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loosened.
WARNING
Failure to retighten wheel lug nuts at mileages specified could allow wheels to come off while the vehicle is in motion.
Jump-Starting Your Vehicle Your vehicle’s battery may die if you leave the lights on or any electrical equipment on after you turn the engine off. If this happens, you may be able to jump-start your vehicle with a booster battery.
WARNING
The gases around the battery can explode if exposed to flames, sparks, or lit cigarettes. An explosion could result in injury or vehicle damage.
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WARNING
To protect yourself when charging a battery, always shield your face and eyes. Make sure that you can breathe fresh air.
WARNING
Applying too much pressure on the ends when lifting a battery could cause acid to spill. Lift the battery with a carrier or with your hands on the opposite corners.
WARNING
Batteries contain sulfuric acid which burns skin, eyes, and clothing.
If the acid touches someone’s skin, eyes, or clothing, immediately flush the area with water for at least 15 minutes. If someone swallows the acid, have him or her drink lots of milk or water first, then Milk of Magnesia, a beaten egg, or vegetable oil. Call a doctor immediately.
WARNING
Do not push-start your vehicle. You could damage the catalytic converter. For further information, see Jumper Cables in the Index.
WARNING
To avoid damage or injury, follow these directions in the order they are given. If in doubt, call for road service.
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Roadside Emergencies
Preparing Your Vehicle
1. Your vehicle has a 12-volt starting system, so you need to
use a 12-volt jumper system. You will damage your starting motor, ignition system, and other electrical parts if you connect them to a 24-volt power supply (either two 12-volt batteries in series or a 24-volt generator set).
2. Do not disconnect the battery of the disabled vehicle. You
could damage the vehicle’s electrical system.
3. Park the booster vehicle close to the hood of the disabled
vehicle. Make sure the vehicles do not touch each other. Set the parking brake on both vehicles and stay clear of the engine cooling fan and other moving parts.
4. Check all battery terminals and remove any excessive
corrosion before you attach the jumper cables.
5. Turn on the heater fan in both vehicles. Turning on the fan helps protect the electrical system from voltage surges. Turn off all other switches and lights in both vehicles to prevent possible damage to either vehicle’s electrical systems.
Connecting the jumper cables
1. Connect one end of the first jumper cable to the positive (+)
terminal of the discharged battery. (You can connect either jumper cable to the positive (+) terminal, as long as you use the same cable for both positive terminals.) Most jumper cables have a red cable and a black cable. The red cable is generally used for the positive terminals and the black for the negative ones.
2. Connect the other end of the first cable to the positive (+)
terminal of the booster battery.
3. Connect one end of the second cable to the negative (Ҁ) terminal of the booster battery — NOT to the discharged battery.
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4. Connect the other end of that cable to a good metallic
surface on the engine or frame of the disabled vehicle. The following illustration shows where you can find a metallic surface.
WARNING
Do not connect the end of the second cable to the negative (Ҁ) terminal of the battery to be jumped. A spark may cause an explosion of the gases that surround the battery.
Attaching jumper cables
Jump-Starting
1. Make sure that the jumper cables are not in the way of
moving engine parts, then start the booster vehicle. Run the engine at a moderate speed.
2. Let the discharged battery charge for a few minutes and then start the disabled vehicle. It may take a couple of tries before the vehicle starts. If the vehicle does not start after several attempts, there may be a different problem.
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Roadside Emergencies
3. When both vehicles are running, let them idle for a few
minutes to charge the discharged battery.
Removing jumper cables
1. Always remove the jumper cables in the reverse order.
Remove the negative (Ҁ) end of the jumper cable from the metallic surface on the engine or frame of the disabled vehicle.
2. Remove the negative (Ҁ) cable from the booster battery.
3. Remove the positive (+) cable from the booster battery.
4. Remove the other end of the positive (+) cable from the
discharged battery.
After the vehicle is started, let it idle for a while to let the engine “relearn” its idle conditions. Drive it around for a while with all electrical accessories turned off to let the battery recharge. Driveability may be deteriorated slightly until all drive modes are “relearned.” You may need to use a battery charger to fully recharge the battery.
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If you need to replace your battery, see Battery in the Maintenance and Care chapter.
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Towing Your Vehicle If you need to have your vehicle towed, contact a professional towing service or, if you are a member, your roadside assistance center.
Ranger 4x2/4x4
The recommended method to tow your Ranger is with flatbed or wheel lift equipment. However, slingbelt towing is acceptable.
Ranger without rear bumper
The recommended method to tow your Ranger is with flatbed or wheel lift equipment. However, slingbelt towing is acceptable. Be sure to remove the undervehicle spare tire before attaching slingbelt towing equipment.
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Roadside Emergencies
When calling for a tow truck, tell the operator what kind of vehicle you have. A towing manual is available from Ford Motor Company for all authorized tow truck operators. Have your tow truck driver refer to this manual for the proper hook-up and towing procedures for your vehicle.
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Recreational Towing — All wheels on the ground
Towing your vehicle can be successfully performed by following the appropriate guidelines for the type of powertrain on the vehicle to be towed. The following guidelines, by powertrain combination, are designed to ensure that the transmission is not damaged due to insufficient lubrication.
4 x 2 — Automatic transmission n Release the parking brake. n Place transmission gearshift in N (Neutral). n Maximum speed is 35 mph (56 km/h). n Maximum distance is 50 miles (80 km).
If a distance of 50 miles (80 km) or speed of 35 mph (56 km/h) will be exceeded, you must: n Disconnect the driveshaft at the rear differential and properly
support it under the vehicle.
n Mark the driveshaft and axle flanges to ensure proper
position when reconnecting the driveshaft. Refer to service manual for proper driveshaft fastener torque specification. (See the Accessories chapter for information on ordering service manuals.)
WARNING
When disconnecting/installing the driveshaft, the parking brake must be set and the wheels blocked to ensure the vehicle does not roll.
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n Maximum speed is 55 mph (88 km/h), unlimited distance.
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Roadside Emergencies
4 x 2 — Manual transmission n Release the parking brake. n Place the transmission gearshift in the neutral position. n Maximum speed is limited by towing equipment
manufacturer’s recommendation, unlimited distance.
4 x 4 — Manual shift transfer case n Release the parking brake. n Place the transmission gearshift in the neutral position. n Place the transfer case gearshift in the neutral position. n Set the manual locking hubs in the FREE position. n Maximum speed is 55 mph (88 km/h), unlimited distance. 4 x 4 Electric shift transfer case n Release the parking brake. n Place the transmission gearshift in the neutral position. n Ensure the transfer case is in 2H and the auto hubs are
unlocked.
NOTE: Both the 4WD and 4WD Low indicator lights in the
instrument panel will be off when the 4WD switch is in 2WD.
For automatic transmissions: n Maximum speed is 35 mph (56 km/h). n Maximum distance is 50 miles (80 km).
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If a distance of 50 miles (80 km) or speed of 35 mph (56 km/h) will be exceeded, you must: n Remove the rear driveshaft. n Mark the driveshaft and transfer case/axle flanges to ensure
proper position when installing the driveshaft. Refer to service manual for proper driveshaft torque specification.
WARNING
When disconnecting/installing the driveshaft, the parking brake must be set and the wheels blocked to ensure the vehicle does not roll.
n Maximum speed is 55 mph (88 km/h), unlimited distance.
For manual transmissions: n Maximum speed is 55 mph (88 km/h), unlimited distance.
Limited vehicle operation, such as driving the vehicle while at a campsite, can be accomplished with the rear driveshaft removed by using the front drive to propel the vehicle. To operate the vehicle in this condition, you must follow the following guidelines: n Place the transfer case in 4WD by rotating 4WD switch to
4WD HIGH.
n Drive the vehicle only on good surface roads to avoid
excessive loads on the front-wheel drive system.
n Maximum speed is 35 mph (56 km/h). n Maximum distance is 50 miles (80 km). n Avoid quick acceleration and steep grades.
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Roadside Emergencies
To return the vehicle to a towable condition, you must: n Place the transfer case in 2WD by rotating the 4WD switch
to 2WD.
NOTE: Both the 4WD and 4WD Low indicator lights in the instrument cluster will be off when the transfer case is in 2WD.
n After 2WD is selected, the front hubs must be “unlocked” by moving the vehicle in reverse direction for a minimum of ten feet.
n Confirm the front hubs are unlocked by inspecting the front
drive shaft to verify it does not turn when the vehicle is towed.
In addition to the above guidelines, it is recommended that you follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the towing apparatus.
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Maintenance and Care
Service Made Easy Ford has two goals for servicing your vehicle.
1. When we can, we design parts that do not need to be
serviced.
2. We want to make servicing your vehicle as easy as possible.
To help you:
n We highlight do-it-yourself items in yellow in the engine
compartment so that you can find them easily.
n When possible, we design parts that can be replaced without
tools.
n We give you a Maintenance Schedule that makes tracking
routine service for your vehicle easy. The maintenance schedule is located in the Maintenance Schedule booklet.
This chapter tells you about the basic parts that you need to check and service regularly.
If your vehicle needs professional servicing, your dealership can provide the parts and service required. Check your Warranty Information Booklet to find out which parts and services are covered. Also see the Customer Assistance chapter of this Owner Guide.
Ford Motor Company recommends that the Owner Maintenance Checks listed in the Maintenance Schedule booklet be performed for the proper operation of your vehicle. In addition to the conditions listed in the Owner Maintenance Checklist, be alert for any unusual noise, vibration, or other indication that your vehicle may need service. If you do notice something unusual, see that your vehicle is serviced promptly.
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NOTE: Always dispose of used automotive fluids in a responsible manner. Follow your community’s standards for disposing of these types of fluids. Call your local recycling center to find out about recycling automotive fluids.
Precautions When Servicing Your Vehicle Be especially careful when inspecting or servicing your vehicle. Here are some general precautions for your safety: n If you must work with the engine running, avoid wearing loose clothing or jewelry that could get caught in moving parts. Take appropriate precautions with long hair.
n Do not work on a vehicle in an enclosed space with the
engine running, unless you are sure you have enough ventilation.
n Never get under a vehicle while it is supported only by a jack. If you must work under a vehicle, use safety stands. n Keep all lit cigarettes and other smoking materials away
from the battery and all fuel-related parts.
If you disconnect the battery, the engine must “relearn” its idle conditions before your vehicle will drive properly. To find out how the engine does this, see Battery in this chapter.
Working with the engine off:
1. Set the parking brake fully and make sure that the gearshift
is securely latched in P (Park).
2. Remove the key from the ignition after you turn the engine
off.
3. Block the wheels. This will prevent your vehicle from
moving unexpectedly.
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Maintenance and Care
Working with the engine on:
1. Set the parking brake fully, and make sure the gearshift is
securely latched in P (Park) (automatic transmission) or Neutral (manual transmission) and block the wheels.
2. Block the wheels. This will prevent your vehicle from
moving unexpectedly.
WARNING
Do not start your engine with the air cleaner removed and do not remove it while the engine is running.
Opening the Hood
1. Pull the hood release handle, located below the steering
column.
Hood release handle
2. While applying upward pressure on the hood, lift the hood latch handle located in the opening between the hood and upper portion of the grille near the center, to your left, as you face the front of the vehicle.
3. Disconnect the hood support from the retaining clip on the radiator support and place it into the slot marked PROP in the underside of the hood.
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Hood and support
NOTE: Read and understand Precautions When Servicing Your
Vehicle at the beginning of this chapter before opening the hood.
To close the hood, raise it so that the support rod comes away from the slotted hole in the hood. Place the support rod in its retaining clip and close the hood with enough force to make it latch. Be sure to oil the hood latch every six months to maintain smooth operation.
Always attempt to lift the hood after closing to be sure it is securely latched.
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Maintenance and Care
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Engine Compartment Your vehicle has one of the following types of engines: n A 2.3 Liter EFI, I-4 twin plug engine, or n A 3.0 Liter SEFI, V-6 engine or n A 4.0 Liter SEFI, V-6 engine.
The following pages show diagrams of each engine type and where to find items that you should regularly service.
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Maintenance and Care
Engine Oil Recommendations We recommend using Motorcraft oil or an equivalent oil meeting Ford Specification WSS-M2C153-F and displaying the American Petroleum Institute CERTIFICATION MARK on the front of the container.
The API Certification Mark
Never use: n “Non-Detergent” oils n Oils labeled API SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF or SG n Additional engine oil additives, oil treatments or engine
treatments
Engine oils with an SAE 5W-30 viscosity are PREFERRED for your vehicle. They provide the best engine performance, fuel economy and engine protection for all climates down to -15˚F (-25˚C). Synthetic engine oils which are CERTIFIED and of the preferred viscosity may be used in your engine. The engine oil and oil filter must still be changed according to the maintenance schedule.
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NOTE: Ford production and aftermarket (Motorcraft) oil
filters are designed for added engine protection and long life. If a replacement oil filter is used that does not meet Ford material and design specifications, startup engine noises or knock may be experienced. It is recommended you use the appropriate Motorcraft oil filter (or another brand meeting Ford specifications) for your engine application.
Checking and Adding Engine Oil Since the proper amount of engine oil is important for safe engine operation, check the oil using the dipstick each time you put fuel in your vehicle. Remember the engine must be off, the oil must be warm and the vehicle must be parked on level ground. Checking the engine oil level: 1. Turn the engine off after it has warmed up and allow a few
minutes for the engine oil to drain back into the oil pan.
2. Set the parking brake, making sure the gearshift is securely
latched in P (Park) or 1 (manual transmission).
3. Open the hood. Protect yourself from engine heat. 4. Locate the engine oil dipstick (highlighted in yellow) and
carefully pull it out of the engine.
5. Wipe the dipstick clean and put it back into position, making
sure it is fully seated.
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Maintenance and Care
Engine oil dipstick
6. Carefully, pull the dipstick out again. If the oil level is below
the “ADD” line, add engine oil as necessary. If the oil level is beyond the letter “F” in Full, engine damage or high oil consumption may occur and some oil must be removed from the engine.
7. Put the dipstick back in and make sure it is fully seated.
It may be necessary to add some oil between oil changes. Make sure you use a CERTIFIED engine oil of the preferred viscosity. Your vehicle’s warranty coverage may not apply if engine damage is caused by the use of improper engine oil.
Add engine oil through the oil filler cap highlighted in yellow. To add oil, remove the filler cap and use a funnel to pour oil into the opening. Be careful not to overfill the engine. Recheck the oil level after you finish adding oil.
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Changing the Engine Oil and the Oil Filter
Change the engine oil and oil filter per the following, whichever occurs first:
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Refer to the Maintenance Schedule booklet for additional information.
NOTE: See Refill Capacities, Motorcraft Parts and Lubrication Specifications in the Capacities and Specifications chapter for the appropriate oil filter and engine oil refill quantity.
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Maintenance and Care
NOTE: Always dispose of used automotive fluids in a responsible manner. Follow your community’s standards for disposing of these types of fluids. Call your local recycling center to find out about recycling automotive fluids.
WARNING
Continuous contact with USED motor oil has caused cancer in laboratory mice.
Protect your skin by washing with soap and water. Brake Fluid Your vehicle is equipped with a brake fluid level indicator in the master cylinder which lights the BRAKE warning light on the instrument panel when the brake fluid level is low.
Under normal circumstances, your vehicle should not use up brake fluid rapidly. However, expect the level of the brake fluid to slowly fall as you put more mileage on your vehicle and the brake pads wear.
Check the brake fluid at least once a year. You can do this by looking at the fluid level in the plastic brake fluid reservoir on the master cylinder. The fluid level should be at or near the MAX mark.
Brake master cylinder
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Brake fluid is toxic.
WARNING
If brake fluid contacts eyes, flush eyes with running water for 15 minutes. Get medical attention if irritation persists. If taken internally, drink water and induce vomiting. Get medical attention immediately.
If the fluid is low, carefully clean and remove the cap from the reservoir. Fill the reservoir to the MAX line with Ford High Performance DOT 3 Brake Fluid C6AZ-19542-AB, or equivalent DOT 3 fluid meeting Ford specification ESA-M6C25-A.
NOTE: If brake fluid is spilled on painted surfaces, it must
be flushed and wiped away immediately. Brake fluid may dissolve the paint finish on your vehicle.
WARNING
If you use a brake fluid that is not DOT 3, you will cause permanent damage to your brakes.
Do not fill the reservoir above the MAX line.
If you find that the fluid level is excessively low — below the seam or ridge on the outside of the plastic reservoir — have the brake system inspected.
WARNING
Do not let the reservoir for the master cylinder run dry. This may cause the brakes to fail.
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Maintenance and Care
Clutch Fluid (If equipped) During normal operation the fluid level in the clutch reservoir will slowly rise. If for any reason the fluid level drops, maintain the fluid level at the step in the reservoir body.
If it becomes necessary to remove the reservoir cap, thoroughly clean the reservoir cap before removing it to prevent dirt or water from entering the reservoir. Remove the internal diaphragm and then add only a DOT 3 brake fluid such as Ford High Performance DOT 3 Brake Fluid (Ford Part Number C6AZ-19542-AB) Ford specification ESA-M6C25-A.
The clutch on your vehicle is automatically self-adjusting and should not require any routine service.
Clutch fluid reservoir Windshield Washer Fluid Check the level of the windshield washer fluid every time you stop for fuel. The reservoir for washer fluid is located on the passenger’s side of the engine compartment. Visual inspection can determine if the washer fluid is adequate. Do not operate the washer when the reservoir is empty.
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WARNING
Do not put windshield washer fluid in the container for the engine coolant.
Adding windshield washer fluid
Use specially formulated windshield washer fluid rather than plain water, because specially formulated washer fluids contain additives that dissolve road grime. For safety reasons, washer fluids containing an appropriate antifreeze such as methanol should be used in freezing weather (temperatures below 32˚F [0˚C]). State or local regulations on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) may restrict use of the most common antifreeze, methanol. Washer fluids containing non-methanol antifreeze agents should be used only if they provide cold weather protection without damaging the vehicle’s paint finish, wiper blades, and windshield washer system.
If you choose to use a windshield washing solution that must be mixed, follow the manufacturer’s mixing instructions. Improperly mixed solutions may freeze unexpectedly.
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Maintenance and Care
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Windshield washer fluid contains methanol and it is poisonous. Follow all instructions on the bottle of washer fluid.
Engine Coolant Adding engine coolant
WARNING
Do not put engine coolant in the container for the windshield washer fluid.
Adding engine coolant
When the engine is cool, add a 50/50 mixture of engine coolant and water to the engine coolant recovery reservoir — DO NOT ADD DIRECTLY TO THE RADIATOR. Add straight water only in an emergency, but you should replace it with a 50/50
mixture of coolant and distilled water as soon as possible.265
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*[MC20125(R)05/96]
*[MC20150(R)05/96]
*[MC20175(R)05/96]
*[MC20200(R)05/96] *[MC20225(R)05/96] *[MC20250(R)05/96] *[MC20275(R)05/96]
*[MC20295(R)05/96]
*[MC20300(R)05/96]
Check the coolant level in the coolant recovery reservoir the next few times you drive the vehicle. If necessary, add enough of a 50/50 mixture of coolant and water to bring the liquid level to the fill line on the reservoir.
WARNING
Never remove the coolant recovery cap while the engine is running or hot.
If you must remove the coolant recovery cap, follow these steps to avoid personal injury caused by escaping steam or engine coolant:
1. Before you remove the cap, turn the engine off and let it
cool.
2. When the engine is cool, wrap a thick cloth around the cap
and turn it slowly, counterclockwise to the first stop.
3. Step back while the pressure releases.
4. When you are sure that all the pressure has been released,
use the cloth to press the cap down, turn it counterclockwise, and remove it.
Use Ford Premium Cooling System Fluid E2FZ-19549-AA (in Canada, Motorcraft CXC-8-B) or an equivalent premium engine coolant that meets Ford specification ESE-M97B44-A. Ford Premium Engine Coolant is an optimized formula that will protect all metals and rubber elastomers used in Ford cooling systems for 4 years or 50,000 miles (80,000 km).
Do not use alcohol or methanol antifreeze or any engine coolants mixed with alcohol or methanol antifreeze. Do not use supplemental coolant additives in your vehicle. These additives may harm your engine cooling system. The use of an improper coolant may void the warranty of your vehicle’s engine cooling system.
266
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*[MC20325(R)05/96] *[MC20350(R)05/96]
*[MC20375(R)05/96]
*[MC20400(R)05/96] *[MC20425(R)05/96] *[MC20450(R)05/96]
*[MC20475(R)05/96] *[MC20490(R)05/96]
%*[MC20500(R)01/96] *[MC20600(R)01/96]
Maintenance and Care
Recycled engine coolant
Ford Motor Company recommends that Ford and Lincoln-Mercury dealers use recycled engine coolant produced by Ford-approved processes. Not all coolant recycling processes produce coolant which meets Ford specification ESE-M97B44-A, and use of such coolant may harm engine and cooling system components. Always dispose of used automotive fluids in a responsible manner. Follow your community’s regulations and standards for recycling and disposing of automotive fluids. Coolant refill capacity
To find out how much fluid your vehicle’s cooling system can hold, refer to the Capacities and Specifications chapter. Have your dealer check the engine cooling system for leaks if you have to add more than a quart (liter) of engine coolant per month. Severe winter climate
If you drive in extremely cold climates (less than -34˚F [-36˚C]), it may be necessary to increase the coolant concentration above 50%. Refer to the chart on the coolant container to ensure the coolant concentration in your vehicle is such that the coolant will not freeze at the temperature level in which you drive during winter months. Never increase the engine coolant concentration above 60%. Leave a 50/50 mixture of engine coolant and water in your vehicle year-round in non-extreme climates. Checking Hoses
Inspect all engine and heater system hoses for deterioration, leaks and loose clamps before adding or replacing engine coolant. Make whatever repairs or replacements that are necessary using Motorcraft parts or their equivalents.
267
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%*[MC22800(R)01/96] *[MC22810(R)01/96] %*[MC22900(R)01/96] *[MC22910(R)04/96]
*[MC22912(R)01/96]
*[MC22914(R)01/96] %*[MC22916(R)01/96]
[MC22918(R)01/96]
10-1/2 pica
art:0021195-A
Power Steering Fluid Check the level of the power steering fluid at least twice a year (i.e., every Spring and Fall). Checking and Adding Power Steering Fluid
1. Start the engine and let it run until the power steering fluid
reaches normal operating temperature. The power steering fluid will be at the right temperature when the engine coolant temperature gauge in the instrument cluster is near the center of the normal operating temperature range.
2. While the engine idles, turn the steering wheel back and
forth several times. Make sure that the cap assembly is installed at this time.
3. Turn the engine off.
4. Check the fluid level on the dipstick (which is highlighted in
yellow in your vehicle). The fluid level should be between the arrows in the FULL HOT range, which is marked on the side of the dipstick, opposite the side marked FULL COLD. Do not add fluid if the level is within the FULL HOT range.
Power steering dipstick
268
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[MC22930(R)01/96]
10-1/2 pica art:0020384-E
[MC22934(R)01/96]
Power steering reservoir
10-1/2 pica
art:0020383-C
Power steering reservoir
Maintenance and Care
269
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
[MC22936(R)01/96]
10-1/2 pica
art:0090155-A *[MC22940(R)01/96]
*[MC22942(R)03/96]
[MC22944(R)05/96]
*[MC22946(R)01/96]
*[MC22948(R)03/96]
*[MC22950(R)01/96]
Power steering dipstick location
5. If the power steering fluid is low, add fluid in small
amounts, continuously checking the level, until you reach the FULL HOT range. Do not overfill.
6. When you are finished, put the dipstick back in and make
sure that it fits snugly.
Use only power steering fluid that meets Ford specification such as MERCON쑓 Multi-Purpose ATF XT-2-QDX (or equivalent).
If the power steering fluid is low, do not drive your vehicle for a long period of time before adding fluid. This can damage the power steering pump.
If you check the power steering fluid when it is cold, make sure that the fluid reaches the FULL COLD range on the dipstick. The reading will only be accurate if the fluid temperature is approximately 50 to 85˚F (10 to 30˚C).
NOTE: Do not turn the steering wheel of your vehicle with
the engine off. It could force power steering fluid out from the reservoir cap or in extreme cases, it could unseat the cap.
270
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%*[MC22980(R)01/96] *[MC22982(R)03/96]
*[MC22986(R)05/96]
[MC22990(R)01/96]
7-1/2 pica art:0021194-A
%*[MC23000(R)01/96] [MC23010(R)05/96]
Maintenance and Care
Driveline Universal Joint and Slip Yoke The universal joints that come standard with your vehicle do not require lubrication. If your original equipment universal joints are replaced with universal joints equipped with grease fittings, lubrication will be necessary at the intervals shown in the Maintenance Schedule booklet.
Your vehicle may be equipped with a constant velocity or double cardan joint at the transfer case end of the driveshaft. The front driveshaft double cardan joint may be fitted with a flush type grease fitting that requires an adapter to permit proper lubrication. Lubricate the drive joint according to the intervals shown in the Maintenance Schedule booklet.
Double cardan joint Automatic Transmission Fluid Under normal driving conditions your automatic transmission does not use up transmission fluid. However, it is recommended that you check the transmission fluid at least twice a year. Vehicles under severe driving conditions must have the fluid changed every 50,000 miles. If the transmission is not working properly, for example, the transmission may slip or shift slowly, or if you notice some sign of fluid leakage, the fluid level should be checked.
271
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*[MC23012(R)01/96]
*[MC23020(R)01/96]
%*[MC23030(R)01/96] *[MC23032(R)05/96]
[MC23034(R)01/96]
*[MC23040(R)01/96]
*[MC23045(R)01/96]
*[MC23047(R)01/96]
It is preferable to check the transmission fluid level at normal operating temperature, after approximately 20 miles (30 km) of driving. However, if necessary, you can check the fluid level without having to drive 20 miles to obtain a normal operating temperature if outside temperatures are above 50˚F (10˚C). NOTE: If the vehicle has been operated for an extended period at high speeds or in city traffic during hot weather, or pulling a trailer, the vehicle should be turned off for about 30 minutes to allow the fluid to cool before checking.
Checking the Automatic Transmission Fluid With the vehicle on a level surface, start the engine and move the gearshift lever through all of the gear ranges allowing sufficient time for each position to engage. Securely latch the gearshift lever in the P (Park) position, fully set the parking brake and leave the engine running. NOTE: Vehicles equipped with the 4x4 option must have the 4x4 shift selector in any position other than neutral. If in neutral the vehicle may move.
WARNING
Your vehicle should not be driven if the fluid level is below the bottom hole on the dipstick and outside temperatures are above 50˚F (10˚C).
Wipe off the dipstick cap (located on the passenger’s side of the engine), pull the dipstick out and wipe the indicator end clean. Put the dipstick back into the filler tube and make sure it is fully seated. Pull the dipstick out and read the fluid level. When checking fluid at normal operating temperature, the fluid level should be within the crosshatched area on the dipstick. When the vehicle has not been driven, and outside temperature is above 50˚F (10˚C), the fluid level should be between the holes on the dipstick.
272
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC23050(R)01/96] *[MC23053(R)01/96] *[MC23055(R)01/96]
%*[MC23057(R)05/96]
[MC23060(R)01/96]
7-1/2 pica art:0021193-A
Maintenance and Care
Adding Automatic Transmission Fluid
The fluid type is stamped on the dipstick. Before adding any fluid, be sure that the correct type will be used.
Add fluid in 1/2 pint (.25L) increments through the filler tube to bring the level to the correct area on the dipstick. If an overfill occurs, excess fluid should be removed by a qualified technician.
NOTE: Always dispose of used automotive fluids in a responsible manner. Follow your community’s standards for disposing of these types of fluids. Call your local recycling center to find out about recycling automotive fluids.
Automatic transmission dipstick
273
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC23100(R)01/96]
[MC23110(R)04/96] *[MC23112(R)01/96]
*[MC23114(R)01/96] [MC23116(R)04/96]
*[MC23118(R)01/96] %*[MC23300(R)01/96] *[MC23310(R)01/96]
*[MC23312(R)01/96]
Manual Transmission and Transfer Case Fluid Checking the Manual Transmission Fluid
Clean the filler plug on the side of the case. Remove the filler plug. The fluid level should be up to the bottom of the filler plug hole.
If additional fluid is required:
1. Add enough fluid through the filler plug hole to bring the
level up to the bottom of the hole. Use only fluid certified to meet Ford Motor Company lubricant specification as listed under Refill Capacities, Motorcraft Parts, and Lubricant Specifications, later in this chapter.
2. Replace the filler plug in its original position, making sure it
is fully seated.
Battery Your vehicle may have a Motorcraft maintenance-free battery. The Motorcraft maintenance-free battery does not require additional water during its life of service. The vents are part of the cover and cannot be removed. For longer, trouble-free operation, keep the top of the battery clean and dry. Also, make certain the battery cables are tightly fastened to the battery terminals.
If you see any corrosion on the battery cables or terminals, remove the cables from the terminal and clean them both with a wire brush. You can neutralize the acid with a solution of baking soda and water. Reinstall the cables when you are done cleaning them, and apply a small quantity of grease to the top of each battery terminal to help prevent corrosion.
274
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC23330(R)01/96] *[MC23332(R)01/96]
[MC23334(R)01/96]
*[MC23336(R)01/96]
*[MC23338(R)01/96]
%*[MC23340(R)01/96] *[MC23345(R)01/96]
*[MC23350(R)01/96]
7-1/2 pica art:0040201-A
Maintenance and Care
Battery replacement If your original equipment battery requires replacement (under warranty), it may in some cases be replaced by a Motorcraft low-maintenance battery. The low-maintenance battery has removable vent caps for checking the electrolyte level and for adding water, if needed. NOTE: If your battery has a cover/shield, make sure it is
re-installed after the battery is replaced.
Check your battery’s electrolyte level, at least every 12 months or 12,000 miles (20,000 km), in temperatures up to 90˚F (32˚C) and more often in temperatures above 90˚F (32˚C). Keep the electrolyte in each cell up to the “level” indicator. Do not overfill the battery cell. If the electrolyte level in your battery gets low, you can add plain tap water to the battery, as long as you don’t use hard water, or water with a high mineral or alkali content. If possible, however, try to only fill the battery cell with distilled water. If the battery needs water often, have the charging system checked. Help Us Protect Our Environment
Ford Motor Company strongly recommends that used lead-acid batteries be returned to an authorized recycling facility for disposal.
Battery recycling symbol
275
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%*[MC23400(R)05/96]
*[MC23410(R)01/96]
*[MC23450(R)01/96]
%*[MC23460(R)05/96]
*[MC23470(R)02/96]
Because your vehicle’s engine is electronically controlled by a computer, some control conditions are maintained by power from the battery. If you ever disconnect the battery, install a new battery, or experience a dead battery, you must allow the computer to “relearn” its idle conditions before your vehicle will idle at its best. To let the engine do this, apply the parking brake, put the gearshift in P (Park) (automatic transmission) or Neutral (manual transmission), turn off all the accessories, and start the vehicle. Let the engine idle for at least one minute.
If you do not let the engine relearn its idle, the idle quality of your vehicle may be adversely affected until the idle is relearned. Your vehicle will eventually relearn its idle while you drive it, but it takes much longer than if you use the previous procedure.
WARNING
Batteries normally produce explosive gases which can cause personal injury. Do not allow flames, sparks or lit tobacco to come near the battery. Always cover your face and protect your eyes and also provide ventilation.
WARNING
Batteries contain sulfuric acid which burns skin, eyes, and clothing.
If the acid touches someone’s skin, eyes, or clothing, immediately flush the area with water for at least 15 minutes. If someone swallows the acid, have him or her drink lots of milk or water first, then Milk of Magnesia, a beaten egg, or vegetable oil. Call a doctor immediately.
276
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC23480(R)02/96]
%*[MC24500(R)02/96] *[MC24600(R)01/96]
*[MC24700(R)01/96]
*[MC24800(R)01/96]
*[MC24900(R)02/96] [MC25000(R)01/96]
*[MC25025(R)08/95] [MC25030(R)01/96]
Maintenance and Care
WARNING
Applying too much pressure on the ends when lifting a battery could cause acid to spill. Lift the battery with a carrier or with your hands on the opposite corners.
Wiper Blades Check the windshield wiper blades at least twice a year. Also check them whenever they seem less effective than usual. Such substances as tree sap and some hot wax treatments used by commercial car washes reduce the effectiveness of wiper blades.
If the blades do not wipe properly, clean both the windshield and the wiper blades. Use undiluted windshield washer solution or a mild detergent. Rinse thoroughly with clear water. Do not use fuel, kerosene, paint thinner, or other solvents to clean your wiper blades. These will damage your blades.
To make reaching the wiper blades easy, simply turn the ignition to the ACC position and turn your wipers on. Wait for them to reach a vertical position and turn the ignition to the OFF position. Do not move the wipers manually. Manually moving the wipers across the windshield may damage them. Wiper blade replacement
If the wipers still do not work properly after you clean them, you may need to replace the wiper blade assembly or the blade. When replacing the wiper blade assembly, blade refill, or wiper arm always use a Motorcraft part or equivalent.
To replace the wiper blades:
1. Cycle windshield wiper arm and wiper blade to where
removal of blade can be performed without difficulty. Turn ignition off at desired position.
277
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
[MC25075(R)01/96]
[MC25100(R)01/96]
[MC25125(R)01/96]
2. To remove wiper blade assembly from wiper mounting arm, depress lock tab and push wiper mounting arm away from wiper blade assembly.
3. To install wiper blade assembly, pull wiper mounting arm
down on wiper blade until lock tab is engaged.
24 pica art:0021371-A
Replacing the wiper blades
278
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC25200(R)01/96] *[MC25300(R)03/96]
*[MC25400(R)02/96] *[MC25500(R)02/96]
*[MC25600(R)03/96] *[MC25700(R)03/96] *[MC25800(R)03/96] *[MC25890(R)03/96] *[MC25900(R)03/96]
[MC26100(R)04/96]
Maintenance and Care
Tires Look at your tires each time you fill your fuel tank. If one tire looks lower than the others, check the pressure in all of them. Always follow these precautions: n Use an accurate tire pressure gauge. n Check the tire pressure when tires are cold, after the vehicle has been parked for at least one hour or has been driven less than 3 miles (5 km).
n Make sure the weight of your load is evenly distributed. n Adjust tire pressure to recommended specifications found on
the Safety Compliance Certification Label.
If you do not take these precautions, your tires may fail or go flat.
Ford Motor Company recommends obeying posted speed limits.
WARNING
Driving too fast for conditions creates the possibility of loss of vehicle control. Driving at very high speeds for extended periods of time may result in damage to vehicle components.
At least once a month, check the pressure in all your vehicle’s tires, including the spare. Use an accurate tire pressure gauge. Check the tire pressure when tires are cold, that is, after the vehicle has been parked for at least one hour or has been driven less than 3 miles (5 km). You can find the proper cold pressure on the Safety Compliance Certification Label.
279
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC26150(R)01/96]
[MC26200(R)01/96] *[MC26300(R)03/96]
*[MC26400(R)03/96]
[MC26410(R)01/96] *[MC26420(R)03/96] *[MC26430(R)03/96]
*[MC26435(R)03/96]
*[MC26440(R)03/96]
WARNING
Improperly inflated tires can affect vehicle handling and can fail suddenly, possibly resulting in loss of vehicle control.
Tire inspection and maintenance
Inspect the tire treads, and remove stones, nails, glass or other objects that may be wedged in the tread grooves. Check for holes or cuts that may permit air to leak from the tire, and make the necessary repairs.
Inspect the tire side walls for cuts, bruises and other damage. If you suspect internal damage to the tire, have it demounted and checked. You may need to repair or replace it.
Wheel inspection and maintenance
Check for damage that would affect the runout of the wheels. Wobble or shimmy will eventually damage the wheel bearings.
Front wheel bearings require periodic repacking and adjustment as specified in the Maintenance Schedule booklet. Loose or worn front wheel bearings tend to let the vehicle wander or shimmy, and can eventually cause excessive tire wear.
Whenever a wheel is removed and then re-installed, always remove any corrosion that may be present on the mounting surface of the wheel and/or the surface of the hub, drum or rotor that contacts the wheel.
WARNING
Installing wheels without a good metal-to-metal contact at the wheel mounting surface can cause the wheel lug nuts to loosen and could allow the wheel to come off while the vehicle is in motion.
280
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%*[MC26500(R)01/96] *[MC26600(R)01/96]
*[MC26700(R)05/96] *[MC26750(R)03/96]
[MC26800(R)01/96]
17-1/2 pica
art:0021191-A *[MC26900(R)03/96]
Maintenance and Care
Tire Rotation
Because your vehicle’s front and rear tires perform different jobs, they often wear differently. To make sure your tires wear evenly and last longer, rotate them as indicated in the following diagram.
For tire rotation intervals, see the Maintenance Schedule booklet. If you notice that the tires wear unevenly, have them checked.
In situations where the tires differ from front to rear (snow/traction), simply rotate using a side to side pattern.
Tire rotation pattern
After each rotation, adjust individual tire pressure as specified on the Safety Compliance Certification Label. Tighten wheel lug nuts to the required torque specification and retighten again after 500 miles (800 km).
281
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*[MC27000(R)03/96]
%*[MC27300(R)01/96] *[MC27400(R)01/96] *[MC27500(R)01/96]
7-1/2 pica art:0040200-A
*[MC27600(R)02/96]
*[MC27700(R)03/96]
If your vehicle has aluminum wheels, you may demount the full size, non-temporary spare tire (if so equipped) and remount on an aluminum wheel to rotate the spare tire into your vehicle’s rotation pattern. Rebalance the wheel. Replacing the Tires
Replace any tires that show wear bands. When your tire shows a wear band, it has only 1/16 inch (2 mm) of tread left.
A worn-out tire
Because your vehicle’s tires may wear unevenly, you may need to replace them before a wear band appears across the entire tread.
Your wheels and tires are match-mounted for improved ride. Before you begin to repair a tire, mark the wheel and tire so that they are properly aligned when remounted. This will ensure that the tires will continue to give you the same ride level.
282
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC27851(R)01/96]
*[MC27860(R)03/96]
[MC27866(R)01/96]
Maintenance and Care
WARNING
When replacing full size tires, never mix radial, bias-belted, or bias-type tires. Use only the tire sizes that are listed on the tire pressure decal. Make sure that all tires are the same size, speed rating, and load-carrying capacity. Use only the tire combinations recommended on the decal. If you do not follow these precautions, your vehicle may not drive properly and safely.
WARNING
Make sure that all replacement tires are of the same size, type, load-carrying capacity, and tread design (e.g. “All Terrain”, etc.), as originally offered by Ford.
WARNING
Do not replace your 4x2 tires with “high performance” tires, or larger size tires than approved for your vehicle by Ford.
283
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
[MC27869(R)01/96]
[MC27870(R)01/96]
[MC27872(R)01/96]
[MC27874(R)01/96]
six pica chart:0020904-C
*[MC27895(R)03/96]
Ranger 4x4 P235/265 Tire and Wheel Usage
