2009 Jeep Liberty Owners Manual

Operating Information and Precautions The Selec-Trac II威 active on-demand transfer case pro- vides four positions: • Two-wheel drive (2WD) high range • Four-wheel drive Auto (4WD AUTO) high range • Neutral (N) • Four-wheel drive (4WD) low range This transfer case is intended to be driven in either the two-wheel drive position (2WD) or the four-wheel drive Auto position (4WD AUTO) for normal street and high- way conditions such as dry hard-surfaced roads.

For added capability when traversing steep grades, rough terrain, or extremely poor traction surfaces, select the transfer case 4WD LOW position. This position locks the front driveshaft and rear driveshaft together and forces the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed while multiplying engine torque. Use the transfer case NEUTRAL position for recreational towing only. Refer to “Recreational Towing” in this section for specific procedures on shifting into and out of NEUTRAL.

CAUTION!

• The 4WD LOW position is intended for loose or slippery road surfaces only. Driving in this posi- tion on dry hard-surfaced roads may cause in- creased tire wear and damage to the driveline components.

(Continued)

CAUTION! (Continued)

• When operating your vehicle in 4WD LOW, the engine speed is approximately three times that of the 2WD position or 4WD AUTO position at a given road speed. Take care not to over-speed the engine and do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). • Proper operation of four-wheel drive vehicles de- pends on tires of equal size, type, and circumfer- ence on each wheel. Any difference in tire size can cause damage to the transfer case.

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WARNING!

• You or others could be injured if you leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the NEUTRAL position without first fully engaging the parking brake. The transfer case NEUTRAL position disengages both the front driveshaft and rear driveshaft from the powertrain and it will allow the vehicle to move despite the transmission position. The parking brake should always be applied when the driver is not in the vehicle. • Always engage the parking brake when powering down the vehicle if the “SERV 4WD Warning Light” is illuminated. Not engaging the parking brake may allow the vehicle to roll, which may cause personal injury.

(Continued)

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WARNING! (Continued)

• Since four-wheel drive provides improved trac- tion, there is a tendency to exceed safe turning and stopping speeds. Do not go faster than road con- ditions permit. You or others could be injured.

Shift Positions The electronic transfer case switch is located on the center console next to the gear selector lever.

4WD Control Switch

2WD Rear Wheel Drive High Range - This range is for normal street and highway driving on dry hard-surfaced roads. 4WD Auto Four-Wheel Drive Auto High Range – This active on- demand range makes available optimum traction for a

wide range of conditions, while maximizing driver con- venience. This position is always in four-wheel drive mode, with a normal 42% front axle, 58% rear axle torque split. The system also anticipates and prevents slip by redirecting torque as necessary, up to 100% to the front or rear axle, if needed. 4WD Low Four-Wheel Drive Low Range - This range is for low speed four-wheel drive. Locks the front driveshaft and rear driveshaft together forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. Additional traction and maximum pulling power for loose or slippery road surfaces only. Do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Neutral - This range disengages both the front driveshaft and rear driveshaft from the powertrain. To be used for flat towing behind another vehicle. Refer to “Recreational Towing” in this section for more information.

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Transfer Case Position Indicator Lights The four-wheel drive indicator lights (4WD, 4 LOW) are located in the instrument cluster. The NEUTRAL indica- tor light is located on the 4WD Control Switch. If there is no indicator light on or flashing, the transfer case posi- tion is two-wheel drive (2WD). If the indicator light is on, the desired position (4WD AUTO, 4WD LOW, or NEU- TRAL) has been obtained. If one or more shift requirements are not met: • An indicator light will flash. • The transfer case will not shift. NOTE: The “SERV 4WD Warning Light” monitors the electric shift four-wheel drive system. If this light re- mains on after engine start up, or it illuminates during driving, it means that the four-wheel drive system is not functioning properly and that service is required.

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Shifting Procedures

If any of the requirements to select a new NOTE: transfer case position have not been met, the transfer case will not shift, the indicator light for the previous position will remain on, and the newly selected position indicator light will continue to flash until all the requirements for the selected position have been met. To retry a shift, move the 4WD Control Switch back to the original position, make certain all shift requirements have been met, wait five seconds, and try the shift again. 2WD to 4WD Auto Move the 4WD Control Switch to the desired position. Shifts between 2WD and 4WD Auto can be done with the vehicle stopped or in motion. If the vehicle is stopped, the ignition switch must be in the ON position with the engine either OFF or RUNNING. This shift cannot be completed if the ignition switch is in the ACC position.

2WD or 4WD Auto to 4WD Low When shifting into or out of 4WD LOW, some gear noise may be heard. This noise is normal and is not detrimental to the vehicle or its occupants. Shifting can be performed with the vehicle rolling 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h) using the “Preferred Procedure” or completely stopped using the “Alternate Procedure.” Preferred Procedure 1. With the engine RUNNING, slow the vehicle speed to 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h). 2. Shift the transmission into NEUTRAL. 3. While still rolling, move the 4WD Control Switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is on (not flashing), shift the transmission into gear.

Alternate Procedure 1. Bring the vehicle to a complete stop. 2. With the ignition switch in the ON position and the engine OFF or RUNNING, shift the transmission into NEUTRAL. 3. Move the 4WD Control Switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is on (not flashing), shift the transmission into gear. NOTE: Steps 1 and 2 in the “Preferred Procedure” and the “Alternate Procedure” are requirements for shifting the transfer case. If these requirements are not met prior to attempting the shift or while the shift attempt is in process, then the indicator light will flash, and the current transfer case position will be maintained. To retry a shift, move the 4WD Control Switch back to the original position, make certain all shift requirements have been met, wait five seconds, and try the shift again.

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The ignition switch must be in the ON position for a shift to take place and for the position indicator lights to be operable. If the ignition switch is not in the ON position, the shift will not take place, and no position indicator lights will be on or flashing.

ON-ROAD DRIVING TIPS Utility vehicles have higher ground clearance and a narrower track to make them capable of performing in a wide variety of off-road applications. Specific design characteristics give them a higher center of gravity than ordinary cars. An advantage of the higher ground clearance is a better view of the road, allowing you to anticipate problems. They are not designed for cornering at the same speeds as conventional two-wheel drive vehicles any more than low-slung sports cars are designed to perform satisfacto- rily in off-road conditions. If at all possible, avoid sharp

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turns or abrupt maneuvers. As with other vehicles of this type, failure to operate this vehicle correctly may result in loss of control or vehicle rollover.

OFF-ROAD DRIVING TIPS

When To Use 4WD LOW Range When off-road driving, shift to 4WD LOW for additional traction and control on slippery or difficult terrain, ascending or descending steep hills, and to increase low-speed pulling power. This range should be limited to extreme situations such as deep snow, mud, or sand where additional low speed pulling power is needed. Vehicle speeds in excess of 25 mph (40 km/h) should be avoided when in 4WD LOW range.

Driving Through Water Although your vehicle is capable of driving through water, there are a number of precautions that must be considered before entering the water:

CAUTION!

When driving through water, do not exceed 5 mph (8 km/h). Always check water depth before entering as a precaution, and check all fluids afterward. Driv- ing through water may cause damage that may not be covered by the new vehicle limited warranty.

Driving through water more than a few inches/ centimeters deep will require extra caution to ensure safety and prevent damage to your vehicle. If you must drive through water, try to determine the depth and the bottom condition (and location of any obstacles) prior to

entering. Proceed with caution and maintain a steady controlled speed less than 5 mph (8 km/h) in deep water to minimize wave effects. Flowing Water If the water is swift flowing and rising (as in storm run-off) avoid crossing until the water level recedes and/or the flow rate is reduced. If you must cross flowing-water, avoid depths in excess of 9 in (22 cm). The flowing water can erode the streambed causing your vehicle to sink into deeper water. Determine exit point(s) that are downstream of your entry point to allow for drifting. Standing Water Avoid driving in standing water deeper than 20 in (51 cm), and reduce speed appropriately to minimize wave effects. Maximum speed in 20 in (51 cm) of water is less than 5 mph (8 km/h).

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Maintenance After driving through deep water, inspect your vehicle fluids and lubricants (engine, transmission, axle, transfer case) to assure they have not been contaminated. Con- taminated fluids and lubricants (milky, foamy in appear- ance) should be flushed/changed as soon as possible to prevent component damage. Driving In Snow, Mud and Sand In heavy snow, when pulling a load, or for additional control at slower speeds, shift the transmission to a low gear and shift the transfer case to 4WD LOW if necessary. Refer to “Four-Wheel Drive Operation” in this section. Do not shift to a lower gear than necessary to maintain headway. Over-revving the engine can spin the wheels and traction will be lost. Avoid abrupt downshifts on icy or slippery roads be- cause engine braking may cause skidding and loss of control.

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Hill Climbing

NOTE: Before attempting to climb a hill, determine the conditions at the crest and/or on the other side. Before climbing a steep hill, shift the transmission to a lower gear and shift the transfer case to 4WD LOW. Use first gear and 4WD LOW for very steep hills. If you stall or begin to lose headway while climbing a steep hill, allow your vehicle to come to a stop and immediately apply the brakes. Restart the engine and shift to REVERSE. Back slowly down the hill allowing the compression braking of the engine to help regulate your speed. If the brakes are required to control vehicle speed, apply them lightly and avoid locking or skidding the tires.

WARNING!

If the engine stalls or you lose headway or cannot make it to the top of a steep hill or grade, never attempt to turn around. To do so may result in tipping and rolling the vehicle. Always back straight down a hill in REVERSE gear carefully. Never back down a hill in NEUTRAL using only the brake.

Remember, never drive diagonally across a hill - drive straight up or down. If the wheels start to slip as you approach the crest of a hill, ease off the accelerator and maintain headway by turning the front wheels slowly left and right. This may provide a fresh “bite” into the surface and will usually provide traction to complete the climb.

Traction Downhill Shift the transmission into a low gear and the transfer case to 4WD LOW range. Let the vehicle go slowly down the hill with all four wheels turning against engine compression drag. This will permit you to control the vehicle speed and direction. When descending mountains or hills, repeated braking can cause brake fade with loss of braking control. Avoid repeated heavy braking by downshifting the transmis- sion whenever possible. After Driving Off-Road Off-road operation puts more stress on your vehicle than does most on-road driving. After going off-road, it is always a good idea to check for damage. That way you can get any problems taken care of right away and have your vehicle ready when you need it.

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• Completely inspect the underbody of your vehicle. Check tires, body structure, steering, suspension, and exhaust system for damage. • Check threaded fasteners for looseness, particularly on the chassis, drivetrain components, steering, and sus- pension. Retighten them, if required, and torque to the values specified in the Service Manual. • Check for accumulations of plants or brush. These things could be a fire hazard. They might hide damage lines, brake hoses, axle pinion seals, and to fuel propeller shafts. • After extended operation in mud, sand, water, or similar dirty conditions, have brake rotors, wheels, brake linings, and axle yokes inspected and cleaned as soon as possible.

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WARNING!

Abrasive material in any part of the brakes may cause excessive wear or unpredictable braking. You might not have full braking power when you need it to prevent an accident. If you have been operating your vehicle in dirty conditions, get your brakes checked and cleaned as necessary. • If you experience unusual vibration after driving in mud, slush, or similar conditions, check the wheels for impacted material. Impacted material can cause a wheel imbalance and freeing the wheels of it will correct the situation.

POWER STEERING The standard power steering system will give you good vehicle response and increased ease of maneuverability in tight spaces. The system will provide mechanical steering capability if power assist is lost. If for some reason the power assist is interrupted, it will still be possible to steer your vehicle. Under these condi- tions, you will observe a substantial increase in steering effort, especially at very low vehicle speeds and during parking maneuvers. Increased noise levels at the end of the steering NOTE: wheel travel are considered normal and do not indicate that there is a problem with the power steering system. Upon initial start-up in cold weather, the power steering pump may make noise for a short amount of time. This is due to the cold, thick fluid in the steering system. This noise should be considered normal, and it does not in any way damage the steering system.

WARNING!

Continued operation with reduced power steering assist could pose a safety risk to yourself and others. Service should be obtained as soon as possible.

CAUTION!

Prolonged operation of the steering system at the end of the steering wheel travel will increase the steering fluid temperature and it should be avoided when possible. Damage to the power steering pump may occur.

Power Steering Fluid Check Checking the power steering fluid level at a defined service interval is not required. The fluid should only be checked if a leak is suspected, abnormal noises are

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apparent, and/or the system is not functioning as antici- pated. Coordinate inspection efforts through an autho- rized dealer. No chemical flushes should be used in any power steering system; only the approved lubricant may be used.

WARNING!

Fluid level should be checked on a level surface and with the engine off to prevent injury from moving parts and to ensure accurate fluid level reading. Do not overfill. Use only manufacturer’s recommended power steering fluid.

If necessary, add fluid to restore to the proper indicated level. With a clean cloth, wipe any spilled fluid from all surfaces. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in Section 7 for the correct fluid type.

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PARKING BRAKE To set the parking brake, pull the lever up as firmly as possible. When the parking brake is applied with the ignition ON, the “Brake Warning Light” in the instru- ment cluster will light. To release the parking brake, pull up slightly, press the center button, then lower the lever completely. NOTE: The “Brake Warning Light” indicates only that the parking brake is applied. You must be sure the parking brake is fully applied before leaving the vehicle.

Parking Brake

Be sure the parking brake is firmly set when parked, and the shift lever is in the PARK position. When parking on a hill, you should apply the parking brake before placing the shift lever in PARK. Otherwise, the load on the transmission locking mechanism may make it difficult to move the shift lever out of PARK.

WARNING!

• Always apply the parking brake fully when leav- ing your vehicle or it may roll and cause damage or injury. Also, be certain to leave the transmission in the PARK position. Failure to do so may allow the vehicle to roll and cause damage or injury. • Leaving unattended children in a vehicle is dan- gerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be injured. Do not leave the keys in the ignition. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle. • Be sure the parking brake is fully disengaged before driving, failure to do so can lead to brake problems due to excessive heating of the rear brakes.

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When parking on a hill, turn the front wheels toward the curb on a downhill grade and away from the curb on an uphill grade. The parking brake should always be applied whenever the driver is not in the vehicle.

ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) is designed to aid the driver in maintaining vehicle control under adverse braking conditions. The system operates with a separate computer to modulate hydraulic pressure, to prevent wheel lock-up and help avoid skidding on slippery surfaces. All vehicle wheels and tires must be the same size and type, and tires must be properly inflated, to produce accurate signals for the computer.

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WARNING!

Significant over or under-inflation of tires or mixing sizes of tires or wheels on the vehicle can lead to loss of braking effectiveness.

The ABS conducts a low-speed self-test at about 12 mph (20 km/h). If you have your foot lightly on the brake while this test is occurring, you may feel slight pedal movement. The movement can be more apparent on ice and snow. This is normal. The ABS pump motor runs during the self-test at 12 mph (20 km/h) and during an ABS stop. The pump motor makes a low humming noise during operation, which is normal.

WARNING!

• Pumping of the Anti-Lock Brakes will diminish their effectiveness and may lead to an accident. Pumping makes the stopping distance longer. Just press firmly on your brake pedal when you need to slow down or stop. • The ABS cannot prevent the natural laws of phys- ics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase braking or steering efficiency beyond that af- forded by the condition of the vehicle brakes and tires or the traction afforded.

• The ABS cannot prevent accidents,

including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, following another vehicle too closely, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• The capabilities of an ABS equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner, which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

CAUTION!

The ABS is subject to possible detrimental effects of electronic interference caused by improperly in- stalled aftermarket radios or telephones.

NOTE: During severe braking conditions, a pulsing sensation may occur and a clicking noise will be heard. This is normal, indicating that the ABS is functioning.

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• Do not “ride” the brakes by resting your foot on the pedal. This could overheat the brakes and result in longer stopping dis- unpredictable braking action, tances, or brake damage. • When descending mountains or hills, repeated brak- ing can cause brake fade with loss of braking control. Avoid repeated heavy braking by downshifting the transmission or locking out overdrive whenever pos- sible. • Engines may idle at higher speeds during warm-up, which could cause rear wheels to spin and result in loss of vehicle control. Be especially careful while driving on slippery roads, in close-quarter maneuver- ing, parking, or stopping. • Do not drive too fast for road conditions, especially when roads are wet or slushy. A wedge of water can

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build up between the tire tread and the road. This hydroplaning action can cause loss of traction, braking ability, and control. • After going through deep water or a car wash, brakes may become wet, resulting in decreased performance and unpredictable braking action. Dry the brakes by gentle, intermittent pedal action while driving at very slow speeds.

ELECTRONIC BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Your vehicle is equipped with an advanced electronic brake control system commonly referred to as ESP. This system includes Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS), Traction Control System (TCS), Brake Assist System (BAS), Hill Start Assist (HSA), Electronic Roll Mitigation (ERM), and Electronic Stability Program (ESP). These systems work together to enhance both vehicle stability and control in various driving conditions.

Two additional electronic brake control system options are Hill Descent Control (HDC) and Trailer Sway Control (TSC). Your vehicle may be equipped with one or both of these options. Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS)

This system aids the driver in maintaining vehicle control under adverse braking conditions. The system controls hydraulic brake pressure to prevent wheel lock-up to help avoid skidding on slippery surfaces during braking. Refer to “Anti-Lock Brake System” in Section 5 of this manual for more information about ABS.

WARNING!

The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) cannot prevent the natural laws of physics from acting on the ve- hicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded by prevailing road conditions. ABS cannot prevent acci- dents, including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. The capabilities of an ABS- equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reck- less or dangerous manner, which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

Traction Control System (TCS)

This system monitors the amount of wheel spin of each of the driven wheels. If wheel spin is detected, brake pressure is applied to the slipping wheel(s) and engine power is reduced to provide enhanced acceleration and

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stability. A feature of the TCS system functions similar to a limited slip differential and controls the wheel spin across a driven axle. If one wheel on a driven axle is spinning faster than the other, the system will apply the brake of the spinning wheel. This will allow more engine torque to be applied to the wheel that is not spinning. This feature remains active even if TCS and ESP are in the “Partial Off” mode or the “Full Off” mode. Refer to “Electronic Stability Program (ESP)” in this section for more information. Brake Assist System (BAS) The BAS is designed to optimize the vehicle’s braking capability during emergency braking maneuvers. The system detects an emergency braking situation by sens- ing the rate and amount of brake application and then applies optimum pressure to the brakes. This can help reduce braking distances. The BAS complements the anti-lock brake system (ABS). Applying the brakes very quickly results in the best BAS assistance. To receive the

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benefit of the system, you must apply continuous brak- ing pressure during the stopping sequence, (do not “pump” the brakes). Do not reduce brake pedal pressure unless braking is no longer desired. Once the brake pedal is released, the BAS is deactivated.

WARNING!

The Brake Assist System (BAS) cannot prevent the natural laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded by prevailing road conditions. BAS cannot prevent accidents, in- cluding those resulting from excessive speed in turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. The capabilities of a BAS- equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reck- less or dangerous manner, which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

lift,

Electronic Roll Mitigation (ERM) This system anticipates the potential for wheel lift by monitoring the driver’s steering wheel input and the speed of the vehicle. When ERM determines that the rate of change of the steering wheel angle and vehicle’s speed are sufficient to potentially cause wheel it then applies the appropriate brake and may also reduce engine power to lessen the chance that wheel lift will occur. ERM will only intervene during very severe or evasive driving maneuvers. ERM can only reduce the chance of wheel lift occurring during severe or evasive driving maneuvers. It cannot prevent wheel lift due to other factors, such as road conditions, leaving the road- way, or striking objects or other vehicles. NOTE: ERM is disabled anytime the ESP is in “Full Off” mode. Refer to Electronic Stability Program (ESP) for a complete explanation of the available ESP modes.

WARNING!

Many factors, such as vehicle loading, road condi- tions, and driving conditions, influence the chance that wheel lift or rollover may occur. Electronic Roll Mitigation (ERM) cannot prevent all wheel lift or rollovers, especially those that involve leaving the roadway or striking objects or other vehicles. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent acci- dents. The capabilities of an ERM-equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner, which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

Trailer Sway Control (TSC) — If Equipped TSC uses sensors in the vehicle to recognize an exces- sively swaying trailer. TSC activates automatically once the excessively swaying trailer is recognized. When TSC is functioning, the “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” will flash,

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the engine power will be reduced, and you will feel the brake being applied to individual wheels in an attempt to stop the trailer from swaying. NOTE: The TSC is disabled when the ESP system is in the “Partial Off” mode and “Full Off” mode.

WARNING!

• Trailer Sway Control (TSC) cannot stop all trailers from swaying. Always use caution when towing a trailer and follow the tongue weight recommenda- tions. Refer to ”Vehicle Loading” and “Trailer Towing” in this section for more information be- fore towing a trailer with your vehicle. • If TSC activates while towing a trailer, stop the vehicle at the nearest safe location and adjust the trailer load to eliminate the trailer sway.

(Continued)

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WARNING! (Continued)

• Failure to follow these warnings can result in an

accident or serious personal injury.

Hill Start Assist (HSA) The HSA system is designed to help the driver accelerate the vehicle from a complete stop while on an incline. If the driver releases the brake while stopped on an incline, HSA will continue to hold the brake pressure for a short period. If the driver does not apply the throttle before this time expires, the system will release brake pressure and the vehicle will roll down the hill as normal. The system will release brake pressure in proportion to amount of throttle applied.

The following conditions must be met in order for HSA to activate: • The vehicle must be stopped. • The vehicle must be on a 7% or greater incline. • The gear selection must match vehicle uphill direction (i.e., vehicle facing uphill is in forward gear; vehicle backing uphill is in REVERSE gear). • For vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission, the HSA will work in REVERSE gear and all forward gears. The system will not activate if the transmission is in PARK.

WARNING!

There may be situations where the Hill Start Assist (HSA) will not activate and slight rolling may occur, such as on minor hills (i.e., less than 7%), or with a loaded vehicle, or while pulling a trailer. HSA is not a substitute for active driving involvement. It is always the driver’s responsibility to be attentive to distance to other vehicles, people, and objects, and most importantly brake operation to ensure safe operation of the vehicle under all road conditions. Your complete attention is always required while driving to maintain safe control of your vehicle. Failure to follow these warnings can result in an accident or serious personal injury.

Towing with HSA HSA will provide assistance during acceleration on an incline while towing a trailer.

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WARNING!

• If you use a trailer brake controller with your trailer, the trailer brakes may be activated and deactivated with the brake switch. If so, there may not be enough brake pressure to hold both the vehicle and the trailer on a hill when the brake pedal is released. In order to avoid rolling down an incline while resuming acceleration, manually activate the trailer brake or apply more vehicle brake pressure prior to releasing the brake pedal. • HSA is not a parking brake. Always apply the parking brake fully when leaving your vehicle. Also, be certain to leave the transmission in PARK. • Failure to follow these warnings can result in an

accident or serious personal injury.

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Disabling and Enabling HSA This feature can be turned on or turned off. To change the current setting, proceed as follows: For vehicles equipped with the Electronic Vehicle Infor- mation Center (EVIC), refer to “Hill Start Assist,” under ⬙Personal Settings (Customer Programmable Features),” under “Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC)” in Section 4 of this manual. For vehicles not equipped with the EVIC, perform the following steps: NOTE: You must complete Steps 1 through 8 within 90 seconds. 1. Center the steering wheel straight forward). 2. Shift the transmission into PARK. 3. Apply the parking brake.

(front wheels pointing

4. Start the engine. 5. Rotate the steering wheel one-half turn to the left. 6. Press the ESP OFF button located in the lower switch bank below the climate control four times within twenty seconds. The “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” should turn on and turn off two times. 7. Rotate the steering wheel back to center and then an additional one-half turn to the right. 8. Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position and then back to the ON position. If the sequence was completed properly, the “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” will blink sev- eral times to confirm HSA is disabled. 9. Repeat these steps if you want to return this feature to its previous setting.

Hill Descent Control (HDC) — If Equipped HDC is only intended for low speed off-road driving. HDC maintains vehicle speed while descending hills in off-road driving conditions by applying the brakes when necessary. When enabled, HDC senses the terrain and activates when the vehicle is descending a hill. HDC speed may be adjusted by the driver to suit the driving conditions. The speed corresponds to the transmission gear selected. Approximate HDC Set Gear Speed 1 mph (1.5 km/h) 3 mph (4.5 km/h) 7.5 mph (12 km/h) 1 mph (1.5 km/h) 3 mph (4.5 km/h)

1st 2nd DRIVE REVERSE NEUTRAL However, the driver can override HDC operation by applying the brake to slow the vehicle down below the

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HDC control speed. If more speed is desired during HDC control, the accelerator pedal will increase vehicle speed in the usual manner. When either the brake or the accelerator is released, HDC will control the vehicle at the original set speed. NOTE: HDC is available on vehicles equipped with the MP1522 transfer case. • The transfer case must be in 4WD LOW range to • HDC is enabled only when the “Hill Descent Control Indicator Light” in the instrument cluster is on solid. • HDC will NOT activate when the automatic transmis- • HDC will NOT activate on level ground. • HDC will NOT activate at vehicle speeds above

sion is in PARK.

enable HDC.

30 mph (50 km/h).

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The “Hill Descent” button is located in the lower switch bank below the climate control.

Hill Descent Button

Enabling HDC 1. Shift the transfer case into 4WD LOW range. Refer to “Four-Wheel Drive Operation” in this section for transfer case operation information.

2. Press the “Hill Descent” button. The “Hill Descent Control Indicator Light” in the instrument cluster will turn on solid. If the transfer case is not in 4WD LOW range, NOTE: the “Hill Descent Control Indicator Light” will flash for five seconds and HDC will not be enabled. Disabling HDC 1. Press the “Hill Descent” button or shift the transfer case out of 4WD LOW range. The “Hill Descent Control Indicator” light in the instrument cluster will turn off. Electronic Stability Program (ESP) This system enhances directional control and stability of the vehicle under various driving conditions. ESP cor- rects for over-steering and under-steering the vehicle by applying the brake of the appropriate wheel. Engine power may also be reduced to help the vehicle maintain the desired path.

The ESP uses sensors in the vehicle to determine the path that the driver intends to steer the vehicle and compares it to the actual path of the vehicle. When the actual path does not match the intended path, the ESP applies the brake of the appropriate wheel to assist in counteracting the condition of over-steer or under-steer. • Oversteer - when the vehicle is turning more than • Understeer - when the vehicle is turning less than

appropriate for the steering wheel position.

appropriate for the steering wheel position.

ESP/TCS Indicator Light

The ⬙ESP/TCS Indicator Light” located in the instrument cluster, starts to flash as soon as the tires lose traction and the ESP system becomes active. The ⬙ESP/TCS Indicator Light” also flashes when TCS is active. If the ⬙ESP/TCS Indicator Light” begins to flash during acceleration, ease up on the

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accelerator and apply as little throttle as possible. Be sure to adapt your speed and driving to the prevailing road conditions.

WARNING!

The ESP (Electronic Stability Program) cannot pre- vent the natural laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded by prevailing road conditions. ESP cannot prevent acci- dents, including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. The capabilities of an ESP- equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reck- less or dangerous manner, which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

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Depending upon model and mode of operation, the ESP system has up to three operating modes: “ESP On” “Partial Off,” and “Full Off.” ESP On — Two-Wheel Drive Vehicles and Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles in 2WD and 4WD High Range This is the normal operating mode for ESP when operat- ing a two-wheel drive vehicle. It is also the normal mode for operating a four-wheel drive vehicle in 2WD or 4WD HIGH range. The ESP system will be in “ESP On” mode whenever the vehicle is started or the transfer case (if equipped) is shifted out of 4WD LOW range. This mode should be used for most driving situations. ESP should only be turned to “Partial Off” or “Full Off” for specific reasons as noted. Refer to “Partial Off” and to “Full Off” for additional information.

Partial Off — Two-Wheel Drive Vehicles and Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles in 2WD and 4WD High Range The “Partial Off” mode is intended for driving in deep snow, sand, or gravel. This mode raises the threshold for TCS and ESP activation, which allows for more wheel spin than what ESP normally allows. The “ESP OFF” button is located in the lower switch bank below the climate control. To enter the “Partial Off” mode, momentarily depress the “ESP OFF” button and the ⬙ESP/TCS Indicator Light” will illuminate. To turn the ESP on again, momentarily depress the ⬙ESP OFF⬙ button and the ⬙ESP/TCS Indicator Light” will turn off. This will restore the normal “ESP On” mode of operation.

STARTING AND OPERATING 335

mode is overcome, turn ESP back on by momentarily depressing the “ESP OFF” button. This may be done while the vehicle is in motion. Full Off — Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles in 4WD High and 4WD Low Range The “Full Off” mode is intended for off-highway and off-road use when ESP stability features could inhibit vehicle maneuverability due to trail conditions. The “ESP OFF” button is located in the lower switch bank below the climate control panel. To enter “Full Off” mode, depress and hold the “ESP OFF” button for five seconds while the vehicle is stopped with the engine running. After five seconds, the “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” will illuminate and an “ESP OFF” message will appear in the odometer. Press and release the trip odom- eter button located on the instrument cluster to turn off this message.

ESP Off Button

NOTE: To improve the vehicle’s traction when driving with snow chains, or when starting off in deep snow, sand, or gravel, it may be desirable to switch to the “Partial Off” mode by momentarily depressing the “ESP OFF” button. Once the situation requiring “Partial Off”

336 STARTING AND OPERATING

In this mode, ESP and TCS are turned off (except for the “limited slip” feature described in the TCS section) until the vehicle reaches a speed of 40 mph (64 km/k). At speeds over 40 mph (64 km/k), the system automatically switches to “Partial Off” mode, described above. When the vehicle speed returns to less than 35 mph (56 km/h), the ESP system will return to “Full Off” mode. The “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” is always illuminated when ESP is off. To turn ESP on again, momentarily depress the “ESP OFF” button. This will restore the normal “ESP On” mode of operation. NOTE: • “Full Off” is the only operating mode for ESP in 4WD LOW range. The ESP system will be in this mode whenever the vehicle is started in 4WD LOW range or the transfer case is shifted into 4WD LOW range. • The “ESP OFF” message will display and a chime will sound when the shift lever is moved from any position

to the PARK position and then moved out of the PARK position. This will occur even if the message was cleared previously.

WARNING!

With the ESP switched off, the enhanced vehicle stability offered by ESP is unavailable. In an emer- gency evasive maneuver, the ESP system will not engage to assist in maintaining stability. “Full Off” mode is only intended for off-highway or off-road use.

ESP/BAS Warning Light and ESP/TCS Indicator Light

The malfunction indicator for the ESP is com- bined with the BAS indicator. The “ESP/BAS Malfunction Indicator Light” and the “ESP/ TCS Indicator Light” in the instrument cluster both turn on when the ignition switch is turned to the ON position. They should both turn off with the engine

speeds greater

running. If the “ESP/BAS Malfunction Indicator Light” turns on continuously with the engine running, a mal- function has been detected in either the ESP or the BAS system, or both. If this light remains on after several ignition cycles, and the vehicle has been driven several miles/kilometers at than 30 mph (48 km/h), see your authorized dealer as soon as possible to have the problem diagnosed and corrected. NOTE: • ⬙The ESP/TCS Indicator Light” and the “ESP/BAS Malfunction Indicator Light” will turn on momen- tarily each time the ignition switch is turned ON. • Each time the ignition is turned ON, the ESP System • The ESP Control System will make buzzing or clicking sounds when it is active. This is normal; the sounds will stop when ESP becomes inactive following the maneuver that caused the ESP activation.

will be ON even if it was turned off previously.

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TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION

Tire Markings

1 — U.S. DOT Safety Stan- dards Code (TIN) 2 — Size Designation 3 — Service Description

4 — Maximum Load

5 — Maximum Pressure 6 — Treadwear, Traction and Temperature Grades

338 STARTING AND OPERATING

NOTE: • P (Passenger) - Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. P-Metric tires have the letter “P” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: P215/65R15 95H. • European-Metric tire sizing is based on European design standards. Tires designed to this standard have the tire size molded into the sidewall beginning with the section width. The letter ⬙P⬙ is absent from this tire size designation. Example: 215/65R15 96H. • LT (Light Truck) - Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. The size designation for LT-Metric

tires is the same as for P-Metric tires except for the letters “LT” that are molded into the sidewall preced- ing the size designation. Example: LT235/85R16. • Temporary spare tires are high-pressure compact spares designed for temporary emergency use only. Tires designed to this standard have the letter “T” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: T145/80D18 103M. • High flotation tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards and it begins with the tire diameter molded into the sidewall. Example: 31x10.5 R15 LT.

Tire Sizing Chart

Size Designation:

EXAMPLE:

P = Passenger car tire size based on U.S. design standards ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Passenger car tire based on European design standards LT = Light truck tire based on U.S. design standards T = Temporary spare tire 31 = Overall diameter in inches (in) 215 = Section width in millimeters (mm) 65 = Aspect ratio in percent (%)

— Ratio of section height to section width of tire

10.5 = Section width in inches (in) R = Construction code

— ⬙R⬙ means radial construction —⬙D⬙ means diagonal or bias construction

15 = Rim diameter in inches (in)

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340 STARTING AND OPERATING

Service Description:

95 = Load Index

EXAMPLE:

— A numerical code associated with the maximum load a tire can carry

H = Speed Symbol

— A symbol indicating the range of speeds at which a tire can carry a load corresponding to its load index under certain operating conditions — The maximum speed corresponding to the speed symbol should only be achieved under specified operating conditions (i.e., tire pressure, vehicle loading, road conditions, and posted speed limits)

Load Identification:

ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Absence of any text on the sidewall of the tire indicates a Standard Load (SL) tire Extra Load (XL) = Extra load (or reinforced) tire Light Load = Light load tire C, D, E = Load range associated with the maximum load a tire can carry at a specified pressure

Maximum Load — Maximum load indicates the maximum load this tire is designed to carry Maximum Pressure — Maximum pressure indicates the maximum permissible cold tire inflation pressure for this tire

Tire Identification Number (TIN) The TIN may be found on one or both sides of the tire, however, the date code may only be on one side. Tires with white sidewalls will have the full TIN, including the date code, located on the white sidewall side of the tire.

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Look for the TIN on the outboard side of black sidewall tires as mounted on the vehicle. If the TIN is not found on the outboard side, then you will find it on the inboard side of the tire.

DOT = Department of Transportation

— This symbol certifies that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation tire safety standards and is approved for highway use

EXAMPLE:

DOT MA L9 ABCD 0301

MA = Code representing the tire manufacturing location (two digits) L9 = Code representing the tire size (two digits) ABCD = Code used by the tire manufacturer (one to four digits) 03 = Number representing the week in which the tire was manufactured (two digits)

—03 means the 3rd week.

01 = Number representing the year in which the tire was manufactured (two digits)

—01 means the year 2001
— Prior to July 2000, tire manufacturers were only required to have one number to represent the year in which the tire was manufactured. Example: 031 could represent the 3rd week of 1981 or 1991

342 STARTING AND OPERATING

Tire Loading and Tire Pressure

Tire Placard Location NOTE: The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the driver’s side B-Pillar. Tire and Loading Information Placard

Tire and Loading Information Placard

This placard tells you important information about the: 1) number of people that can be carried in the vehicle 2) total weight your vehicle can carry 3) tire size designed for your vehicle 4) cold tire inflation pressures for the front, rear, and spare tires. Loading The vehicle maximum load on the tire must not exceed the load carrying capacity of the tire on your vehicle. You will not exceed the tire’s load carrying capacity if you adhere to the loading conditions, tire size, and cold tire inflation pressures specified on the Tire and Loading Information placard and in the “Vehicle Loading” section of this manual.

NOTE: Under a maximum loaded vehicle condition, gross axle weight ratings (GAWRs) for the front and rear axles must not be exceeded. For further information on GAWRs, vehicle loading, and trailer towing, refer to “Vehicle Loading” in this section. To determine the maximum loading conditions of your vehicle, locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX lbs or XXX kg” on the Tire and Loading Information placard. The combined weight of occupants, cargo/luggage and trailer tongue weight (if applicable) should never exceed the weight referenced here.

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Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement “The combined weight of occu- pants and cargo should never exceed XXX lbs or XXX kg” on your vehicle’s placard. 2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle. 3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and pas- sengers from XXX lbs or XXX kg. 4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if “XXX” amount equals 1,400 lbs (635 kg) and there will be five 150 lb (68 kg) passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs (295 kg) (since 5 x 150 = 750, and 1400 – 750 = 650 lbs [295 kg]).

344 STARTING AND OPERATING

5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4. 6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.

NOTE: • The following table shows examples on how to calcu- late total load, cargo/luggage, and towing capacities of your vehicle with varying seating configurations and number and size of occupants. This table is for illustration purposes only and may not be accurate for the seating and load carry capacity of your vehicle. • For the following example, the combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed 865 lbs (392 kg).

STARTING AND OPERATING 345

346 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

Overloading of your tires is dangerous. Overloading can cause tire failure, affect vehicle handling, and increase your stopping distance. Use tires of the recommended load capacity for your vehicle. Never overload them.

TIRES — GENERAL INFORMATION

Tire Pressure Proper tire inflation pressure is essential to the safe and satisfactory operation of your vehicle. Three primary areas are affected by improper tire pressure: Safety

WARNING!

• Improperly inflated tires are dangerous and can cause accidents. • Under-inflation increases tire flexing and can result in tire failure. • Over-inflation reduces a tire’s ability to cushion shock. Objects on the road and chuckholes can cause damage that result in tire failure.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• Unequal tire pressures can cause steering prob- lems. You could lose control of your vehicle. • Over-inflated or under-inflated tires can affect vehicle handling and can fail suddenly, resulting in loss of vehicle control. • Unequal tire pressures from one side of the vehicle to the other can cause the vehicle to drift to the right or left. • Always drive with each tire inflated to the recom- mended cold tire inflation pressure.

Economy Improper inflation pressures can cause uneven wear patterns to develop across the tire tread. These abnormal wear patterns will reduce tread life resulting in a need for

STARTING AND OPERATING 347

in higher

earlier tire replacement. Under-inflation also increases tire rolling resistance and results fuel consumption. Ride Comfort and Vehicle Stability Proper tire inflation contributes to a comfortable ride. Over-inflation produces a jarring and uncomfortable ride. Both under-inflation and over-inflation affect the stability of the vehicle and can produce a feeling of sluggish response or over responsiveness in the steering. Unequal tire pressures can cause erratic and unpredict- able steering response. Unequal tire pressure from side to side may cause the vehicle to drift left or right. Tire Inflation Pressures The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the driver’s side “B” Pillar.

348 STARTING AND OPERATING

The pressure should be checked and adjusted, as well as inspected for signs of tire wear or visible damage, at least once a month. Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check tire pressure. Do not make a visual judgement when determining proper inflation. Radial tires may look properly inflated even when they are under-inflated.

CAUTION!

After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure, al- ways reinstall the valve stem cap (if equipped). This will prevent moisture and dirt from entering the valve stem, which could damage it.

Inflation pressures specified on the placard are always cold tire inflation pressure. Cold tire inflation pressure is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours, or driven less than 1 mile

(1.6 km) after a three-hour period. The cold tire inflation pressure must not exceed the maximum inflation pres- sure molded into the tire sidewall. Check tire pressures more often if subject to a wide range of outdoor temperatures, as tire pressures vary with temperature changes. Tire pressures change by approximately 1 psi (7 kPa) per 12°F (7°C) of air temperature change. Keep this in mind when checking tire pressure inside a garage, especially in the winter. Example: If garage temperature = 68°F (20°C) and the outside temperature = 32°F (0°C) then the cold tire inflation pressure should be increased by 3 psi (21 kPa), which equals 1 psi (7 kPa) for every 12°F (7°C) for this outside temperature condition.

Tire pressure may increase from 2 to 6 psi (13 to 40 kPa) during operation. DO NOT reduce this normal pressure build-up, or your tire pressure will be too low. Tire Pressures For High Speed Operation The manufacturer advocates driving at safe speeds within posted speed limits. Where speed limits or condi- tions are such that the vehicle can be driven at high speeds, maintaining correct tire inflation pressure is very important. Increased tire pressure and reduced vehicle loading may be required for high-speed vehicle opera- tion. Refer to original equipment or an authorized tire dealer for recommended safe operating speeds, loading and cold tire inflation pressures.

STARTING AND OPERATING 349

WARNING!

High speed driving with your vehicle at or above maximum load is dangerous. The added strain on your tires could cause them to fail. You could have a serious accident. Do not drive a vehicle loaded to the maximum capacity at continuous speeds above 75 mph (120 km/h).

Radial-Ply Tires

WARNING!

Combining radial ply tires with other types of tires on your vehicle will cause your vehicle to handle poorly. The instability could cause an accident. Al- ways use radial tires in sets of four. Never combine them with other types of tires.

350 STARTING AND OPERATING

Cuts and punctures in radial tires are repairable only in the tread area because of sidewall flexing. Consult your authorized dealer for radial tire repairs. Compact Spare Tire — If Equipped The compact spare is for temporary emergency use with radial tires. It is engineered to be used on your style vehicle only. Since this tire has limited tread life, the original tire should be repaired (or replaced) and rein- stalled at the first opportunity.

WARNING!

Temporary use spare tires are for emergency use only. With these tires, do not drive more than 50 mph (80 km/h). Temporary use spare tires have limited tread life. When the tread is worn to the tread wear indicators, the temporary use spare tire needs to be replaced. Be sure to follow the warnings, which apply to your spare. Failure to do so could result in spare tire failure and loss of vehicle control.

Do not install a wheel cover or attempt to mount a conventional tire on the compact spare wheel, since the wheel is designed specifically for the compact spare. Do not install more than one compact spare tire/wheel on the vehicle at any given time.

CAUTION!

Because of the reduced ground clearance, do not take your vehicle through an automatic car wash with the compact spare installed. Damage to the vehicle may result.

Tire Spinning When stuck in mud, sand, snow, or ice conditions, do not spin your vehicle’s wheels above 35 mph (55 km/h).

WARNING!

Fast spinning tires can be dangerous. Forces generated by excessive wheel speeds may cause tire damage or failure. A tire could explode and injure someone. Do not spin your vehicle’s wheels faster than 35 mph (55 km/h) when you are stuck, and do not let anyone near a spinning wheel no matter what the speed.

STARTING AND OPERATING 351

Tread Wear Indicators Tread wear indicators are in the original equipment tires to help you in determining when your tires should be replaced.

1 — Worn Tire 2 — New Tire

352 STARTING AND OPERATING

These indicators are molded into the bottom of the tread grooves. They will appear as bands when the tread depth becomes 1/16 in (2 mm). When the indicators appear in two or more adjacent grooves, the tire should be replaced. Life Of Tire The service life of a tire is dependent upon various factors including but not limited to: • Driving style • Tire pressure • Distance driven

WARNING!

Tires and the spare tire should be replaced after six years, regardless of the remaining tread. Failure to follow this warning can result in sudden tire failure. You could lose control and have an accident resulting in serious injury or death.

Keep dismounted tires in a cool, dry place with as little exposure to light as possible. Protect tires from contact with oil, grease, and gasoline. Replacement Tires The tires on your new vehicle provide a balance of many characteristics. They should be inspected regularly for wear and correct cold tire inflation pressure. The manu- facturer strongly recommends that you use tires equiva- lent to the originals in size, quality and performance when replacement is needed. (Refer to the paragraph on “Tread Wear Indicators”). Refer to the “Tire and Loading Information” placard for the size designation of your tires. The service description and load identification will be found on the original equipment tire. Failure to use equivalent replacement tires may adversely affect the safety, handling, and ride of your vehicle. We recommend that you contact your original equipment or an autho- rized tire dealer with any questions you may have on tire specifications or capability.

WARNING!

• Do not use a tire, wheel size or rating other than that specified for your vehicle. Some combinations of unapproved tires and wheels may change sus- pension dimensions and performance characteris- tics, resulting in changes to steering, handling, and braking of your vehicle. This can cause unpredict- able handling and stress to steering and suspen- sion components. You could lose control and have an accident resulting in serious injury or death. Use only the tire and wheel sizes with load ratings approved for your vehicle. • Never use a tire with a smaller load index or capacity than what was originally equipped on your vehicle. Using a tire with a smaller load index could result in tire overloading and failure. You could lose control and have an accident.

(Continued)

STARTING AND OPERATING 353

WARNING! (Continued)

• Failure to equip your vehicle with tires having adequate speed capability can result in sudden tire failure and loss of vehicle control.

CAUTION!

Replacing original tires with tires of a different size may result in false speedometer and odometer read- ings.

TIRE CHAINS Use only compact chains, or other traction aids that meet SAE type “Class S” specifications. Chains must be the proper size for the vehicle, as recommended by the chain manufacturer. In addition, only install tire chains on P225/75R16 or smaller tires.

354 STARTING AND OPERATING

CAUTION!

To avoid damage to your vehicle, tires, or chains, observe the following precautions: • Do not use tire chains on vehicles equipped with tires other than P225/75R16 or smaller tires. There may not be adequate clearance for the chains and you are risking structural or body damage to your vehicle. • Because of limited chain clearance between tires and other suspension components, it is important that only chains in good condition are used. Bro- ken chains can cause serious vehicle damage. Stop the vehicle immediately if noise occurs that could suggest chain breakage. Remove the damaged parts of the chain before further use.

(Continued)

CAUTION! (Continued)

• Install chains on the rear wheels as tightly as possible and then retighten after driving about 1⁄2
mile (0.8 km).

bumps, especially with a loaded vehicle.

• Do not exceed 45 mph (72 km/h). • Drive cautiously and avoid severe turns and large • Use on Rear Wheels only. • Do not drive for a prolonged period on dry pave- • Observe the tire chain manufacturer’s instructions on method of installation, operating speed, and conditions for use. Always use the lower sug- gested operating speed of the chain manufacturer if different from the speed recommended by the manufacturer.

ment.

These cautions apply to all chain traction devices, includ- ing link and cable (radial) chains.

TIRE ROTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Tires on the front and rear axles of vehicles operate at different loads and perform different steering, handling, and braking functions. For these reasons, they wear at unequal rates, and develop irregular wear patterns. The suggested rotation method is the “forward-cross” shown in the following diagram.

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Tire Rotation

These effects can be reduced by timely rotation of tires. The benefits of rotation are especially worthwhile with aggressive tread designs such as those on On/Off Road type tires. Rotation will increase tread life, help to main- tain mud, snow, and wet traction levels, and contribute to a smooth, quiet ride.

356 STARTING AND OPERATING

Refer to the “Maintenance Schedule” in Section 8 of this manual for the proper maintenance intervals. Remember, more frequent rotation is permissible if desired. Also, correct for anything causing rapid or unusual wear prior to performing the tire rotation.

TIRE PRESSURE MONITOR SYSTEM (TPMS) The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) will warn the driver of a low tire pressure based on the vehicle recom- mended cold placard pressure. The tire pressure will vary with temperature by about 1 psi (6.9 kPa) for every 12°F (6.5°C). This means that when the outside temperature decreases, the tire pressure will decrease. Tire pressure should always be set based on cold inflation tire pressure. This is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours, or driven less than 1 mile (1 km) after a three hour period. The cold tire inflation pressure must not exceed the maximum inflation pressure molded into the

tire sidewall. Refer to the “Tires – General Information” in this section for information on how to properly inflate the vehicle’s tires. The tire pressure will also increase as the vehicle is driven. This is normal and there should be no adjustment for this increased pressure. The TPMS will warn the driver of a low tire pressure if the tire pressure falls below the low-pressure warning limit for any reason, including low temperature effects and natural pressure loss through the tire. The TPMS will continue to warn the driver of low tire pressure as long as the condition exists, and will not turn off until the tire pressure is at or above the recommended cold placard pressure. Once the low tire pressure warn- ing (Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light) illuminates, you must increase the tire pressure to the recommended cold placard pressure in order for the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light to turn off. The system will automatically update and the Tire Pressure Monitoring

Telltale Light will turn off once the system receives the updated tire pressures. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information. For example, your vehicle may have a recommended cold (parked for more than three hours) placard pressure of 33 psi (227 kPa). If the ambient temperature is 68°F (20°C) and the measured tire pressure is 28 psi (193 kPa), a temperature drop to 20°F (-7°C) will decrease the tire pressure to approximately 24 psi (165 kPa). This tire pressure is low enough to turn ON the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light. Driving the vehicle may cause the tire pressure to rise to approximately 28 psi (193 kPa), but the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will still be on. In this situation, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn off only after the tires are inflated to the vehicle’s recommended cold placard pressure value.

STARTING AND OPERATING 357

CAUTION!

• The TPMS has been optimized for the original equipment tires and wheels. TPMS pressures and warning have been established for the tire size equipped on your vehicle. Undesirable system operation or sensor damage may result when us- ing replacement equipment that is not of the same size, type, and/or style. Aftermarket wheels can cause sensor damage. Do not use aftermarket tire sealants or balance beads if your vehicle is equipped with a TPMS, as damage to the sensors may result. • After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure, always reinstall the valve stem cap. This will prevent moisture and dirt from entering the valve stem, which could damage the Tire Pressure Moni- toring Sensor.

358 STARTING AND OPERATING

while adjusting your tire pressure.

NOTE: • The TPMS is not intended to replace normal tire care and maintenance, or to provide warning of a tire failure or condition. • The TPMS should not be used as a tire pressure gauge • Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle’s handling and stopping ability. • The TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire mainte- nance, and it is the driver’s responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure using an accurate tire pressure gauge, even if under-inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the Tire Pressure Moni- toring Telltale Light.

• Seasonal temperature changes will affect tire pressure, and the TPMS will monitor the actual tire pressure in the tire.

Base System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses wireless technology with wheel rim mounted electronic sensors to monitor tire pressure levels. Sensors, mounted to each wheel as part of the valve stem, transmit tire pressure readings to the receiver module. It is particularly important for you to check the NOTE: tire pressure in all of the tires on your vehicle monthly and to maintain the proper pressure. The TPMS consists of the following components: • Receiver Module • Four Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensors • Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light

The matching full-size spare wheel and tire assembly (if equipped) has a tire pressure monitoring sensor. The matching full-size spare can be used in place of any of the four road tires. The TPMS will only monitor the pressure in the full-size spare when it is used in place of a road tire. Otherwise, a spare with a pressure below the low- pressure limit will not cause the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light to illuminate or the chime to sound. Tire Pressure Monitoring Low Pressure Warnings

The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will illuminate in the instrument cluster and a chime will sound when tire pressure is low in one or more of the four active road tires. Should this occur, you should stop as soon as possible, check the inflation pressure of each tire on your vehicle, and inflate each tire to the vehicle’s recommended cold placard pressure value. Once the system receives the updated tire pres- sures, the system will automatically update and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn off. The

STARTING AND OPERATING 359

vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information. Check TPMS Warning When a system fault is detected, the Tire Pressure Moni- toring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. The system fault will also sound a chime. If the ignition key is cycled, this sequence will repeat, providing the system fault still exists. The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn off when the fault condition no longer exists. A system fault can occur due to any of the following: 1. Jamming due to electronic devices or driving next to facilities emitting the same radio frequencies as the TPMS sensors. 2. Installing some form of aftermarket window tinting that affects radio wave signals.

360 STARTING AND OPERATING

3. Lots of snow or ice around the wheels or wheel housings. 4. Using tire chains on the vehicle. 5. Using wheels/tires not equipped with TPMS sensors. Vehicles with Full-Size Spare 1. The matching full-size spare wheel and tire assembly has a tire pressure monitoring sensor that can be moni- tored by the TPMS. 2. If you install the full-size spare in place of a road tire that has a pressure below the low-pressure warning limit, a chime will sound and the TPMS Telltale Light will turn on upon the next ignition key cycle. 3. Driving the vehicle for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) will turn off the TPMS Telltale Light, as long as no tire pressure is below the low-pressure warning limit in any of the four active road tires.

Vehicles with Compact Spare 1. The compact spare tire does not have a tire pressure monitoring sensor. Therefore, the TPMS will not monitor the pressure in the compact spare tire. 2. If you install the compact spare tire in place of a road tire that has a pressure below the low-pressure warning limit, a chime will sound and the TPMS Telltale Light will turn on upon the next ignition key cycle. 3. After driving the vehicle for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h), the TPMS Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. 4. For each subsequent ignition key cycle, a chime will sound and the TPMS Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. 5. Once you repair or replace the original road tire and reinstall it on the vehicle in place of the compact spare, the TPMS will update automatically and the TPMS

Telltale Light will turn off, as long as no tire pressure is below the low-pressure warning limit in any of the four active road tires. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information. Premium System — If Equipped The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses wireless technology with wheel rim mounted electronic sensors to monitor tire pressure levels. Sensors, mounted to each wheel as part of the valve stem, transmit tire pressure readings to the receiver module. It is particularly important for you to check the NOTE: tire pressure in all of the tires on your vehicle monthly and to maintain the proper pressure. The TPMS consists of the following components: • Receiver Module • Four Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensors

STARTING AND OPERATING 361

wheel-wells)

• Three Trigger Modules (mounted in three of the four • Various Tire Pressure Monitoring System messages, which display in the Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC)

• Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light The matching full size spare wheel and tire assembly (if equipped) has a tire pressure monitoring sensor. The full size spare can be used in place of any of the four road tires. A spare with a pressure below the low-pressure limit will not cause the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light to illuminate or the chime to sound. However, it will cause a “SPARE LOW PRESSURE” message to display in the EVIC.

362 STARTING AND OPERATING

Tire Pressure Monitoring Low Pressure Warnings

The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will illuminate in the instrument cluster and a chime will sound when tire pressure is low in one or more of the four active road tires. In addition, the Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC) will display a graphic showing the pressure values of each tire with the low tire pressure values flashing.

Should this occur, you should stop as soon as possible and inflate the tires with low pressure (those flashing in the EVIC graphic) to the vehicle’s recommended cold placard pressure value. Once the system receives the updated tire pressures, the system will automatically update, the graphic display in the EVIC will stop flash- ing, and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn off. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information. Check TPMS Warning When a system fault is detected, the Tire Pressure Moni- toring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. The system fault will also sound a chime. In addition, the EVIC will display a ⬙CHECK TPM SYSTEM⬙ message for three seconds and then display dashes (- -) in place of the pressure value to indicate which sensor is not being received.

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1. Jamming due to electronic devices or driving next to facilities emitting the same radio frequencies as the TPMS sensors. 2. Installing some form of aftermarket window tinting that affects radio wave signals. 3. Lots of snow or ice around the wheels or wheel housings. 4. Using tire chains on the vehicle. 5. Using wheels/tires not equipped with TPMS sensors. Vehicles with Full-Size Spare 1. The matching full size spare wheel and tire assembly has a tire pressure monitoring sensor that can be moni- tored by the TPMS. 2. If you install the full size spare in place of a road tire that has a pressure below the low-pressure warning limit, a chime will sound and the TPMS Telltale Light will turn

If the ignition key is cycled, this sequence will repeat, providing the system fault still exists. If the system fault no longer exists, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will no longer flash, and the ⬙CHECK TPM SYS- TEM⬙ message will no longer display, and a pressure value will display in place of the dashes. A system fault can occur due to any of the following:

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on upon the next ignition key cycle. In addition, the EVIC will display a Low Pressure message and a graphic showing the low tire pressure value flashing. 3. After driving the vehicle for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) the TPMS Telltale Light will turn OFF, as long as no tire pressure is below the low-pressure warning limit in any of the four active road tires. 4. The EVIC will display a graphic showing the tire pressure value in place of the flashing low tire pressure value. The EVIC will also display a “SPARE LOW PRESSURE” message to remind you to service the flat tire. Vehicles with Compact Spare 1. The compact spare tire does not have a tire pressure monitoring sensor. Therefore, the TPMS will not monitor the pressure in the compact spare tire.

2. If you install the compact spare tire in place of a road tire that has a pressure below the low-pressure warning limit, upon the next ignition key cycle, the TPMS Telltale Light will remain on and a chime will sound. In addition, the graphic in the EVIC will still display a flashing pressure value. 3. After driving the vehicle for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h), the TPMS Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. In addition, the EVIC will display a ⬙CHECK TPM SYS- TEM⬙ message for three seconds and then display dashes (- -) in place of the pressure value. 4. For each subsequent ignition key cycle, a chime will sound, the TPMS Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid, and the EVIC will display a ⬙CHECK TPM SYSTEM⬙ message for three seconds and then display dashes (- -) in place of the pressure value.

5. Once you repair or replace the original road tire and reinstall it on the vehicle in place of the compact spare, the TPMS will update automatically. In addition, the TPMS Telltale Light will turn off and the graphic in the EVIC will display a new pressure value instead of dashes (- -), as long as no tire pressure is below the low-pressure warning limit in any of the four active road tires. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information. General Information This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and RSS 210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference. • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

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The tire pressure sensors are covered under one of the following licenses:

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KR5S120123
Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2671-S120123

FUEL REQUIREMENTS

Your engine is designed to meet all emis- sions regulations and provide excellent fuel economy and performance when us- ing high quality unleaded “regular” gaso- line having an octane rating of 87. The use of premium gasoline is not recommended, as it will not provide any benefit over regular gasoline in these engines. Light spark knock at low engine speeds is not harmful to your engine. However, continued heavy spark knock at high speeds can cause damage and immediate service is required. Poor quality gasoline can cause problems such

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as hard starting, stalling, and hesitations. If you experi- ence these symptoms, try another brand of gasoline before considering service for the vehicle. Over 40 auto manufacturers worldwide have issued and endorsed consistent gasoline specifications (the World- wide Fuel Charter, WWFC) which define fuel properties necessary to deliver enhanced emissions, performance, and durability for your vehicle. The manufacturer recom- mends the use of gasoline that meets the WWFC speci- fications if they are available. Reformulated Gasoline Many areas of the country require the use of cleaner burning gasoline referred to as “Reformulated Gasoline.” Reformulated gasolines contain oxygenates, and are spe- cifically blended to reduce vehicle emissions and im- prove air quality.

The manufacturer supports the use of reformulated gaso- lines. Properly blended reformulated gasolines will pro- vide excellent performance and durability of engine and fuel system components. Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends Some fuel suppliers blend unleaded gasoline with oxy- genates such as 10% ethanol, MTBE, and ETBE. Oxygen- ates are required in some areas of the country during the winter months to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. Fuels blended with these oxygenates may be used in your vehicle.

CAUTION!

DO NOT use gasolines containing Methanol or E85
Ethanol. Use of these blends may result in starting and drivability problems and may damage critical fuel system components.

Problems that result from using methanol/gasoline or E85 Ethanol blends are not the responsibility of the manufacturer. While MTBE is an oxygenate made from Methanol, it does not have the negative effects of Methanol. E-85 Usage In Non-Flex Fuel Vehicles Non-FFV vehicles are compatible with gasoline contain- ing 10% ethanol (E10). Gasoline with higher ethanol content may void the vehicle’s warranty. If a Non-FFV vehicle is inadvertently fueled with E-85
fuel, the engine will have some or all of these symptoms: • operate in a lean mode • OBD II “Malfunction Indicator Light” on • poor engine performance • poor cold start and cold drivability • increased risk for fuel system component corrosion

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To fix a Non-FFV vehicle inadvertently fueled once with E-85 perform the following: • drain the fuel tank (see your authorized dealer) • change the engine oil and oil filter • disconnect and reconnect the battery to reset the

engine controller memory

More extensive repairs will be required for prolonged exposure to E-85 fuel. MMT In Gasoline MMT is a manganese containing metallic additive that is blended into some gasoline to increase octane. Gasoline blended with MMT provides no performance advantage beyond gasoline of the same octane number without MMT. Gasoline blended with MMT reduces spark plug life and reduces emission system performance in some vehicles. The manufacturer recommends that gasoline without MMT be used in your vehicle. The MMT content

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of gasoline may not be indicated on the gasoline pump; therefore, you should ask your gasoline retailer whether the gasoline contains MMT. It is even more important to look for gasolines without MMT in Canada, because MMT can be used at levels higher than those allowed in the United States. MMT is prohibited in Federal and California reformulated gasoline. Materials Added To Fuel All gasoline sold in the United States is required to contain effective detergent additives. Use of additional detergents or other additives is not needed under normal conditions and they would result in additional cost. Therefore, you should not have to add anything to the fuel.

Fuel System Cautions

CAUTION!

Use the following guidelines to maintain your vehi- cle’s performance: • The use of leaded gas is prohibited by Federal law. Using leaded gasoline can impair engine performance, and damage the emission control system. • An out-of-tune engine, or certain fuel or ignition malfunctions, can cause the catalytic converter to overheat. If you notice a pungent burning odor or some light smoke, your engine may be out of tune or malfunctioning and may require immediate service. Contact your authorized dealer for service assistance.

• The use of fuel additives, which are now being sold as octane enhancers, is not recommended. Most of these products contain high concentrations of methanol. Fuel system damage or vehicle performance problems resulting from the use of such fuels or additives is not the responsibility of the manufacturer.

Intentional tampering with emissions control in civil penalties being assessed

NOTE: systems can result against you. Carbon Monoxide Warnings

WARNING!

Carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaust gases is deadly. Follow the precautions below to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

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• Do not inhale exhaust gases. They contain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas, which can kill. Never run the engine in a closed area, such as a garage, and never sit in a parked vehicle with the engine running for an extended period. If the vehicle is stopped in an open area with the engine running for more than a short period, adjust the ventilation system to force fresh, outside air into the vehicle. • Guard against carbon monoxide with proper mainte- nance. Have the exhaust system inspected every time the vehicle is raised. Have any abnormal conditions repaired promptly. Until repaired, drive with all side windows fully open. • Keep the trunk closed when driving your vehicle to prevent carbon monoxide and other poisonous ex- haust gases from entering the vehicle.

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ADDING FUEL

Fuel Filler Cap (Gas Cap) The gas cap is located behind the fuel filler door on the left side of the vehicle. If the gas cap is lost or damaged, be sure the replacement cap is designed for use with this vehicle.

CAUTION!

the fuel system.

• Damage to the fuel system or emission control system could result from using an improper fuel tank filler tube cap (gas cap). • A poorly fitting gas cap could let impurities into • A poorly fitting gas cap may cause the Malfunc- • To avoid fuel spillage and overfilling, do not “top off” the fuel tank after filling. When the fuel nozzle “clicks” or shuts off, the fuel tank is full.

tion Indicator Light (MIL) to turn on.

Fuel Filler Cap

WARNING!

• Never have any smoking materials lit in or near the vehicle when the gas cap is removed or the tank filled.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

running.

• Never add fuel to the vehicle when the engine is • A fire may result if gasoline is pumped into a portable container that is inside of a vehicle. You could be burned. Always place gas containers on the ground while filling.

NOTE: • Tighten the gas cap until you hear a “clicking” sound. This is an indication that the gas cap is tightened properly. The MIL in the instrument cluster may turn on if the gas cap is not secured properly. Make sure that the gas cap is tightened each time the vehicle is refueled. • When the fuel nozzle “clicks” or shuts off, the fuel

tank is full.

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Loose Fuel Filler Cap Message If the vehicle diagnostic system determines that the fuel filler cap in loose, improperly installed, or damaged, a “gASCAP” message will display in the instrument clus- ter. Tighten the gas cap until a “clicking” sound is heard. This is an indication that the gas cap is properly tight- ened. Press the trip odometer reset button to turn off the message. If the problem persists, the message will appear the next time the vehicle is started. This might indicate a damaged cap. If the problem is detected twice in a row, the system will turn on the MIL. Resolving the problem will turn the MIL light off.

VEHICLE LOADING

Certification Label As required by National Highway Traffic Safety Admin- istration regulations, your vehicle has a certification label affixed to the driver’s side door or B-Pillar.

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This label contains the month and year of manufacture, Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) front and rear, and Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). A Month-Day-Hour (MDH) number is included on this label and indicates the month, day, and hour of manufacture. The bar code that appears on the bottom of the label is your VIN. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) The GVWR is the total permissible weight of your vehicle including driver, passengers, vehicle, options, trailer tongue weight, and cargo. The label also specifies maxi- mum capacities of front and rear axle systems (GAWR). Total load must be limited, so GVWR, and front and rear GAWR are not exceeded. Payload The payload of a vehicle is defined as the allowable load weight a truck can carry, including the weight of the driver, all passengers, options and cargo.

Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) The GAWR is the maximum permissible load on the front and rear axles. The load must be distributed in the cargo area so that the GAWR of each axle is not exceeded. Each axle’s GAWR is determined by the components in the system with the lowest load carrying capacity (axle, springs, tires, or wheels). Heavier axles or suspension components, sometimes specified by purchasers for in- creased durability, does not necessarily increase the ve- hicle’s GVWR. Tire Size The tire size on the label represents the actual tire size on your vehicle. Replacement tires must be equal to the load capacity of this tire size. Rim Size This is the rim size that is appropriate for the tire size listed.

Inflation Pressure This is the cold tire inflation pressure for your vehicle for all loading conditions up to full GAWR. Curb Weight The curb weight of a vehicle is defined as the total weight of the vehicle with all fluids, including vehicle fuel, at full capacity conditions, and with no occupants or cargo loaded into the vehicle. The front and rear curb weight values are determined by weighing your vehicle on a commercial scale before any occupants or cargo are added. Loading The actual total weight and the weight of the front and rear of your vehicle at the ground can best be determined by weighing it when it is loaded and ready for operation.

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The entire vehicle should first be weighed on a commer- cial scale to ensure that the GVWR has not been ex- ceeded. The weight on the front and rear of the vehicle should then be determined separately to be sure that the load is properly distributed over front and rear axle. Weighing the vehicle may show that the GAWR of either the front or rear axles has been exceeded, but the total load is within the specified GVWR. If so, weight must be shifted from front to rear, or rear to front, as appropriate until the specified weight limitations are met. Store the heavier items down low and be sure that the weight is distributed equally. Stow all loose items securely before driving. Improper weight distributions can have an adverse affect on the way your vehicle steers and handles, and the way the brakes operate.

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CAUTION!

Do not load your vehicle any heavier than the GVWR or the maximum front and rear GAWR. If you do, parts on your vehicle can break, or it can change the way your vehicle handles. This could cause you to lose control. Also, overloading can shorten the life of your vehicle.

TRAILER TOWING In this section, you will find safety tips and information on limits to the type of towing you can reasonably do with your vehicle. Before towing a trailer, carefully review this information to tow your load as efficiently and safely as possible. To maintain warranty coverage, follow the requirements and recommendations in this manual concerning ve- hicles used for trailer towing.

Common Towing Definitions The following trailer towing related definitions will assist you in understanding the following information: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) The GVWR is the total allowable weight of your vehicle. This includes driver, passengers, cargo, and tongue weight. The total load must be limited so that you do not exceed the GVWR. Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) The GTW is the weight of the trailer plus the weight of all cargo, consumables, and equipment (permanent or tem- porary) loaded in or on the trailer in its ⬙loaded and ready for operation⬙ condition. The recommended way to measure GTW is to put your fully loaded trailer on a vehicle scale. The entire weight of the trailer must be supported by the scale.

WARNING!

WARNING!

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If the Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) is 3,500 lbs (1 587 kg) or more, it is mandatory to use a weight-distributing hitch to ensure stable handling of your vehicle. If you use a standard weight- carrying hitch, you could lose control of your vehicle and cause an accident.

Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) The GCWR is the total permissible weight of your vehicle and trailer when weighed in combination. NOTE: The GCWR rating includes a 150 lbs (68 kg) allowance for the presence of a driver. Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) The GAWR is the maximum capacity of the front and rear axles. Distribute the load over the front and rear axles evenly. Make sure that you do not exceed either front or rear GAWR.

It is important that you do not exceed the maximum front or rear GAWR. A dangerous driving condition can result if either rating is exceeded. You could lose control of the vehicle and have an accident.

Tongue Weight (TW) The tongue weight is the downward force exerted on the hitch ball by the trailer. In most cases, it should not be less than 10% or more than 15% of the trailer load. You must consider this as part of the load on your vehicle. Frontal Area The frontal area is the maximum height and maximum width of the front of a trailer.

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Trailer Sway Control — Electronic Refer to “TSC (Trailer Sway Control)” under “Electronic Brake Control System” in this section for information on this system. Trailer Sway Control — Mechanical The trailer sway control is a telescoping link that can be installed between the hitch receiver and the trailer tongue that typically provides adjustable friction associated with the telescoping motion to dampen any unwanted trailer swaying motions while traveling. Weight-Carrying Hitch A weight-carrying hitch supports the trailer tongue weight, just as if it were luggage located at a hitch ball or some other connecting point of the vehicle. These kinds of hitches are the most popular on the market today and they are commonly used to tow small- and medium- sized trailers.

Weight-Distributing Hitch A weight-distributing system works by applying lever- age through spring (load) bars. They are typically used for heavier loads, to distribute trailer tongue weight to the tow vehicle’s front axle and the trailer axle(s). When used in accordance with the manufacturers’ directions, it provides for a more level ride, offering more consistent steering and brake control thereby enhancing towing safety. The addition of a friction/hydraulic sway control also dampens sway caused by traffic and crosswinds and contributes positively to tow vehicle and trailer stability. Trailer sway control and a weight distributing (load