel tank which could freeze and cause problems in the system. Keep the tank well filled to reduce the risk of condensation forming. If the car is parked outside in freezing weather, fuel additives (gasoline anti-freeze) will not do any good as it cannot remove water that has already fro- zen. Park the car in a warm place so that any ice that may have built up melts, then add gasoline anti-freeze when filling up the tank. Condensation is caused by changes in the outdoor temperature or by the car being parked alternately in a garage and outside. It is particularly important when the roads are slippery that the brakes and tires be in good condition.

(cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) 172

Starting and driving

(cid:127) Check the anti-freeze in the engine cool-

ant, see page 192.

The car´s trip computer will warn you when there is a risk of slippery conditions. For fur- ther information on this function, see page 69. The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter (snow) tires be fitted. Winter (snow) tires, particularly studded tires (where use is legally permitted), gener- ally make driving safer on snow and ice.

Acquaint yourself with the legal provi- sions governing the use of different types of winter tires and snow chains. Studded tires are not allowed in some countries. If winter tires are installed, the same type must be installed on all wheels. Your Saab dealer will be pleased to advise you on the best tires for your car. Remember that tires age. It may therefore be necessary to change them before they reach the legal wear limit, as they gradually lose their friction properties. Date code, see page 214. The best response if the car gets into a front-wheel skid is to freewheel (manual gearbox only), i.e. disengage the clutch (so that the wheels are neither driven nor braked by the engine) and carefully steer the wheels in the direction you want to go. If the car has an automatic transmission you should lift off the accelerator somewhat and carefully steer the wheels in the direction you want to go. In a rear-wheel skid, steer into the skid, i.e. in the same direction as that in which the back is sliding.

Tire chains If you want to fit tire chains (where legally permitted) they should only be installed to the tires recommended under ”Technical data” (see page 242). Consult your Saab dealer for details about approved tire chains.

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not exceed 30 mph (50 km/h)

when tire chains are fitted.

(cid:127) Tire chains can reduce the directional

stability of the car.

(cid:127) Tire chains must not be used on the

rear wheels.

NOTE

(cid:127) Check the links frequently for wear. (cid:127) Check that the chains do not contact

the wheel-arch liner at full lock.

(cid:127) See section "Technical data", page

242, for information on allowable wheel dimensions for the fitting of tire chains.

Driving in hot weather (cid:127) Always check the coolant level before starting a journey. When the engine is cold, the coolant must not be above the KALT/COLD mark on the expansion tank. (cid:127) At the end of a journey, if the engine has

worked hard, allow it to idle for two or three minutes before switching it off. If the needle on the temperature gauge enters the red zone: 1 Bring the car to a standstill but leave the engine running. Do not remove the cap on the expansion tank even if the tank is empty. The engine temperature should decrease. If the temperature continues to rise with the engine idling, the engine must be switched off.

2 If the engine is idling and the needle on the temperature gauge falls, wait until a normal temperature is shown (about in the middle of the scale) before switching off the engine. If the coolant needs top- ping up, unscrew the cap on expansion tank carefully. Top up, as necessary, ideally with a 50/50 mixture of coolant and water. Use a Saab-approved coolant. If only water is available, use that, but remember to have the coolant mixture checked as soon as possible.

WARNING

Always undo the expansion tank filler cap carefully, releasing the pressure and any vapor before removing the cap com- pletely.

3 As soon as possible, have the cooling

system checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

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Towing a trailer Trailer hitch attachment Trailer hitch attachments are available as accessories. These are designed for a max- imum trailer weight of 3500 lbs (1588 kg), with trailer brakes, see also page 236. Use only the electrical trailer hitch connec- tor provided in the trailer hitch kit. Saab recommends: (cid:127) Use a Saab original hitch kit attachment which is designed and tested by Saab. (cid:127) Consult your Saab dealer for the right

hitch kit for your car.

NOTE

Use only a genuine Saab trailer hitch and wiring, since other wiring methods can cause expensive damage to the car’s body and electrical system. Consult an authorized Saab dealer for guidance on how to connect the trailer hitch electrical system.

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Maximum recommended trailer weights for different gradients

NOTE

Saab 9-3 Viggen cannot be equipped with a trailer hitch because of the design of the body and chassis.

Trailer weight Maximum recommended trailer weights for different gradients, for best comfort and driveability for manual and automatic cars, are shown in the drawing. Make sure you are familiar with the law regarding speed limits for towing, maxi- mum trailer weights, trailer-braking requirements, and also any special driving-license provisions (see also page 236).

WARNING

When towing a trailer, do not attempt to negotiate a hill having a gradient in excess of 15%. The weight distribution over the front wheels of the car will be insufficient to prevent wheelspin, making further progress impossible. In addition, the parking brake may not always be able to hold the car and trailer securely, with the result that the wheels can start to slide downhill.

The specified trailer weights and gradients assume you are operating in hilly terrain and therefore apply only to short trips.

Recommendations for driving in hilly terrain The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in warm weather, i.e. approximately 86°F (30°C).

Gradient of hill, %

6-7
8-9
10-15

Maximum dura- tion, minutes

Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 3330 (1500) Unlimited 3330 (1500) 15 max. 1890 (850) 15 max.

The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in hot weather, i.e. approximately 104°F (40°C).

Gradient of hill, %

6-7
8-9
10-15

Maximum dura- tion, minutes

Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 2000 (900) Unlimited 2000 (900) 1000 (450)

15 max. 15 max.

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175

Do not drive continuously with the WINTER mode selected in hilly country when you are towing a trailer, as this will increase fuel con- sumption and risk overheating the transmis- sion. Driving considerations Always take extra care when towing a trailer, as the car’s handling will be different and its braking effect reduced. The trailer’s braking system and suspension also have a considerable effect on these characteris- tics, see also "Driving with a load" page 178. Select position 1 when descending steep hills.

NOTE

“Automatic transmission fault

If the indicator” warning comes on, cease towing until the problem has been recti- fied.

It is important to consider the following when driving a car with automatic transmission up long inclines. Use Normal mode when driving with a cara- van or trailer on hilly roads. The adaptive gear change pattern function will prevent the transmission overheating. Rises in coolant temperature are indicated by the temperature gauge in the main instru- ment panel. The following may also occur: (cid:127) A/C compressor is switched off (cid:127) Gear change pattern is altered (cid:127) The CHECK message TRANSMISSION

OVERHEATING appears on the SID

If TRANSMISSION OVERHEATING appears on the SID, stop the car as soon as it is safe to do so and wait until the message has been extinguished. When driving sub- sequent to the transmission oil overheating, select either 3rd gear or Drive, whichever will allow the engine to run at 3,000 rpm and maintain the speed of traffic or a safe speed; see page 159.

WARNING

Remember to use engine-braking (selec- tor position 1, 2, or 3) to spare the brakes when you are driving on a long or steep downhill slope. Brake failure can result from overheated brakes!

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Starting and driving

Trailer hitch load The weight distribution on the trailer makes a lot of difference to the handling properties of the car and trailer combination.With sin- gle-axle trailers, whenever possible, con- centrate the load over the axle and keep it as low as possible. The trailer should be loaded so that the maximum load on the towbar ball is 5% to 7% of the trailer weight with a maximum per- missible tongue weight of 165 lbs (75 kg). Note that this load must be added to the total load for the car. If this now exceeds the specified load capacity, the load in the trunk will have to be reduced by a corresponding amount.

Distribution of load in trailer a Light b Moderate c Heavy

Driving with a roof rack load

WARNING

(cid:127) A roof load will affect the car’s center

of gravity and aerodynamics. Be aware of this when cornering and driv- ing in crosswinds.

(cid:127) Adjust your speed to the prevailing

conditions.

(cid:127) Due to higher aerodynamic drag, fuel economy may suffer when driving with a roof rack.

The maximum permissible roof load is 220 lbs (100 kg). Note that the roof load is included in the car’s maximum permissible load (see page 235). Strong, sturdy roof carriers designed spe- cially for the car are available from your Saab dealer. Always secure the roof load safely.

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177

Mounting holes for load carrier, front on Coupés and front/rear on five-door mod- els

Carrier mounting, rear, on Coupés

Installing the roof carriers (acces- sory) The carrier feet are marked with a top view of the car and an arrow indicating their positions. 1 Slip the plastic cover onto the adjustable foot of the carrier (the foot with a knob for tightening) to protect the paintwork during assembly.

2 Open all the doors.

Fold back the rubber strip and locate the fixing holes. On Coupés, the cover plates for the rearmost points of attach- ment must be removed.

3 Position the carrier gently across the

roof, with the rigid foot towards you. Hold the foot clear of the roof to avoid damag- ing the paintwork.

4 Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins of the foot into the fixing holes. In fit- ting the rear carrier on Coupés, press the foot down over the pins in the mount- ing and slide it forward.

5 Carefully close the doors on this side, so

as to hold the feet in place.

6 Move to the other side of the car and

remove the plastic cover from the adjustable foot. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins of the foot into the fixing holes.

7 When fitting the rear carrier on Coupés, press the foot down over the pins in the mounting and slide it forward.

8 Make the carrier hand-tight by turning

the knob clockwise.

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178
Driving with a load The driving characteristics of the car are affected by the way it is loaded. (cid:127) Place heavy loads as far forward and as

low as possible in the trunk.

(cid:127) Secure the load to the tie downs, see

page 142.

(cid:127) The load should be such that the car´s

total weight or axle weight are not exceeded, see page 235.

(cid:127) Heavy loads mean that the car’s center of gravity is further back. As a result, the car will sway more during evasive steering.

(cid:127) Never exceed the permissible load in the roof box, even if there is room for more. (cid:127) Ensure that the tire pressure is correct – slight overinflation is preferable to under- inflation.

(cid:127) The braking distance of a loaded car is

always greater. Keep your distance from the vehicle in front.

Tire pressure, see page 211 and back cover.

Never reduce the pressure of a hot tire. If the tires are hot when you check them, only increase the pressure, if necessary. Underinflated tires wear more quickly than slightly overinflated tires. If a valve is leaking, simply unscrew it and fit a new one. Important! Remember to adjust the tire pressures if you change the load in the car or intend to drive at substantially lower or higher speeds than normal.

Tires

NOTE

Check the tire pressure at least once a month. Underinflation is the main cause of: (cid:127) Damage to the wheels. (cid:127) Premature tire wear. (cid:127) Damage to the sidewalls.

The tire pressure should match the current load and speed of the car; see the back cover or the tire pressure label on page 243. The tire pressures given apply to cold tires, that is tires that are the same temperature as the outside air temperature. The tire pressure increases as the tires become warm (e.g. during highway driving) with approximately 0.3 bar (4 psi). When the temperature of the tires changes by 50° (10°C), the tire pressure will change 0.1 bar (2 psi).

Driving with the trunk lid open Avoid driving with the trunk lid partly or fully open, since exhaust fumes can be drawn into the cabin. If you must drive with the trunk lid open, all windows and the sunroof (if fitted) must be closed and the cabin fan on at its highest speed setting. Driving in deep water

NOTE

Do not drive in water deeper than 11” (30 cm) and do not drive faster than at idling speed. Water can otherwise be sucked into the engine. The engine will be damaged if water enters the intake sys- tem. The car´s electrical systems may also be affected.

Starting and driving

179

Front towing eye

Transporting the car

NOTE

If a car with sports (lowered) chassis is transported, for example on a flat bed truck, take extra care not to damage the spoiler and/or underbody.

Towing the car

WARNING

(cid:127) The towing vehicle should always be heavier than the vehicle being towed. (cid:127) Never allow passengers to ride in the

car being towed.

(cid:127) Remember that the brake servo does

not operate when the engine is off. Much greater pressure than normal will therefore be required to operate the brake pedal.

(cid:127) Nor does the steering pump operate when the engine is off. The steering will therefore be much heavier than usual.

(cid:127) Always seek professional help if the

car needs to be towed.

The car is fitted with towing eyes at both front and rear. For access to the front towing eye, located on the right-hand side of the car, compress the grille (see illustration) and pull it straight out. If the car is equipped with a trailer hitch, this can be used to tow another car.

NOTE

Do not confuse the front towing eye with the oil pipe for the power steering.

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Starting and driving

Rear towing eye

Front towing eye, Saab 9-3 Viggen

Saab 9-3 Viggen The front towing eye is stored in a storage bag beside the spare wheel. Remove the plastic cover with a screwdriver from the car’s toolkit, and screw in the towing eye.

NOTE

The design of the underside of the rear bumper means that the rear towing eye must not be used. This is to prevent dam- aging the bumper.

Towing a car with manual gearbox The gear lever must be in neutral. Switch hazard lights on. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles in tow. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked vio- lently.

NOTE

If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels.

Towing a car with automatic transmission The following rules must be observed if a car with automatic transmission is to be towed. The gear selector must be in the N position. Switch hazard lights on. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles in tow. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked vio- lently.

1 Selector lever in position N. 2 The local regulations on towing speeds

must be followed. The highest permissible towing speed is 30 mph (50 km/h), unless the legal limit is lower. The longest permissible towing distance is 30 miles (50 km). If the car has to be transported farther than that, summon a tow truck. A flat bed tow truck is the preferred method to tow.

The engine cannot be started by towing or pushing the car. In emergency, the engine can be started as described in the section ”Jump starting”.

NOTE

The car must be towed front first. If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels.

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181

Jump starting If your battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your Saab. Follow the steps below to do it safely.

WARNING

Batteries can cause injury. They can be dangerous because: (cid:127) They contain acid that can burn you. (cid:127) They contain gas that can explode or

ignite.

(cid:127) They contain enough electricity to

injure you.

If you do not follow these steps exactly, some or all of these things can hurt you.

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Starting and driving

NOTE

Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to your vehicle that would not be covered by your warranty. Trying to start your car by pushing or pull- ing it could damage your vehicle, even if you have a manual transmission. If you have an automatic transmission, your vehicle cannot be started by pushing or pulling it.

To jump start your vehicle: 1 Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.

NOTE

If the other system is not a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged.

2 Get the vehicles close enough so the

jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If a poor connection on the negative jumper cable should exist, it is possible for damage to be caused to electrical systems/components of either vehicle should inadvertent contact be made. You would not be able to start your car and bad grounding could damage the electrical systems.

WARNING

You could be injured if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly on each vehi- cle. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in Neu- tral.

3 Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lights that are not needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries and it could save your radio.

NOTE

If you leave your radio on, it could be badly damaged. The repairs would not be covered by your warranty.

4 Open the hood and locate the battery. Find the positive (+) and negative (-) termi- nals on the battery.

WARNING

An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

Starting and driving

183

9 Attach the cable at least 18 inches

(45 cm) away from the discharged bat- tery, but not near engine parts that move. To avoid an arc which could det- onate the hydrogen gas around the bat- tery, the final connection must be at least 18” from the battery.

10 Start the vehicle with the good battery

and run the engine for a while.

11 Try to start the vehicle with the dis-

charged battery. If it does not start after a few tries, it probably needs service.

12 Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they do not touch each other or any other metal.

WARNING

Using a match or flame of any kind near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. You can suffer burns or be blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the battery has enough water. The battery installed in your new Saab has filler caps. Be sure the right amount of water is there. Add distilled or boiled water if the level is too low. If you don’t, explosive gas could be present. Be sure the electrolyte in the battery is not frozen. Discharged batteries will freeze. When connecting jumper cables to a frozen battery, gas from the chemical reaction inside the battery can build up under the ice and cause an explosion. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you acciden- tally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the area with water and get medical help immediately.

5 Check that the jumper cables do not

have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock and also the vehicles could be damaged. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (-) will go to a major metal engine part with a good ground. Do not connect (+) to (-) or you will get a short that could injure you or would damage the battery and maybe other parts as well.

6 Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicle with the discharged battery.

7 Do not let the other end touch metal.

Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one.

8 Now connect the black negative (-)

cable to the good battery’s negative ter- minal.

WARNING

Do not let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative cable does not go to the dead battery. It goes to a major metal part with a good ground on the engine of the vehi- cle with the discharged battery.

Starting and driving

184
Driving considerations with compact spare wheel/tire fitted

WARNING

Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h) as the tire can overheat and adversely affect the handling of the car. The tire should be inflated to 60 psi (420 kPa).

The following should be observed when the compact spare wheel (T115/70 R16) is installed: The compact spare is light and easy to handle when changing the wheel. Do not drive farther than necessary with the com- pact spare fitted – the maximum life of the wheel is only just over 2000 miles (3,500 km). Have the standard wheel repaired and reinstalled as soon as possi- ble.

Points to bear in mind when driving with a compact spare wheel: (cid:127) The car’s ground clearance is reduced

with the compact spare fitted.

(cid:127) Only one compact spare wheel may be

used at any time.

(cid:127) Take care not to hit the curb. (cid:127) Do not fit snow chains. (cid:127) Leave the wheel cover off, so that the

warning text is readily visible.

NOTE

To avoid damaging a punctured alloy wheel this can be placed outside up in the spare-wheel well but only while driving to the closest dealer. A general rule is that all heavy loads must be well secured in the luggage compart- ment, see page 142.

For long trips Before starting off on a long journey, it is advisable to have your car inspected by your Saab dealer. Obtain a few important items to take along on your journey such as spare bulbs, wiper blades, fuses, a Poly-V belt and the like. You can check some points yourself before- hand: (cid:127) Make sure that the engine is in good con-

dition.

(cid:127) Check that no oil or fuel leaks out of the

engine or gearbox/transmission.

(cid:127) Check the coolant and power steering

fluid levels. Check also for leaks. Inspect the Poly-V belt and replace it if it shows any signs of wear. (cid:127) Check the battery charge. (cid:127) Check the tires for tread pattern and air pressure, including the compact spare wheel.

(cid:127) Take an extra car key/remote control and

keep it separate, see also page 36.

(cid:127) Check the brakes. (cid:127) Check all bulbs. (cid:127) Check for the presence of the tool kit and

the jack in the car.

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185

Safety belts....................... 218 Upholstery and trim ......... 219 Textile carpeting .............. 219 Engine bay........................ 220 Washing ............................ 220 Waxing and polishing...... 221 Touching up the paint ..... 221 Anti-corrosion treatment. 222 Recovery and/or recy- cling of automotive mate- rials.................................. 224 Air conditioning (A/C system) ........................... 226

Car care

Hood release handle ....... 186 Engine .............................. 188 Engine bay ....................... 187 Engine oil ......................... 190 Transmission fluid .......... 191 Coolant............................. 192 Air filter ............................ 193 Brake- clutch fluid and brake pads ..................... 194 Power steering ................ 195 Battery.............................. 195 Drive belt.......................... 197 Wipers and washers ....... 198 Wiper blades.................... 198 Changing bulbs ............... 200 Fuses................................ 206 Wheels.............................. 211

Car care

186
Hood release handle The handle of the hood lock is located on the left under the instrument panel. Open the hood in the following way: 1 Pull the release handle. 2 The hood moves to the half-locked posi- tion and is stopped by a safety catch at the front edge.

3 Press the lever of the catch upwards and

raise the hood.

When you close the hood you should drop it from a height of about 8 inches (20 cm), without slamming it.

WARNING

Never hold your fingers between the hood and safety catch if lowering but not clos- ing the hood.

Hood release handle

Hood release pressure plate

Engine bay

Car care

187

1 Engine-oil dipstick 2 Brake-fluid reservoir 3 Power-steering fluid reservoir 4 Fuse box 5 Coolant reservoir 6 MAXI fuses 7 Washer-fluid reservoir 8 Battery 9 Drive belt 10 Air filter

Car care

188
Engine The engine is a transverse four-cylinder in-line engine with twin overhead camshafts and 16 valves. The engine is equipped with two balance shafts that reduce engine vibration to a min- mimum. The balance shafts are chain-driven and rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft. They produce forces and torques that are opposed to those generated by the pistons and connecting rods. The effect occurs twice in each revolution of the engine, coun- teracting the vibration from its moving parts, and at the same time reducing unwanted engine noise. The gearbox, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine.

Engine families Saab cars imported into the United States and Canada meet all applicable emission control standards. The engine family and appropriate tune-up specifications are iden- tified on a label affixed to the left front inner fender. These engine families meet applicable EPA Federal Standards, California State Stan- dards and Canadian Federal Standards and are equipped with the following systems: • Sequential multiport fuel injection system. (cid:127) Three way catalytic converter. (cid:127) Crankcase emissions control system. (cid:127) Evaporative emission system.

Emission control systems The systems for controlling emissions to the atmosphere require regular checking and adjustment at the intervals specified in the service program. In addition to meeting the exhaust emission regulations and thereby helping to keep the environment clean, a correctly tuned engine will also give maximum fuel economy.

NOTE

The Trionic engine management system continuously monitors the operation of these systems and has on-board diag- nostic capabilities (OBD II). If the CHECK ENGINE light in the main instrument illu- minates, the Trionic ECM has detected a problem. The car will continue to operate, but performance may be diminished. You should have your car checked by a Saab dealer as soon as possible.

Car care

189

ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) All hydrocarbons formed when refueling will be recovered by the car and not released into the atmosphere. The hydrocarbons are absorbed in an evaporative emission canis- ter. When the engine is subsequently started, the evaporative emission canister is gradually purged as air is sucked into it through a shut-off valve. The hydrocar- bon/air mixture passes through the evap canister purge valve and into the engine where it is burned. "Refueling", see page 151. When refueling, make sure you screw the filler cap on and keep turning until it has clicked at least 3 times. Otherwise, it is pos- sible for the CHECK ENGINE light to illumi- nate and a TIGHTEN FUEL FILLER CAP message to appear on SID.

Saab Trionic engine management system The Saab Trionic engine management system is a unique Saab development that combines sequential multiport fuel injection, electronic distributorless ignition and turbo- charger boost pressure control into one sys- tem. The Trionic engine control module (ECM) monitors many different engine parameters such as:

Intake manifold pressure. Intake air temperature.

(cid:127) Crankshaft position. (cid:127) Engine coolant temperature. (cid:127) Throttle position. (cid:127) The oxygen content of the exhaust gases. The ECM receives information regarding engine knocking from a sophisticated feed- back function in the ignition discharge unit. By processing all of this information, the Tri- onic system can control fuel injector open- ing duration, ignition timing and turbo- charger boost pressure to provide excellent engine performance while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption.

(cid:127) (cid:127) Car care

190
Engine oil Checking the fluid level Regularly check the oil level in the engine. Do this with the car standing on level ground with the engine warm, 2-5 minutes after it has been turned off. Take the dipstick out and wipe it off with a clean rag before carry- ing out the check. The level must not be below the MIN mark on the dipstick, but nor should it be above the MAX mark. Excess engine oil could result in abnormal oil consumption. The distance between MIN and MAX corre- sponds to a volume of about one quart. When necessary, add oil of the recom- mended grade via the dipstick pipe. Make sure that the cap of the dipstick is screwed on properly after the check. Oil changing The engine oil must be changed in accor- dance with the service program. Oil volume and grade, see page 237. Oil changing should be carried out on a warm engine.

Oil filler cap and dipstick

Drain plug

1 Unscrew the drain plug in the bottom of the sump and leave the oil to drain into an oil tray or other suitable receptacle for at least ten minutes. Take care, as the oil may be hot.

2 After the oil has been drained, unscrew

and remove the oil filter.

3 Fit a new filter and tighten it by hand. 4 Refit the drain plug with a new washer. 5 Add new oil.

Run the engine to normal temperature and check the oil level.

NOTE

Change of engine oil and oil filter may be required more frequently (5000-mile intervals (8,000 km)) if any one of the fol- lowing conditions apply to the car:

(cid:127) Most trips are less than 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km). This is particularly important when outside temperatures are below freezing.