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Maintenance and Care
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Engine Compartment Your vehicle has one of the following types of engines: n A 2.3 Liter EFI, I-4 twin plug engine, or n A 3.0 Liter SEFI, V-6 engine or n A 4.0 Liter SEFI, V-6 engine.
The following pages show diagrams of each engine type and where to find items that you should regularly service.
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3
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Maintenance and Care
Engine Oil Recommendations We recommend using Motorcraft oil or an equivalent oil meeting Ford Specification WSS-M2C153-F and displaying the American Petroleum Institute CERTIFICATION MARK on the front of the container.
The API Certification Mark
Never use: n “Non-Detergent” oils n Oils labeled API SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF or SG n Additional engine oil additives, oil treatments or engine
treatments
Engine oils with an SAE 5W-30 viscosity are PREFERRED for your vehicle. They provide the best engine performance, fuel economy and engine protection for all climates down to -15˚F (-25˚C). Synthetic engine oils which are CERTIFIED and of the preferred viscosity may be used in your engine. The engine oil and oil filter must still be changed according to the maintenance schedule.
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NOTE: Ford production and aftermarket (Motorcraft) oil
filters are designed for added engine protection and long life. If a replacement oil filter is used that does not meet Ford material and design specifications, startup engine noises or knock may be experienced. It is recommended you use the appropriate Motorcraft oil filter (or another brand meeting Ford specifications) for your engine application.
Checking and Adding Engine Oil Since the proper amount of engine oil is important for safe engine operation, check the oil using the dipstick each time you put fuel in your vehicle. Remember the engine must be off, the oil must be warm and the vehicle must be parked on level ground. Checking the engine oil level: 1. Turn the engine off after it has warmed up and allow a few
minutes for the engine oil to drain back into the oil pan.
2. Set the parking brake, making sure the gearshift is securely
latched in P (Park) or 1 (manual transmission).
3. Open the hood. Protect yourself from engine heat. 4. Locate the engine oil dipstick (highlighted in yellow) and
carefully pull it out of the engine.
5. Wipe the dipstick clean and put it back into position, making
sure it is fully seated.
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Maintenance and Care
Engine oil dipstick
6. Carefully, pull the dipstick out again. If the oil level is below
the “ADD” line, add engine oil as necessary. If the oil level is beyond the letter “F” in Full, engine damage or high oil consumption may occur and some oil must be removed from the engine.
7. Put the dipstick back in and make sure it is fully seated.
It may be necessary to add some oil between oil changes. Make sure you use a CERTIFIED engine oil of the preferred viscosity. Your vehicle’s warranty coverage may not apply if engine damage is caused by the use of improper engine oil.
Add engine oil through the oil filler cap highlighted in yellow. To add oil, remove the filler cap and use a funnel to pour oil into the opening. Be careful not to overfill the engine. Recheck the oil level after you finish adding oil.
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Changing the Engine Oil and the Oil Filter
Change the engine oil and oil filter per the following, whichever occurs first:
*[MC16400(R)02/96] *[MC17150(R)03/96]
Refer to the Maintenance Schedule booklet for additional information.
NOTE: See Refill Capacities, Motorcraft Parts and Lubrication Specifications in the Capacities and Specifications chapter for the appropriate oil filter and engine oil refill quantity.
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Maintenance and Care
NOTE: Always dispose of used automotive fluids in a responsible manner. Follow your community’s standards for disposing of these types of fluids. Call your local recycling center to find out about recycling automotive fluids.
WARNING
Continuous contact with USED motor oil has caused cancer in laboratory mice.
Protect your skin by washing with soap and water. Brake Fluid Your vehicle is equipped with a brake fluid level indicator in the master cylinder which lights the BRAKE warning light on the instrument panel when the brake fluid level is low.
Under normal circumstances, your vehicle should not use up brake fluid rapidly. However, expect the level of the brake fluid to slowly fall as you put more mileage on your vehicle and the brake pads wear.
Check the brake fluid at least once a year. You can do this by looking at the fluid level in the plastic brake fluid reservoir on the master cylinder. The fluid level should be at or near the MAX mark.
Brake master cylinder
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Brake fluid is toxic.
WARNING
If brake fluid contacts eyes, flush eyes with running water for 15 minutes. Get medical attention if irritation persists. If taken internally, drink water and induce vomiting. Get medical attention immediately.
If the fluid is low, carefully clean and remove the cap from the reservoir. Fill the reservoir to the MAX line with Ford High Performance DOT 3 Brake Fluid C6AZ-19542-AB, or equivalent DOT 3 fluid meeting Ford specification ESA-M6C25-A.
NOTE: If brake fluid is spilled on painted surfaces, it must
be flushed and wiped away immediately. Brake fluid may dissolve the paint finish on your vehicle.
WARNING
If you use a brake fluid that is not DOT 3, you will cause permanent damage to your brakes.
Do not fill the reservoir above the MAX line.
If you find that the fluid level is excessively low — below the seam or ridge on the outside of the plastic reservoir — have the brake system inspected.
WARNING
Do not let the reservoir for the master cylinder run dry. This may cause the brakes to fail.
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Maintenance and Care
Clutch Fluid (If equipped) During normal operation the fluid level in the clutch reservoir will slowly rise. If for any reason the fluid level drops, maintain the fluid level at the step in the reservoir body.
If it becomes necessary to remove the reservoir cap, thoroughly clean the reservoir cap before removing it to prevent dirt or water from entering the reservoir. Remove the internal diaphragm and then add only a DOT 3 brake fluid such as Ford High Performance DOT 3 Brake Fluid (Ford Part Number C6AZ-19542-AB) Ford specification ESA-M6C25-A.
The clutch on your vehicle is automatically self-adjusting and should not require any routine service.
Clutch fluid reservoir Windshield Washer Fluid Check the level of the windshield washer fluid every time you stop for fuel. The reservoir for washer fluid is located on the passenger’s side of the engine compartment. Visual inspection can determine if the washer fluid is adequate. Do not operate the washer when the reservoir is empty.
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WARNING
Do not put windshield washer fluid in the container for the engine coolant.
Adding windshield washer fluid
Use specially formulated windshield washer fluid rather than plain water, because specially formulated washer fluids contain additives that dissolve road grime. For safety reasons, washer fluids containing an appropriate antifreeze such as methanol should be used in freezing weather (temperatures below 32˚F [0˚C]). State or local regulations on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) may restrict use of the most common antifreeze, methanol. Washer fluids containing non-methanol antifreeze agents should be used only if they provide cold weather protection without damaging the vehicle’s paint finish, wiper blades, and windshield washer system.
If you choose to use a windshield washing solution that must be mixed, follow the manufacturer’s mixing instructions. Improperly mixed solutions may freeze unexpectedly.
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WARNING
Maintenance and Care
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Windshield washer fluid contains methanol and it is poisonous. Follow all instructions on the bottle of washer fluid.
Engine Coolant Adding engine coolant
WARNING
Do not put engine coolant in the container for the windshield washer fluid.
Adding engine coolant
When the engine is cool, add a 50/50 mixture of engine coolant and water to the engine coolant recovery reservoir — DO NOT ADD DIRECTLY TO THE RADIATOR. Add straight water only in an emergency, but you should replace it with a 50/50
mixture of coolant and distilled water as soon as possible.265
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Check the coolant level in the coolant recovery reservoir the next few times you drive the vehicle. If necessary, add enough of a 50/50 mixture of coolant and water to bring the liquid level to the fill line on the reservoir.
WARNING
Never remove the coolant recovery cap while the engine is running or hot.
If you must remove the coolant recovery cap, follow these steps to avoid personal injury caused by escaping steam or engine coolant:
1. Before you remove the cap, turn the engine off and let it
cool.
2. When the engine is cool, wrap a thick cloth around the cap
and turn it slowly, counterclockwise to the first stop.
3. Step back while the pressure releases.
4. When you are sure that all the pressure has been released,
use the cloth to press the cap down, turn it counterclockwise, and remove it.
Use Ford Premium Cooling System Fluid E2FZ-19549-AA (in Canada, Motorcraft CXC-8-B) or an equivalent premium engine coolant that meets Ford specification ESE-M97B44-A. Ford Premium Engine Coolant is an optimized formula that will protect all metals and rubber elastomers used in Ford cooling systems for 4 years or 50,000 miles (80,000 km).
Do not use alcohol or methanol antifreeze or any engine coolants mixed with alcohol or methanol antifreeze. Do not use supplemental coolant additives in your vehicle. These additives may harm your engine cooling system. The use of an improper coolant may void the warranty of your vehicle’s engine cooling system.
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Maintenance and Care
Recycled engine coolant
Ford Motor Company recommends that Ford and Lincoln-Mercury dealers use recycled engine coolant produced by Ford-approved processes. Not all coolant recycling processes produce coolant which meets Ford specification ESE-M97B44-A, and use of such coolant may harm engine and cooling system components. Always dispose of used automotive fluids in a responsible manner. Follow your community’s regulations and standards for recycling and disposing of automotive fluids. Coolant refill capacity
To find out how much fluid your vehicle’s cooling system can hold, refer to the Capacities and Specifications chapter. Have your dealer check the engine cooling system for leaks if you have to add more than a quart (liter) of engine coolant per month. Severe winter climate
If you drive in extremely cold climates (less than -34˚F [-36˚C]), it may be necessary to increase the coolant concentration above 50%. Refer to the chart on the coolant container to ensure the coolant concentration in your vehicle is such that the coolant will not freeze at the temperature level in which you drive during winter months. Never increase the engine coolant concentration above 60%. Leave a 50/50 mixture of engine coolant and water in your vehicle year-round in non-extreme climates. Checking Hoses
Inspect all engine and heater system hoses for deterioration, leaks and loose clamps before adding or replacing engine coolant. Make whatever repairs or replacements that are necessary using Motorcraft parts or their equivalents.
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Power Steering Fluid Check the level of the power steering fluid at least twice a year (i.e., every Spring and Fall). Checking and Adding Power Steering Fluid
1. Start the engine and let it run until the power steering fluid
reaches normal operating temperature. The power steering fluid will be at the right temperature when the engine coolant temperature gauge in the instrument cluster is near the center of the normal operating temperature range.
2. While the engine idles, turn the steering wheel back and
forth several times. Make sure that the cap assembly is installed at this time.
3. Turn the engine off.
4. Check the fluid level on the dipstick (which is highlighted in
yellow in your vehicle). The fluid level should be between the arrows in the FULL HOT range, which is marked on the side of the dipstick, opposite the side marked FULL COLD. Do not add fluid if the level is within the FULL HOT range.
Power steering dipstick
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Power steering reservoir
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Power steering reservoir
Maintenance and Care
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Power steering dipstick location
5. If the power steering fluid is low, add fluid in small
amounts, continuously checking the level, until you reach the FULL HOT range. Do not overfill.
6. When you are finished, put the dipstick back in and make
sure that it fits snugly.
Use only power steering fluid that meets Ford specification such as MERCON쑓 Multi-Purpose ATF XT-2-QDX (or equivalent).
If the power steering fluid is low, do not drive your vehicle for a long period of time before adding fluid. This can damage the power steering pump.
If you check the power steering fluid when it is cold, make sure that the fluid reaches the FULL COLD range on the dipstick. The reading will only be accurate if the fluid temperature is approximately 50 to 85˚F (10 to 30˚C).
NOTE: Do not turn the steering wheel of your vehicle with
the engine off. It could force power steering fluid out from the reservoir cap or in extreme cases, it could unseat the cap.
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Maintenance and Care
Driveline Universal Joint and Slip Yoke The universal joints that come standard with your vehicle do not require lubrication. If your original equipment universal joints are replaced with universal joints equipped with grease fittings, lubrication will be necessary at the intervals shown in the Maintenance Schedule booklet.
Your vehicle may be equipped with a constant velocity or double cardan joint at the transfer case end of the driveshaft. The front driveshaft double cardan joint may be fitted with a flush type grease fitting that requires an adapter to permit proper lubrication. Lubricate the drive joint according to the intervals shown in the Maintenance Schedule booklet.
Double cardan joint Automatic Transmission Fluid Under normal driving conditions your automatic transmission does not use up transmission fluid. However, it is recommended that you check the transmission fluid at least twice a year. Vehicles under severe driving conditions must have the fluid changed every 50,000 miles. If the transmission is not working properly, for example, the transmission may slip or shift slowly, or if you notice some sign of fluid leakage, the fluid level should be checked.
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It is preferable to check the transmission fluid level at normal operating temperature, after approximately 20 miles (30 km) of driving. However, if necessary, you can check the fluid level without having to drive 20 miles to obtain a normal operating temperature if outside temperatures are above 50˚F (10˚C). NOTE: If the vehicle has been operated for an extended period at high speeds or in city traffic during hot weather, or pulling a trailer, the vehicle should be turned off for about 30 minutes to allow the fluid to cool before checking.
Checking the Automatic Transmission Fluid With the vehicle on a level surface, start the engine and move the gearshift lever through all of the gear ranges allowing sufficient time for each position to engage. Securely latch the gearshift lever in the P (Park) position, fully set the parking brake and leave the engine running. NOTE: Vehicles equipped with the 4x4 option must have the 4x4 shift selector in any position other than neutral. If in neutral the vehicle may move.
WARNING
Your vehicle should not be driven if the fluid level is below the bottom hole on the dipstick and outside temperatures are above 50˚F (10˚C).
Wipe off the dipstick cap (located on the passenger’s side of the engine), pull the dipstick out and wipe the indicator end clean. Put the dipstick back into the filler tube and make sure it is fully seated. Pull the dipstick out and read the fluid level. When checking fluid at normal operating temperature, the fluid level should be within the crosshatched area on the dipstick. When the vehicle has not been driven, and outside temperature is above 50˚F (10˚C), the fluid level should be between the holes on the dipstick.
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Maintenance and Care
Adding Automatic Transmission Fluid
The fluid type is stamped on the dipstick. Before adding any fluid, be sure that the correct type will be used.
Add fluid in 1/2 pint (.25L) increments through the filler tube to bring the level to the correct area on the dipstick. If an overfill occurs, excess fluid should be removed by a qualified technician.
NOTE: Always dispose of used automotive fluids in a responsible manner. Follow your community’s standards for disposing of these types of fluids. Call your local recycling center to find out about recycling automotive fluids.
Automatic transmission dipstick
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Manual Transmission and Transfer Case Fluid Checking the Manual Transmission Fluid
Clean the filler plug on the side of the case. Remove the filler plug. The fluid level should be up to the bottom of the filler plug hole.
If additional fluid is required:
1. Add enough fluid through the filler plug hole to bring the
level up to the bottom of the hole. Use only fluid certified to meet Ford Motor Company lubricant specification as listed under Refill Capacities, Motorcraft Parts, and Lubricant Specifications, later in this chapter.
2. Replace the filler plug in its original position, making sure it
is fully seated.
Battery Your vehicle may have a Motorcraft maintenance-free battery. The Motorcraft maintenance-free battery does not require additional water during its life of service. The vents are part of the cover and cannot be removed. For longer, trouble-free operation, keep the top of the battery clean and dry. Also, make certain the battery cables are tightly fastened to the battery terminals.
If you see any corrosion on the battery cables or terminals, remove the cables from the terminal and clean them both with a wire brush. You can neutralize the acid with a solution of baking soda and water. Reinstall the cables when you are done cleaning them, and apply a small quantity of grease to the top of each battery terminal to help prevent corrosion.
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Maintenance and Care
Battery replacement If your original equipment battery requires replacement (under warranty), it may in some cases be replaced by a Motorcraft low-maintenance battery. The low-maintenance battery has removable vent caps for checking the electrolyte level and for adding water, if needed. NOTE: If your battery has a cover/shield, make sure it is
re-installed after the battery is replaced.
Check your battery’s electrolyte level, at least every 12 months or 12,000 miles (20,000 km), in temperatures up to 90˚F (32˚C) and more often in temperatures above 90˚F (32˚C). Keep the electrolyte in each cell up to the “level” indicator. Do not overfill the battery cell. If the electrolyte level in your battery gets low, you can add plain tap water to the battery, as long as you don’t use hard water, or water with a high mineral or alkali content. If possible, however, try to only fill the battery cell with distilled water. If the battery needs water often, have the charging system checked. Help Us Protect Our Environment
Ford Motor Company strongly recommends that used lead-acid batteries be returned to an authorized recycling facility for disposal.
Battery recycling symbol
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Because your vehicle’s engine is electronically controlled by a computer, some control conditions are maintained by power from the battery. If you ever disconnect the battery, install a new battery, or experience a dead battery, you must allow the computer to “relearn” its idle conditions before your vehicle will idle at its best. To let the engine do this, apply the parking brake, put the gearshift in P (Park) (automatic transmission) or Neutral (manual transmission), turn off all the accessories, and start the vehicle. Let the engine idle for at least one minute.
If you do not let the engine relearn its idle, the idle quality of your vehicle may be adversely affected until the idle is relearned. Your vehicle will eventually relearn its idle while you drive it, but it takes much longer than if you use the previous procedure.
WARNING
Batteries normally produce explosive gases which can cause personal injury. Do not allow flames, sparks or lit tobacco to come near the battery. Always cover your face and protect your eyes and also provide ventilation.
WARNING
Batteries contain sulfuric acid which burns skin, eyes, and clothing.
If the acid touches someone’s skin, eyes, or clothing, immediately flush the area with water for at least 15 minutes. If someone swallows the acid, have him or her drink lots of milk or water first, then Milk of Magnesia, a beaten egg, or vegetable oil. Call a doctor immediately.
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Maintenance and Care
WARNING
Applying too much pressure on the ends when lifting a battery could cause acid to spill. Lift the battery with a carrier or with your hands on the opposite corners.
Wiper Blades Check the windshield wiper blades at least twice a year. Also check them whenever they seem less effective than usual. Such substances as tree sap and some hot wax treatments used by commercial car washes reduce the effectiveness of wiper blades.
If the blades do not wipe properly, clean both the windshield and the wiper blades. Use undiluted windshield washer solution or a mild detergent. Rinse thoroughly with clear water. Do not use fuel, kerosene, paint thinner, or other solvents to clean your wiper blades. These will damage your blades.
To make reaching the wiper blades easy, simply turn the ignition to the ACC position and turn your wipers on. Wait for them to reach a vertical position and turn the ignition to the OFF position. Do not move the wipers manually. Manually moving the wipers across the windshield may damage them. Wiper blade replacement
If the wipers still do not work properly after you clean them, you may need to replace the wiper blade assembly or the blade. When replacing the wiper blade assembly, blade refill, or wiper arm always use a Motorcraft part or equivalent.
To replace the wiper blades:
1. Cycle windshield wiper arm and wiper blade to where
removal of blade can be performed without difficulty. Turn ignition off at desired position.
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2. To remove wiper blade assembly from wiper mounting arm, depress lock tab and push wiper mounting arm away from wiper blade assembly.
3. To install wiper blade assembly, pull wiper mounting arm
down on wiper blade until lock tab is engaged.
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Replacing the wiper blades
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[MC26100(R)04/96]
Maintenance and Care
Tires Look at your tires each time you fill your fuel tank. If one tire looks lower than the others, check the pressure in all of them. Always follow these precautions: n Use an accurate tire pressure gauge. n Check the tire pressure when tires are cold, after the vehicle has been parked for at least one hour or has been driven less than 3 miles (5 km).
n Make sure the weight of your load is evenly distributed. n Adjust tire pressure to recommended specifications found on
the Safety Compliance Certification Label.
If you do not take these precautions, your tires may fail or go flat.
Ford Motor Company recommends obeying posted speed limits.
WARNING
Driving too fast for conditions creates the possibility of loss of vehicle control. Driving at very high speeds for extended periods of time may result in damage to vehicle components.
At least once a month, check the pressure in all your vehicle’s tires, including the spare. Use an accurate tire pressure gauge. Check the tire pressure when tires are cold, that is, after the vehicle has been parked for at least one hour or has been driven less than 3 miles (5 km). You can find the proper cold pressure on the Safety Compliance Certification Label.
279
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC26150(R)01/96]
[MC26200(R)01/96] *[MC26300(R)03/96]
*[MC26400(R)03/96]
[MC26410(R)01/96] *[MC26420(R)03/96] *[MC26430(R)03/96]
*[MC26435(R)03/96]
*[MC26440(R)03/96]
WARNING
Improperly inflated tires can affect vehicle handling and can fail suddenly, possibly resulting in loss of vehicle control.
Tire inspection and maintenance
Inspect the tire treads, and remove stones, nails, glass or other objects that may be wedged in the tread grooves. Check for holes or cuts that may permit air to leak from the tire, and make the necessary repairs.
Inspect the tire side walls for cuts, bruises and other damage. If you suspect internal damage to the tire, have it demounted and checked. You may need to repair or replace it.
Wheel inspection and maintenance
Check for damage that would affect the runout of the wheels. Wobble or shimmy will eventually damage the wheel bearings.
Front wheel bearings require periodic repacking and adjustment as specified in the Maintenance Schedule booklet. Loose or worn front wheel bearings tend to let the vehicle wander or shimmy, and can eventually cause excessive tire wear.
Whenever a wheel is removed and then re-installed, always remove any corrosion that may be present on the mounting surface of the wheel and/or the surface of the hub, drum or rotor that contacts the wheel.
WARNING
Installing wheels without a good metal-to-metal contact at the wheel mounting surface can cause the wheel lug nuts to loosen and could allow the wheel to come off while the vehicle is in motion.
280
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC26500(R)01/96] *[MC26600(R)01/96]
*[MC26700(R)05/96] *[MC26750(R)03/96]
[MC26800(R)01/96]
17-1/2 pica
art:0021191-A *[MC26900(R)03/96]
Maintenance and Care
Tire Rotation
Because your vehicle’s front and rear tires perform different jobs, they often wear differently. To make sure your tires wear evenly and last longer, rotate them as indicated in the following diagram.
For tire rotation intervals, see the Maintenance Schedule booklet. If you notice that the tires wear unevenly, have them checked.
In situations where the tires differ from front to rear (snow/traction), simply rotate using a side to side pattern.
Tire rotation pattern
After each rotation, adjust individual tire pressure as specified on the Safety Compliance Certification Label. Tighten wheel lug nuts to the required torque specification and retighten again after 500 miles (800 km).
281
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC27000(R)03/96]
%*[MC27300(R)01/96] *[MC27400(R)01/96] *[MC27500(R)01/96]
7-1/2 pica art:0040200-A
*[MC27600(R)02/96]
*[MC27700(R)03/96]
If your vehicle has aluminum wheels, you may demount the full size, non-temporary spare tire (if so equipped) and remount on an aluminum wheel to rotate the spare tire into your vehicle’s rotation pattern. Rebalance the wheel. Replacing the Tires
Replace any tires that show wear bands. When your tire shows a wear band, it has only 1/16 inch (2 mm) of tread left.
A worn-out tire
Because your vehicle’s tires may wear unevenly, you may need to replace them before a wear band appears across the entire tread.
Your wheels and tires are match-mounted for improved ride. Before you begin to repair a tire, mark the wheel and tire so that they are properly aligned when remounted. This will ensure that the tires will continue to give you the same ride level.
282
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC27851(R)01/96]
*[MC27860(R)03/96]
[MC27866(R)01/96]
Maintenance and Care
WARNING
When replacing full size tires, never mix radial, bias-belted, or bias-type tires. Use only the tire sizes that are listed on the tire pressure decal. Make sure that all tires are the same size, speed rating, and load-carrying capacity. Use only the tire combinations recommended on the decal. If you do not follow these precautions, your vehicle may not drive properly and safely.
WARNING
Make sure that all replacement tires are of the same size, type, load-carrying capacity, and tread design (e.g. “All Terrain”, etc.), as originally offered by Ford.
WARNING
Do not replace your 4x2 tires with “high performance” tires, or larger size tires than approved for your vehicle by Ford.
283
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
[MC27869(R)01/96]
[MC27870(R)01/96]
[MC27872(R)01/96]
[MC27874(R)01/96]
six pica chart:0020904-C
*[MC27895(R)03/96]
Ranger 4x4 P235/265 Tire and Wheel Usage
WARNING
Do not use P235/75R15 “All Season” tires. For Ranger 4x4
Regular Cab vehicles, P235/75R15 “All Terrain” tires are acceptable only on 15x7 inch wheels.WARNING
Do not use P265/75R15SL tires on the Ranger 4x4 108
inch wheelbase. The P265/75R15SL “All Terrain” tires are acceptable only on the 114 inch and 125 inch wheelbase Ranger 4x4 models, and only with 15x7 inch wheels.WARNING
Failure to follow these precautions may adversely affect the handling of the vehicle and make it easier to lose control and roll over.
*[MC27900(R)01/96]
Tires that are larger or smaller than your vehicle’s original tires may also affect the accuracy of your speedometer.
284
Maintenance and Care
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
[MC28600(R)01/96]
27-1/2 pica art:0020371-F
*[MC28700(R)03/96]
Tire identification chart
WARNING
Use of aftermarket wheel assemblies may damage your vehicle or cause accidents resulting in serious injuries.
285
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC28800(R)03/96] *[MC28950(R)03/96]
%*[MC31100(R)01/96] *[MC31200(R)03/96]
*[MC31300(R)01/96]
*[MC31400(R)01/96]
*[MC31500(R)01/96]
*[MC31525(R)01/96]
[MC31550(R)01/96]
[MC31575(R)01/96]
Wheel and Tire Matching
See an authorized tire dealer for proper servicing procedures. Wheels and tires must be properly removed, matched and remounted to maintain the best possible ride. Snow Tires and Chains
The tires on your vehicle have all-weather treads that provide traction in rain or snow. However, during the winter months in some climates, you may need to use snow tires and occasionally chains for your tires.
WARNING
Snow tires must be the same size and grade as the tires you currently have on your vehicle.
Do not use chains when using a temporary spare. For full size tires, use chains on the tires only in an emergency or if the law requires them where you live. When you use the tire chains: n Make sure the chains are the right size for your tires. Use only SAE Class “S” chains. Other types may damage your vehicle.
n Tire chains may scratch or chip aluminum wheels. IT IS
RECOMMENDED THAT TIRE CHAINS ARE INSTALLED ON STEEL WHEELS ONLY. Be sure to remove wheel covers (if equipped) from steel rims before using tire chains to avoid scratches or damage.
n Install tire chains on rear tires; use of chains on front tires is
not recommended.
n Local regulations may prohibit or restrict the use of tire chains. Investigate the laws and regulations in your area before installing chains.
286
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC31600(R)01/96]
*[MC31700(R)01/96]
*[MC31800(R)01/96] *[MC31850(R)01/96]
[MC31900(R)01/96]
*[MC31950(R)01/96] %*[MC31960(R)03/96] *[MC31970(R)03/96]
*[MC31975(R)03/96]
[MC31980(R)01/96]
Maintenance and Care
n Put the chains on tightly with the ends held down securely. Verify that no chain touches any wiring, brake lines, or fuel lines. Follow the chain manufacturer’s instructions.
n Drive slowly. If you can hear the chains rub or bang against your vehicle, stop the vehicle and tighten the chains. If you continue to hear the chains rub or bang against your vehicle, remove the chains to prevent damage to your vehicle.
n Avoid fully loading your vehicle if possible. n Tire chains may affect vehicle handling. Drive carefully and
avoid hard braking.
Remove tire chains at the first opportunity after using them on snow and ice. Do not use the chains on dry roads. n Make sure your suspension insulation and bumpers are not
missing or worn to avoid damage to your vehicle.
Cleaning the Wheels
Wash the wheels with the same detergent you use to wash your vehicle’s body. Do not use acid-based wheel cleaners, steel wool, abrasives, fuel, or strong detergents. These substances will damage protective coatings. Use tar and road oil remover to remove grease and tar.
NOTE: Before going to a car wash, find out if the brushes are
abrasive.
If you have raised white letter tires that are difficult to clean with regular detergent, use whitewall tire cleaner. Follow the directions on the container and rinse the tires with plenty of clean water.
287
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC32000(R)01/96] [MC32150(R)01/96]
Filling the Fuel Tank
10-1/2 pica
art:0020352-D %*[MC32200(R)01/96] *[MC32220(R)01/96] *[MC32230(R)02/96] *[MC32250(R)01/96]
*[MC32300(R)01/96] *[MC32310(R)01/96] [MC32320(R)01/96]
[MC32330(R)01/96]
Fuel filler door
Opening the Fuel Filler Door To open the fuel filler door of your vehicle, just insert your finger in the divot and pull the door open all the way. Filling the fuel tank
WARNING
Do not overfill the fuel tank. The pressure in an overfilled tank may cause leakage and lead to fuel spray and fire.
To fill the fuel tank properly: NOTE: Extinguish all lit cigarettes, other smoking materials,
and any open flames before fueling your vehicle.
1. Unscrew the fuel cap by exerting pressure on the plastic lock
bar and rotating the fuel cap counterclockwise.
2. Turn the fuel cap 1/2 to 3/4 of a turn until a hissing sound
is heard. Wait until the hissing sound stops and then continue rotating counterclockwise to remove the fuel cap.
288
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
[MC32340(R)01/96]
[MC32350(R)01/96]
[MC32360(R)01/96]
*[MC32370(R)03/96]
*[MC32380(R)01/96] %*[MC32400(R)01/96]
*[MC32420(R)01/96]
*[MC32450(R)01/96]
*[MC32500(R)01/96]
Maintenance and Care
Make sure that you follow the above fuel cap removal instructions and use caution. Such caution will minimize the possibility of fuel spraying during removal of the fuel cap.
3. Make sure that you pump unleaded fuel and put the nozzle
all the way inside the fuel filler pipe.
If you spill any fuel on the body of your vehicle, clean it off immediately. The fuel may dull or soften the paint if you do not wash it off. To replace and secure the fuel cap, place it in position and rotate it clockwise until it clicks (ratchets). Doing so will not damage or break the fuel cap. The ratcheting mechanism allows the fuel cap to be sealed without overtightening. If you lose the fuel cap, replace it with an authorized Motorcraft or equivalent part.
WARNING
If you do not use the proper fuel cap, the pressure in the fuel tank can damage the fuel system or cause it to work improperly in a collision.
NOTE: If you replace your fuel cap with an aftermarket fuel filler cap, the customer warranty may be void for any damage to the fuel tank and/or fuel system.
WARNING
The fuel system may be under pressure. If the fuel cap is venting vapor or if you hear a hissing sound, wait until it stops before completely removing the cap.
You may occasionally hear and/or feel a slight thump occurring one or two seconds after a gentle stop. This is normal and generally occurs with the fuel tank 3/4 full. It is caused by the wave action of the fuel within the tank.
289
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC32510(R)01/96]
[MC32520(R)01/96]
*[MC32530(R)01/96] *[MC32540(R)01/96] *[MC32550(R)01/96] %*[MC32580(R)01/96] *[MC32592(R)05/96]
*[MC32600(R)05/96]
[MC32620(R)05/96] *[MC32640(R)05/96]
A venting fuel tank is not an abnormal condition. It may be caused by: n Too volatile a fuel for the weather conditions. The service
stations sometimes sell winter grade fuel in the spring. n Pulling a heavy load on hot days, or at high altitudes. n Extended periods of idling with the engine RPM increased
above the normal idle range.
n Parking vehicle in full sunlight for extended periods on
extremely hot days.
Choosing the Right Fuel
Use only UNLEADED FUEL. The use of leaded fuel is prohibited by law and could damage your vehicle. The damage may not be covered by your warranty.
Your vehicle was not designed to use fuel containing manganese-based additives such as MMT. Additionally, vehicles certified to California emission standards (indicated on the underhood Vehicle Emissions Control Information label) are designed to operate on California reformulated gasolines. If California reformulated gasoline is not available when you refuel, your vehicle can be operated on non-California fuels. However, even though your engine will perform adequately on other gasolines, the performance of the emission control devices and systems may be adversely affected. Repair of damage caused by using a fuel that your vehicle was not designed for may not be covered by your warranty. Octane Recommendations
Your vehicle is designed to use regular gasoline with an (R+M)/2 octane rating of 87. We do not recommend gasolines labeled as “regular” in high altitude areas that are sold with octane ratings of 86 or even less.
290
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
[MC32660(R)05/96]
one inch art:0060001-C
*[MC32680(R)05/96]
[MC32700(R)05/96] *[MC32720(R)05/96]
*[MC32730(R)05/96]
*[MC32740(R)05/96]
[MC32742(R)05/96] *[MC32744(R)05/96]
Maintenance and Care
Typical octane rating label
Do not be concerned if your vehicle sometimes knocks lightly. However, if it knocks heavily under most driving conditions on the recommended octane fuel, see your dealer or a qualified service technician to prevent any engine damage. Fuel Quality
If you are experiencing starting, rough idle or hesitation problems, try a different brand of fuel. If the condition persists, see your dealer or a qualified service technician.
The American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) issued a gasoline specification to provide information on high quality fuels that optimize the performance of your vehicle. We recommend the use of gasolines that meet the AAMA specification if they are available.
It should not be necessary to add any aftermarket products to your fuel tank if you continue to use a high-quality fuel. Cleaner Air
Ford approves the use of gasolines to improve air quality, including reformulated gasolines, that contain oxygenates such as a maximum of 10% ethanol or 15% MTBE. There should be no more than 5% methanol with cosolvents and additives to protect the fuel system.
291
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC32746(R)01/96] *[MC32750(R)01/96]
*[MC32760(R)01/96]
*[MC32762(R)01/96]
[MC32764(R)04/96]
*[MC32766(R)01/96]
*[MC32768(R)01/96]
Safety Information Relating to Automotive Fuels
WARNING
Automotive fuels can cause serious injury or death if misused or mishandled.
Gasoline and other automotive fuels are extremely flammable. Turn your vehicle off and do not smoke while refueling your vehicle. Keep sparks and other sources of ignition away from fuels.
Automotive fuels can be harmful or fatal if swallowed. Further, gasoline may be blended with methanol. Even small amounts of methanol can cause blindness and possibly death when swallowed. Therefore, never attempt to siphon any fuel by mouth.
If any fuel is swallowed, call a physician or poison control center immediately. Do not delay calling a physician merely because no adverse effects are noticed at first; the toxic effects of fuels may not become apparent for many hours.
If gasoline is swallowed, do not induce vomiting. If a gasoline-methanol blend is swallowed, induce vomiting under the direction of a physician or poison control center.
Gasoline and gasoline-methanol blends may contain small amounts of carcinogens, such as benzene. Long-term exposure to unleaded gasoline vapors has caused cancer in laboratory animals. Further, excessive inhalation of fuel vapors can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, loss of coordination, and other symptoms which could interfere with your ability to safely operate your vehicle. To the extent possible, avoid breathing vapors while refueling. If fuel vapors are inhaled in excessive quantities, move the victim to fresh air and seek medical attention.
292
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC32770(R)01/96]
*[MC32772(R)01/96]
*[MC32774(R)01/96]
%*[MC32800(R)01/96] *[MC32810(R)01/96]
*[MC32812(R)01/96]
Maintenance and Care
Fuels can also be harmful if absorbed through the skin. When refueling, be careful not to splash fuel on yourself or your clothing. If fuel is splashed on the skin, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Fuels can cause severe eye irritation and possibly eye damage. If fuel is splashed in the eyes, remove contact lenses (if worn), flush with large amounts of water for 15 minutes, and seek medical attention.
If you are taking the medication “Antabuse” or other forms of disulfiram for the treatment of alcoholism, vapor or skin contact with a gasoline-methanol blend may cause the same kind of adverse reaction as drinking an alcoholic beverage. In sensitive individuals, serious personal injury or sickness could result. Consult a physician promptly if you experience an adverse reaction. Running Out of Fuel
If your vehicle runs out of fuel, try to stop on level ground away from traffic. Add at least two gallons (8 liters) of fuel to start your vehicle again. If your vehicle is not on level ground, you may need as much as five gallons (20 liters) of fuel to start it.
You may need to crank the engine several times before the fuel system starts to pump fuel from the tank to the engine.
293
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC32850(R)03/96] *[MC32852(R)01/96]
*[MC32854(R)01/96] *[MC32856(R)01/96] *[MC32858(R)01/96] *[MC32860(R)01/96] *[MC32862(R)01/96]
%*[MC32900(R)01/96]
*[MC32950(R)05/96]
%*[MC33000(R)01/96] *[MC33010(R)01/96]
Fuel Economy
Fuel economy is an estimate of the efficiency of your vehicle and can be calculated as Miles Per Gallon (MPG) or Liters Per 100 Kilometers (L/100K).
To calculate fuel economy:
1. Fill the tank completely and record the initial odometer
reading.
2. Every time you buy fuel record the amount (in gallons or
liters) purchased.
3. After at least three to five tankfuls, fill the fuel tank and
record the final odometer reading.
4. Divide the total number of miles that you have driven by the total number of gallons that your vehicle has used. In metric, multiply the number of liters used by 100 and divide the answer by the number of kilometers traveled. This will give you the number of liters used per 100 km.
Comparisons With Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Transport Canada (TC) Fuel Economy Estimates
EPA fuel economy figures are obtained from laboratory tests under simulated road conditions and may not reflect the actual conditions you experience or your style of driving. The EPA fuel economy estimate is not a guarantee that you will achieve the fuel economy shown. Improving Fuel Economy
Fuel economy is affected by a number of variables which can reduce efficiency. You can improve fuel economy by understanding these variables and minimizing their effect.
294
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC33020(R)01/96] *[MC33030(R)01/96] *[MC33040(R)01/96] *[MC33050(R)01/96] *[MC33060(R)01/96] *[MC33070(R)01/96] *[MC33072(R)01/96] *[MC33074(R)01/96] *[MC33076(R)01/96] *[MC33078(R)01/96] *[MC33080(R)01/96] *[MC33090(R)01/96] %*[MC42000(R)01/96] *[MC42100(R)01/96]
*[MC42110(R)01/96] *[MC42120(R)01/96] *[MC42130(R)01/96] *[MC42132(R)01/96] *[MC42134(R)03/96]
Maintenance and Care
The following decrease fuel economy: n Lack of regular, scheduled maintenance n Excessive speed n Rapid acceleration and excessive speed n Driving with your foot on the brake n Sudden stops n Extended engine idling n Using speed control in hilly terrain n Extended use of the A/C, defroster, rear window defroster
and other accessories
n Underinflated tires n Heavy loads n Aftermarket add-ons such as bike, ski or luggage racks, bug
deflectors, etc.
Emission Control System Your vehicle is equipped with a catalytic converter which enables your vehicle to comply with applicable exhaust emission requirements. To make sure that the catalytic converter and the other emission control parts continue to work properly: n Use only unleaded fuel. n Avoid running out of fuel. n Do not turn off the ignition while your vehicle is moving,
especially at high speeds.
n Have the services listed in your Maintenance Schedule booklet
performed according to the specified schedule.
295
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
*[MC42200(R)01/96]
*[MC42300(R)01/96]
*[MC42400(R)01/96]
*[MC42410(R)01/96]
*[MC42420(R)01/96]
*[MC42430(R)08/95]
*[MC42440(R)01/96]
WARNING
Do not park, idle, or drive your vehicle in dry grass or other dry ground cover. The emission system heats up the engine compartment and exhaust system, which can start a fire.
WARNING
On vehicles without original equipment floor covering or insulation, do not let passengers ride in your truck in a manner that allows contact between skin and the metal floor.
Watch for fluid leaks, strange odors, smoke, loss of oil pressure, the charge warning light, the check engine light, or the temperature warning light. These sometimes indicate that the emission system is not working properly.
Do not make any unauthorized changes to your vehicle or engine. Changes that cause more unburned fuel to reach the exhaust system can increase the temperature of the engine or exhaust system.
By law, anyone who manufactures, repairs, services, sells, leases, trades vehicles, or supervises a fleet of vehicles is not permitted to intentionally remove an emission control device or prevent it from working. In some of the United States and in Canada, vehicle owners may be liable if their emission control device is removed or is prevented from working.
Never use a metal exhaust collector when you service your vehicle. If the metal collector contacts any of your vehicle’s plastic trim or bumper parts they could melt or deform.
Do not drive your vehicle if it does not operate properly. See your dealer if the engine runs on for more than five seconds after you shut it off or if it misfires, surges, stalls, or backfires.
296
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC42450(R)01/96]
%*[MC42460(R)03/96] *[MC42470(R)04/96]
*[MC43000(R)05/96]
[MC43100(R)03/96]
*[MC43200(R)03/96] [MC43300(R)03/96]
Maintenance and Care
Information about your vehicle’s emission control system is on the Vehicle Emission Control Information decal located on or near the engine. This decal identifies engine displacement and gives some tune-up specifications. How to Prepare Your Vehicle for Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) Testing
In some localities it may become a legal requirement to pass an Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) test of the On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) II system. If your check engine light is on, reference the check engine light description under the Warning Lights and Gauges section. Your vehicle may not pass an I/M test with the check engine light on. If the vehicle’s powertrain system or its battery has just been serviced, the OBD II system is reset to a not ready for I/M testing condition. To prepare for I/M testing, additional city and highway driving is necessary to complete the check of the OBD II system.
The driving modes required to reach the ready condition consist of a minimum of 30 minutes of city and highway driving as described below: n 20 minutes of driving in stop and go city-type traffic with at
least four (4) idle periods.
n 10 minutes of driving on an expressway or highway
Before completing the above driving modes, the engine must be warmed up and operating temperature. Once started, the vehicle must not be turned off during the above driving modes. If the vehicle owner is unable to meet the I/M requirements by using these driving patterns, an authorized service center can perform a detailed OBD II Drive Cycle as it would any other type of repair work.
297
File:11unmcr.ex Update:Thu Mar 20 08:58:43 1997
%*[MC44600(R)03/96] *[MC44700(R)01/96] *[MC44800(R)01/96] *[MC44850(R)01/96]
