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Touch Drive system indicator lights
A 4x4 indicator light and a LOW RANGE indicator light are located at the lower right of the instrument cluster. In addition, two small amber lights are located near the Touch Drive system buttons. The amber light to the left of the 4x4 button will light up at the same time as the 4x4 instrument panel light. The amber light to the left of the LOW RANGE light will light up at the same time as the instrument panel LOW RANGE light. q Two Wheel Drive mode — Neither the 4x4
nor the LOW RANGE lights are lit.
4x4 mode — Only the 4x4 light is lit.
4x4 LOW RANGE mode — Both the 4x4 and LOW RANGE lights are lit.
To shift from Two-Wheel Drive to 4x4:
To shift into 4x4, push the 4x4 button located on the instrument panel. This shift can be done at a stop or at speeds up to 55 miles per hour (88 km/h). When the vehicle is driven, the automatic locking hubs will engage. If the vehicle is stopped while in 4x4 and the vehicle direction is reversed from the previous direction, the automatic locking hubs will momentarily disengage and reengage. The automatic locking hubs may click as they automatically engage in the new direction.
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Touch drive electric shift switch
— At extremely low temperatures, it may be necessary to slow down or even stop to shift from two wheel drive to 4x4.
— The initial shift from two-wheel drive to 4x4
while the vehicle is moving can cause some momentary clunk and ratcheting sounds. This is the front drivetrain coming up to speed and the automatic locking hubs engaging and is not a cause for concern.— Because of possible damage to powertrain components, never shift from Two-Wheel Drive to 4x4 with the rear wheels slipping.
To shift from 4x4 to Two-Wheel Drive:
Push the 4x4 button; the 4x4 lamp on the instrument cluster will go out indicating the vehicle is in Two-Wheel Drive. This can be done at any speed. To disengage the automatic locking hubs, operate the vehicle in Two-Wheel Drive in the opposite direction for approximately 10 feet (3 meters) in a straight line.
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For example:
If you were driving the vehicle forward in 4x4, the automatic locking hubs will disengage the next time the vehicle is driven in reverse in Two-Wheel Drive for approximately 10 feet (3 meters) in a straight line. If you were driving the vehicle in reverse in 4x4, the automatic locking hubs will disengage the next time the vehicle is driven forward in Two-Wheel Drive for approximately 10 feet (3 meters) in a straight line.
Operating in two-wheel drive mode with the hubs locked increases fuel consumption, noise, vibration, and wear. For prolonged two-wheel drive operation on dry pavement, disengagement of the automatic locking hubs, which is not required for two-wheel drive operation, stops all movement of front-wheel drive components while operating in two-wheel drive.
To shift from 4x4 to 4x4 LOW RANGE:
Stop the vehicle and place the automatic transmission in NEUTRAL or depress the clutch on vehicles with a manual transmission. Push the LOW RANGE button on the instrument panel to shift the transfer case from 4x4 to 4x4
LOW RANGE. Both the 4x4 and LOW RANGE lights are now lit.NOTE: The vehicle must already be in 4x4
before pushing the Low Range Button.
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To shift from 4x4 LOW RANGE to 4x4: Stop the vehicle and place the automatic transmission into NEUTRAL or depress the clutch on vehicles with a manual transmission. Push the LOW RANGE button on the instrument panel to shift the transfer case from 4x4 LOW RANGE to 4x4. Driving Off Road with 4-Wheel Drive Most vehicles with four-wheel drive are especially equipped for driving on sand, snow, mud, or rough terrain and have operating characteristics that are somewhat different from conventional vehicles, both off and on the road. The driving tips below will help you learn to use four-wheel drive. q Do not use 4WD LOW on dry, hard-surfaced
roads. Special maintenance procedures are necessary after operating with drive components in water.
q Manual locking hubs must be in LOCK
position before shifting into four-wheel drive. When using four-wheel drive, maintain steering wheel control at all times, especially in rough terrain. Since sudden changes in terrain can result in abrupt steering wheel motion, make sure you grip the steering wheel rim from the outside. Do not grip the spokes. Drive cautiously to avoid vehicle damage from concealed objects such as rocks and stumps. Know the terrain or examine maps of the area in question before driving. Map out your route beforehand. To maintain steering and braking control of your vehicle, you must have all four
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tires on the ground, and they must be rolling, not sliding or spinning.
Transmission upshift in 4x4 with transfer case in 4L may be quite firm due to large total gear reduction. This condition is normal. Sand
When driving over sand, try to keep all four wheels of the vehicle on the most solid area of the trail. Do not reduce the tire pressures but shift to a lower gear and drive steadily through the terrain. Apply accelerator slowly and avoid spinning the wheels. Mud and Water
When driving through water, determine the depth; avoid water higher than the bottom of the hubs (if possible) and proceed slowly. If the ignition system gets wet, the vehicle may stall.
Once through water, always try the brakes. Wet brakes do not stop the vehicle as effectively as dry brakes. Drying can be improved by moving your vehicle slowly, while applying light pressure on the brake pedal.
After driving through mud, clean off residue stuck to rotating driveshafts and tires. Excess mud stuck on tires and rotating driveshafts causes an imbalance which could damage drive components.
NOTE: If the transmission and transfer case is submerged in water, their fluids should be checked and changed, if necessary.
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Additional Special Driving Instructions for Utility Vehicles Driving on Hill or Slope Terrain When driving on a hill, it may be necessary to travel diagonally up or down. Avoid driving crosswise or turning on steep slopes, you could lose traction and slip sideways. Drive straight up, straight down or avoid the hill completely. Know the conditions on the other side of a hill before driving over the crest. When climbing a steep hill, start in a lower gear, rather than finding it necessary to downshift from a higher gear after the ascent has started. This reduces strain on the engine and the possibility of stalling. When descending a steep hill avoid sudden braking. Rapid pumping of the brake pedal will help slow the vehicle and still maintain steering control. Driving on Snow or Ice A four-wheel drive vehicle has advantages over two-wheel drive vehicles in snow and ice but can skid like any other vehicle. If so equipped, keep the vehicle in four-wheel drive if icy or slippery conditions exist. Avoid sudden applications of power and quick changes of direction on snow or ice. Apply the accelerator slowly and steadily when starting from a full stop. All utility-type and Four-Wheel Drive vehicles have special design and equipment features to make them capable of performing in a wide variety of off-road applications. Specific design characteristics give them higher centers of gravity than ordinary passenger cars.
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RWARNING
All utility and four-wheel drive vehicles are not designed for cornering at speeds as high as passenger cars any more than low-slung sports cars are designed to perform satisfactorily under off-road conditions. Avoid sharp turns or abrupt maneuvers in these vehicles.
Brakes Front Disc Brakes
The front disc brakes are self-adjusting. They do not require service other than periodic inspection for pad wear. Rear Drum Brakes
The rear drum brakes are self-adjusting. Automatic adjustment occurs when the brakes are applied while “backing up.” If normal operation does not include much backing, adjust the brakes when they seem “low,” using the procedure under If Brakes Do Not Grip Well or Pedal is Low in this chapter. Hydraulic Power Brakes
The hydraulic brake system is made up of two independent hydraulic circuits. One hydraulic circuit supplies fluid to the front disc brakes and the other hydraulic circuit supplies fluid to the rear drum brakes. These two circuits are supplied by a common hydraulic brake fluid reservoir, with a fluid level sensor.
The brake light in the instrument cluster will light for low brake fluid in the common brake fluid reservoir.
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RWARNING
An increase in pedal travel will result in reduced braking capability. The brake system should be checked immediately.
Anti-lock Brake System
Your vehicle is equipped with a Four Wheel Anti-lock Braking System (4WABS). The 4WABS helps the driver to maintain vehicle control by preventing wheel lockup during hard braking.
The 4WABS operates with a computer that is able to optimize vehicle control during braking on varying tire and road conditions by modulating the brake pressure at each of the front wheels and the rear axle. This “pumping action” is similar to the driver “pumping” the brakes but happens at a much faster rate.
RWARNING
The Anti-lock system does NOT assist the vehicle in stopping quickly on wet or icy surfaces. Heavy braking combined with poor road conditions could cause you to lose steering control of your vehicle.
Using anti-lock brakes
The operation of a vehicle with 4WABS is not similar to the operation of normal brakes. Some differences exist and are listed below: q Apply the brake steadily. In the event of a
panic stop, do NOT “pump” the brakes. “Pumping” the brakes during an Anti-lock stop will diminish braking effectiveness.
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q During an Anti-lock stop, the driver will
notice a brake pedal pulsation and hear some noise from the engine compartment. This is an indication that the 4WABS system is working correctly and is normal.
RWARNING
The Anti-lock system does NOT decrease the time necessary to apply the brakes. Always leave enough room between the vehicle in front of you and your vehicle.
4WABS driver warning light
The 4WABS computer continuously monitors the system while driving for any electrical faults or system malfunctions. In addition, the 4WABS computer performs an initial system check called bulb proveout when the vehicle ignition is switched on. During bulb proveout, the amber “ABS” light on the instrument cluster will momentarily illuminate and then go out.
NOTE: After starting the vehicle and upon
initial drive-off, the driver may notice a single pulse of the brake pedal and a noise from the engine compartment. This is part of the initial system check and is normal.
Should a malfunction in the 4WABS system occur, the amber “ABS” light on the instrument cluster will come on and stay on indicating that the antilock system has been shut down and the vehicle needs to be serviced. Normal braking is not affected unless the red brake warning light is also illuminated.
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NOTE: It is important to note that when the
ABS Warning Light is illuminated the ABS system is disabled. The vehicle must be serviced immediately to restore the benefits of the Anti-lock system.
NOTE: Mobile phones or radio transmitters
not installed by Ford Motor Company may interfere with the Anti-lock System. Should the Anti-lock system activate unexpectedly or the Anti-lock Warning Light illuminate after installation of such a unit, have the installation of the unit checked.
If Brakes Do Not Grip Well or Pedal is “Low”
If brakes do not grip well, it may indicate the rear drum brakes need adjustment. To do this, drive the vehicle in reverse at 5 mph (8 km/h) on level, dry pavement. Stop the vehicle by firmly applying the brakes. Repeat this procedure four or five times.
If during normal operation the brake pedal seems “low”, it may indicate the need for a brake system inspection and/or service. You should have your brakes checked as soon as possible.
Occasional brake squeal during light to moderate stops does not affect the function of the brake system and is normal. However, if the squeal becomes annoyingly loud or increases significantly in frequency of occurrence, return the vehicle to your dealer for inspection.
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RWARNING
Modifications to the suspension spring rates and/or vehicle ride height may adversely affect vehicle stopping ability.
If Brakes Pull q Check tire pressure q Perform the self-adjustment procedure
described under If Brakes Do Not Grip Well or Pedal is “Low.”
If pull occurs during the first 500 miles (800 km), make 10 moderately fast stops from 40 mph (65 km/h) and then perform the self-adjustment procedure above. It may be necessary to repeat this operation to properly seat new brake linings and pads. Stopping Distances Stopping distances vary with different loads and driving conditions. Use caution when encountering new conditions and acquaint yourself with vehicle performance. Take full advantage of engine braking power when slowing down. Applying the Brakes Apply the brake pedal gradually. Use the “squeeze” technique — push on the brake pedal with a steadily increasing force. This allows the wheels to continue to roll while you are slowing down, which lets you steer properly.
RWARNING
Do not drive with your foot resting on the brake pedal. This will increase your vehicle’s stopping distance and may also cause brake damage.
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RWARNING
If you are driving down a long or steep hill, shift to a lower gear. Do not apply your brakes continuously, as they may overheat and become less effective.
Using the Parking Brake The parking brake should be used whenever you park your vehicle.
The parking brake pedal is suspended just below the bottom of the instrument panel to the left of service brake and/or clutch pedals. To set the parking brake while parking your vehicle, press the brake pedal with your right foot and hold it while you push the parking brake pedal down firmly and fully with your left foot.
Parking Brake
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RWARNING
When parking, do not use the gearshift in place of the parking brake. Turn the key to LOCK whenever you leave your vehicle. Always set the parking brake fully and make sure that the gearshift is securely latched in P (Park) (automatic transmission) or in 1 (First) (manual transmission). Never leave your vehicle unattended while it is running. If you do not take these precautions, your vehicle may move unexpectedly and injure someone.
When the transfer case is in the N (Neutral) position, the engine and transmission are disconnected from the rest of the driveline. Therefore, the vehicle is free to roll even if the automatic transmission is in P (Park) or the manual transmission is in gear.
RWARNING
Do not leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the N (Neutral) position. Always set the parking brake fully and turn off the ignition when leaving the vehicle.
To release the parking brake, press the service brake pedal with your right foot and pull the parking brake release lever.
RWARNING
If the parking brake is fully released, but the Brake System light remains on, have the brakes checked immediately. They may not be working properly.
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The parking brake is not designed to stop a moving vehicle, but you can use the parking brake to stop your vehicle in an emergency if the normal brakes fail. However, since the parking brake applies only the rear brakes, the stopping distance will increase greatly and the handling of your vehicle will be adversely affected. Driving Under Special Conditions Tips for Safe Driving As with any new vehicle, yours may drive and handle differently from your previous vehicle. Use care until you become accustomed to its various features and driving characteristics. Operate your vehicle within reasonable limits. Sudden acceleration, deceleration, turning, or combinations of these maneuvers can cause a vehicle to behave differently than anticipated. Wheel Spin q Extreme acceleration can cause the rear
wheels to spin, perhaps resulting in reduced steering control.
If the wheels spin during vehicle start-up, shift to a different gear: q Automatic Overdrive 4R7OW: use 2 (Second) q Electronic 4-Speed Automatic Transmission
E4OD: use 2 (Second)
q Mazda R2 5-Speed Overdrive Manual: use 2
(Second)
Move forward slowly and evenly. If this does not work, try rocking the vehicle. For 4x4 vehicles, engage 4WD, and try to drive away.
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High Speed Driving
Ford Motor Company recommends obeying posted speed limits.
RWARNING
Driving too fast for conditions creates the possibility of loss of vehicle control. Driving at very high speeds for extended periods of time may result in damage to vehicle components.
Speed limiter
All models are equipped with an electronic engine control system (EEC) which limits the maximum engine speed and thus road speed in top gear. Vehicle operation is normal since the controlled maximum speed is above posted highway speeds in North America. Driving in Bad Weather
Slippery roads
Drive cautiously on wet or snowy roads: q Do not quickly move the steering wheel
unless necessary.
q Drive slower than you normally would. q Give your vehicle more distance to stop. q To stop on ice, shift to Neutral below 10 mph
(16 km/h) and gently pump brakes. (Except with 4WAL)
q Consider using one of the lower gears.
For 4x4 vehicles, engage 4WD, and try to drive slowly away.
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RWARNING
To avoid losing control on slippery roads, do not downshift into Low with the automatic transmission when moving faster than 20 mph (32 km/h). Do not downshift into First with the manual transmission when moving faster than 5 mph (8 km/h).
RWARNING
The rear antilock brake system may not prevent brake lock-up on extremely slippery surfaces. Rear brake lock-up may also occur while driving in four-wheel drive because the transfer case couples the front and rear axles together.
Traction-Lok Rear Axle (If equipped)
This axle provides added drive away traction on slippery surfaces, particularly when one or more wheels are on a surface with poor traction.
Extended use of other than matching size tires on a Traction-Lok rear axle could result in a permanent reduction in effectiveness. This loss of effectiveness does not affect normal driving and should not be noticeable to the driver.
RWARNING
To avoid injury, never run the engine with one wheel off the ground, such as when changing a tire.
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High water
Never attempt to cross water that is fast flowing or of unknown depth.
Do not drive through flooded areas unless you are sure that the water is below the bottom of the wheel hubs.
If you must drive through high water, drive slowly. You may have limited traction or wet brakes, so allow extra stopping distance because your vehicle will not stop as quickly as usual.
After you drive through the standing water, apply your brakes gently several times as your vehicle moves slowly. This helps to dry the brakes.
NOTE: If the transmission and transfer case is submerged in water, their fluids should be checked and changed, if necessary.
NOTE: All rear axle lube quantities must be
replaced every 100,000 miles (160,000 km) or if the axle has been submerged in water. Otherwise, the lube should not be checked or changed unless a leak is suspected or repair required.
Rocking the vehicle
For 4x4 vehicles, engage 4WD LOW, when the vehicle gets stuck and try to drive away.
If your vehicle gets stuck (for example, in mud or snow), you may rock it out of the spot. Shift in a steady rhythm between forward and reverse gears. Allow the transmission to fully engage, then press lightly on the accelerator. Do not rock the vehicle for more than a few minutes. This
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may overheat the engine and transmission, causing damage to both. In addition, other vehicle systems and components may also be damaged.
RWARNING
Do not spin the wheels at over 35 mph (56 km/h). The tires may fail and injure a passenger or bystander.
Driving With a Heavy Load There are limits to the amount of weight your vehicle can carry or tow. The total weight of your vehicle, plus the weight of the passengers and cargo, should never be more than the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). Also, the weight that your vehicle carries over the front axle and rear axle should never be more than the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) for the respective axle.
The weight limits of your vehicle’s tires affect the GVWR or GAWR limitations. Usage of replacement tires with higher weight limit than originals does not increase GVWR or GAWR. Usage of lower capacity replacement tires may lower GVWR and GAWR limitations.
RWARNING
If the GVWR or the GAWR specified on the Safety Compliance Certification Label is exceeded, your vehicle may be damaged or you may lose control and injure someone.
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Heavy duty front suspension package (option)
This optional front suspension package is designed to handle the additional loads that will be imposed on the vehicle by adding aftermarket equipment, such as a snowplow. Refer to the Safety Compliance Certification Label for details. Vehicle/Trailer Loads
All vehicles may tow a Class I trailer provided the Gross Combined Weight (GCW) is less than or equal to the GVWR shown on the Safety Compliance Certification Label. For heavier trailer applications, refer to the towing information found later in this chapter. Trailer Towing (may require trailer tow option package)
Towing a trailer puts additional loads on your vehicle’s engine, transmission, axle, brakes, tires and suspension. For your safety and for the good of your vehicle, use the right equipment for the type of trailer you tow.
If your trailer is equipped with electric brakes, auxiliary battery, or back-up lamps, the optional 7 wire trailer towing electrical hook-up will be required on the vehicle.
Your trailer towing capability will vary based on the standard and optional equipment on your vehicle. Refer to the following Vehicle Loading/Towing Information and the Trailer Towing Tables to determine the specific towing capability of your vehicle.
Stay within the load limits when you tow.
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q Carefully and thoroughly prepare your
vehicle for towing, making sure to use the right equipment and to attach it properly. (See Preparing to Tow in this chapter.)
q Use extra caution when driving your vehicle while you tow. (See Driving while you tow in this chapter.)
Service your vehicle more frequently if you tow a trailer. (See Servicing your vehicle if you tow in this chapter.)
Do not tow a trailer until your vehicle has been driven at least 500 miles (800 km). Vehicle Loading/Towing Information Your vehicle’s load capacity is designated by weight, not volume, so you cannot necessarily use all available space with large or heavy loads. Maximum safe vehicle weights as well as tire, rim sizes and inflation pressures are specified for your vehicle at the assembly plant on the Safety Compliance Certification Label. The Certification Label is located on the left front door lock facing or the door latch post pillar.
Trucks, unlike passenger cars, are basically custom vehicles designed to carry a load. Most owners start with a base vehicle and add production and dealer installed and/or aftermarket components to suit their tastes and purposes. Even trucks that are purchased for personal transportation only are likely to have considerable optional equipment, such as step bumpers and light bars, for example.
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RWARNING
Passengers should not be allowed to ride in the cargo area. Persons not riding in a seat with a fastened seat belt are much more likely to suffer serious injury in a collision. Cargo should always be secured to prevent it from shifting and causing damage to the vehicle or harm to passengers.
Each additional item of equipment affects how much cargo a vehicle can carry. If a vehicle is overloaded, performance will suffer and service concerns may arise.
The following is a typical example of a Safety Compliance Certification Label and an explanation of how this information should be used:
Safety Compliance Certification Label
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Do not use the sample numbers on the Safety Compliance Certification Label shown. Use the actual numbers from your vehicle certification label. Understanding Loading/Towing Information The following terms are used to describe the ability to carry or tow a load: q Base Curb Weight q Payload q GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) q GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) q GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating) q GCWR (Gross Combined Weight Rating) q Maximum Trailer Weight Rating q Maximum Trailer Weight q Trailer Weight Range Base Curb Weight The Base Curb Weight is the weight of the vehicle including fuel, coolants, lubricants, emergency tools, spare wheel and tire. It also includes any equipment that is standard on that model. It does not include passengers, cargo or optional equipment installed by factory, dealer, aftermarket supplier or customer. Payload Payload is the combined, maximum allowable weight of cargo, occupants and optional equipment that the truck is designed to carry. It is Gross Vehicle Weight Rating minus the base curb weight.
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*[DR30550( ALL)03/91] *[DR30601( ALL)03/91]
*[DR30650( ALL)10/94]
*[DR30701( ALL)03/91] *[DR30750( ALL)10/94]
*[DR30801( ALL)01/93] *[DR30850( ALL)03/91]
*[DR30901( ALL)03/91]
*[DR30950( ALL)06/92]
Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) If you add base curb weight and the weight of a load (including passengers, cargo and optional equipment) being carried at a particular time, you get the Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). It is important to remember that GVW is not a limit or a specification. If an owner loads up a vehicle and weighs it, that’s the GVW at that moment. If the owner piles on more of a load and weighs it again, that becomes the GVW...until such time as the vehicle is unloaded. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) To avoid overloading a vehicle, the owner should observe the manufacturer’s specified Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. The GVWR is the maximum total weight of base vehicle, passengers, optional components and cargo that a particular vehicle was designed to carry. Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) We have all seen a car or a truck that is loaded down in the rear and riding high in the front. This is a dangerous condition that usually means that the rear suspension components are under severe strain and that vehicle handling is impaired. There is more to carrying a load than just payload or GVWR. Your Safety Compliance Certification Label not only gives the GVWR, it also gives the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) which is the carrying capacity for each axle system. For trucks, the rear axle will be designed to carry more weight than the front. The rating is based on the carrying capacity of the lowest rated axle and suspension component as well as other factors. This is why it’s so important to observe vehicle loading ratings.
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*[DR31001( ALL)06/92]
*[DR31050( ALL)06/92]
*[DR31101(BEF )07/92]
*[DR31110( ALL)06/92]
*[DR31120( ALL)06/92] *[DR31130( ALL)06/92]
*[DR31140( ALL)06/92] *[DR31150( ALL)06/92]
Overloading a vehicle punishes components and can lead to shortened service life or outright failure. The capacity of the tires is included as part of the axle and suspension system, which is to be considered when determining the lowest rated component. Tires are rated to carry a specific maximum load at a specific maximum tire pressure. Passenger car type tires when installed on light trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles are rated at 10% lower load carrying capacity due to the differences in vehicle usages. The vehicle must not be loaded to both the front and rear GAWR because the GVWR will be exceeded. The GAWR of the front and rear axles exceed the GVWR when added together to allow flexibility in fore and aft loading of cargo. With the tires inflated to the specified pressure the total weight of your vehicle must not exceed the GVWR and GAWR specified on the Safety Compliance Certification Label. This includes full fuel tank(s), vehicle equipment, and occupants as well as the cargo load. GCWR (Gross Combined Weight Rating) GCWR is the maximum combined weight of the towing vehicle (including passengers and cargo) and the loaded trailer. The GCWR is specified by the manufacturer to indicate the combined maximum loaded weight that the vehicle is designed to tow. Maximum Trailer Weight Rating The maximum weight of a trailer the vehicle is permitted to tow. The maximum trailer weight rating is specified by the manufacturer and is determined by subtracting the vehicle curb
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*[DR31160( ALL)06/92] *[DR31170( ALL)06/92]
*[DR31180( ALL)06/92] *[DR31190( ALL)06/92]
*[DR31301( ALL)03/91] *[DR31350( ALL)03/91]
*[DR31401( ALL)12/91]
*[DR31450( ALL)09/93]
*[DR31501( ALL)03/91]
*[DR31550( ALL)03/91]
weight for each engine/transmission combination, any required option weight for trailer towing and the weight of the driver from the GCWR for the towing vehicle.
Maximum Trailer Weight
The maximum weight of a trailer the loaded vehicle is permitted to tow. The maximum weight of the trailer is determined by subtracting the weight of the loaded towing vehicle (including passengers and cargo) from the GCWR for the towing vehicle.
Trailer Weight Range
The trailer weight range is a specified range by weight, which the trailer must fall within, ranging from zero to the maximum trailer weight rating. Calculating The Load
To know how much weight your vehicle can carry: q Obtain ratings from your Safety Compliance
Certification Label, and the Trailer towing specifications in the owner guide (refer to the Index)
— Refer to the following sample illustration
to locate the various ratings on your Safety Compliance Certification Label.
— If you do not plan on pulling a trailer, do
not include these ratings into your calculations.
q Weigh your vehicle as you customarily
operate the vehicle without cargo.
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*[DR31601( ALL)03/91]
*[DR31650(B FM)03/94]
half page art:0020837-B
*[DR31702( ALL)03/91]
Subtract the total weight of passengers, driver and optional equipment added by the factory, dealer or aftermarket supplier to determine how much cargo weight you can carry.
Sample label
If you suspect that your payload is excessive, have your vehicle weighed at a highway weigh station or appropriate commercial facility. Weigh the total vehicle and trailer (if applicable), then separately weigh the vehicle at the front and rear wheels. And finally, weigh the trailer separately if applicable.
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*[DR31751( ALL)03/91] *[DR31801(B FM)03/94]
twenty-six pica chart:0020838-D
*[DR31851( ALL)03/91]
*[DR31901( ALL)10/94]
Use this chart to perform your calculations.
NOTE: The Truck Safety Compliance
Certification Label has two weight related entries that sometimes cause confusion.
Front Axle Reserve Capacity in Pounds: On the sample label, this value is given as 83 pounds (38 kgs). Does this mean that you are limited to adding only 83 pounds (38 kgs) of accessories to the front end capacity? Not exactly. This says that you can load 83 pounds (38 kgs) of options on the front axle, add 150 pound (68 kgs)
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*[DR31950( ALL)06/92]
*[DR32001( ALL)05/91]
*[DR32050( ALL)06/94]
*[DR32201( ALL)01/93] *[DR32251( ALL)10/94]
*[DR32301( ALL)01/95]
passengers to all seating positions, and add evenly distributed cargo in the box without exceeding the GAWR F. It is possible to hang heavier equipment on the front as long as the vehicle owner/operator compensates. This can be accomplished, if necessary, by carrying fewer passengers, less cargo or positioning cargo more toward the rear, which has the effect of reducing the load on the front. Keep in mind that the GAWR F, GAWR R, nor the GVWR should ever be exceeded. Total Accessory Reserve Capacity in Pounds: On the sample label this value is given as 112
pounds (51 kgs). This is a number that is related to government crash test standards, and only indirectly reflects on the amount of accessory weight that can be carried. In the case of both these numbers (83 and 112
pounds) (38 and 51 kgs), the important thing to remember is that for safe operation, an owner/operator should calculate the amount and the distribution of all weights (passengers, accessory equipment and cargo). These combined weights should fall below the vehicle’s GVWR and GAWR. Trailers Towing a trailer safely means having the proper weight on the tongue (usually 10% of the trailer weight). Load-equalizing hitches on large rigs may transfer weight to each of the vehicle’s axles. This weight must be included in capacity calculations when determining if the vehicle is loaded within safe limits. If your vehicle exceeds the GVWR, remove cargo from your vehicle accordingly. If your vehicle exceeds the GAWR for either axle, shift the load or remove cargo accordingly.224
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*[DR32350( ALL)02/95]
*[DR32401( ALL)05/95]
*[DR32450( ALL)03/91]
*[DR32500( ALL)03/91]
*[DR32551( ALL)03/91]
RWARNING
If the GVWR or the GAWR specified on the Safety Compliance Certification Label is exceeded, your vehicle may be damaged or you may lose control and injure someone.
RWARNING
Towing trailers beyond the maximum recommended gross trailer weight could result in engine damage, transmission/axle damage, structural damage, loss of control, and personal injury.
Using the Safety Compliance Certification Label find the axle code number and the engine type for your vehicle.
Use the appropriate Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR) chart to find the Maximum GCWR for your type engine and rear axle ratio.
Subtract your Loaded Vehicle Weight from the Maximum GCWR found in the chart. This is the maximum trailer weight your vehicle can tow and must fall below the maximum shown under Trailer Weight on the chart.
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[DR33700(B )03/93]
thirty pica chart:0020159-C
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[DR33750(B )06/92]
ten pica chart:0020470-B
*[DR33780(B )06/94] [DR33800(B )04/94]
Automatic Transmissions
twenty-two pica chart:0020160-E
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*[DR33880(B )04/89] [DR33900(B )03/94]
twenty pica chart:0020161-D
Manual Transmissions
*[DR35500(BEF )02/91] *[DR35700(BEF )01/89]
*[DR35800(BEF )06/92]
Required equipment
Super Cooling is required with trailers over 2,000 lb (907 kg).
Super Cooling and Handling/Suspension Package or trailer towing package is required with trailers over 3,500 lb (1587 kg).
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*[DR36500( ALL)01/95] *[DR36550( ALL)01/95]
*[DR36600( ALL)01/93] *[DR36800(B F )12/91]
*[DR37000( ALL)12/92]
[DR37100(BE )03/93]
[DR37200(B )03/91]
Preparing to Tow
For your safety and for the good of your vehicle, use the right equipment for the type of trailer you tow. Also, make sure that all towing equipment is properly attached to your vehicle. If you are not certain that you are using the right equipment in the proper manner, see your Ford or Lincoln-Mercury dealer.
Hitches
Do not install a single or multi-clamp type bumper hitch, or a hitch which attaches to the axle. Underbody mounted hitches are acceptable if installed properly. Follow towing instructions of a reputable rental agency.
Whenever a trailer hitch and hardware are removed, make sure all mounting holes in the underbody are properly sealed to prevent noxious gases or water from entering.
Trailer Tow/Step bumper
The step bumper has a built-in hitch and only requires a ball with a one inch shank diameter. The step bumper has a limited Class III capability (4,000 lb/1814 kg trailer weight and 400 lb/180 kg tongue weight).
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*[DR37550(B F )03/91]
*[DR37575(B F )03/91]
*[DR37800( ALL)11/89] *[DR37900( ALL)12/92]
NOTE: The rated capacities (as shown in this
guide) for trailer towing with the factory bumper are only valid when the trailer hitch ball is installed directly into the ball hole in the bumper. Addition of bracketry to either lower the hitch ball position or extend the hitch ball rearward will significantly increase the loads on the bumper and its attachments. This can result in the failure of the bumper or the bumper attachments. Use of any type of hitch extensions should be considered abuse.
If it is necessary to relocate the trailer hitch ball position a frame mounted trailer hitch must be installed.
Safety Chains
Always use safety chains between your vehicle and trailer. Cross chains under the trailer tongue and allow slack for turning corners. Connect safety chains to the vehicle frame or hook retainers. Never attach chains to the bumper.
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*[DR38000( ALL)01/93] *[DR38100( ALL)03/95]
*[DR38200( ALL)05/95]
*[DR38300( ALL)01/93] *[DR38400( ALL)11/89]
[DR38417(B F )05/95]
*[DR38425(BEF )03/91]
[DR38429(B F )05/95]
[DR38431(B F )05/95]
[DR38433(B F )05/95]
Trailer Brakes Separate trailer brakes are required on most towed vehicles weighing over 1,500 lb (680 kg).
RWARNING
Do not connect a trailer’s hydraulic brake system directly to your vehicle’s brake system. Your vehicle may not have enough braking power and your chances of having a collision greatly increase.
Trailer Lamps Make sure your trailer lamps conform to Federal and local regulations. Your vehicle has been equipped for use with a 4-wire trailer tow electrical system (running lamps, right hand stop/turn, left hand stop/turn, and ground). Class I and Class II Trailer Tow electrical wiring provides two circuits (right hand and left hand) to operate trailer stop/turn tail lamps. Each stop/turn circuit will operate one combination stop/turn light bulb (# 1157, 3157, 2357, or 3357) on the trailer. Never add more than one trailer light bulb to one circuit. A wire harness (Ford part number F5TB-13A576-A) has been provided that connects to the frame wire harness at the rear of the vehicle and is compatible with most 4-wire trailer tow electrical systems. Always check trailer and vehicle functions (i.e., stop/turn signal, and running lights) before operating your vehicle and trailer. If your vehicle fails to function properly, do not operate your vehicle and trailer until corrections are made.
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*[DR38450( ALL)05/95]
*[DR38500( ALL)01/95] *[DR38520( ALL)05/95]
%*[DR38540( ALL)01/95]
*[DR38700( ALL)03/94]
*[DR38800( ALL)10/94]
[DR38810(B F )05/95]
[DR38811(B F )05/95]
RWARNING
Always replace a fuse with one that has the specified amperage rating. Using a fuse with a higher amperage rating can cause severe wire damage and could start a fire.
Driving while you tow
Be especially careful when driving while you tow a trailer. Never drive faster than 45 mph (70 km/h) when you tow in hilly country on hot days. Also, anticipate stops so that you can brake gradually.
If you use the speed control while you are towing on very long, steep grades, the speed control may shut off.
If your vehicle is equipped with an Electronic 4-Speed Automatic (E4OD or 4R70W) transmission, operate in Overdrive. Refer to the automatic transmission operation earlier in this chapter.
When descending a steep grade with a trailer, operate in Drive rather than Overdrive. If additional braking is needed, shift the automatic transmission gearshift into 2 (Second) gear or 1
(Low).If your vehicle is equipped with a manual 5-speed transmission, operate in 4th gear. Overdrive (5th) gear should not be used when towing.
If additional braking is needed when descending a steep grade with a trailer, downshift the transmission into 3rd gear.
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*[DR38925( ALL)01/95] *[DR38950( ALL)08/93]
*[DR39000( ALL)01/93] *[DR39100( ALL)11/89]
*[DR39200( ALL)05/90]
*[DR39300( ALL)11/89]
*[DR39400( ALL)11/89]
*[DR39500( ALL)05/95]
Servicing your vehicle if you tow
If you tow a trailer for a long distance, your vehicle will need to be serviced more frequently than usual. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule and Record booklet for additional information. Trailer towing tips
Before starting on a trip, practice turning, stopping and backing in an area away from heavy traffic. Get to know the “feel” of the vehicle/trailer combination.
Practice backing up. Back up very slowly, with someone outside at the rear of your trailer to guide you. Place your hand at the bottom of the steering wheel and move it in the direction you want the rear of the trailer to swing. Slight movement of the steering wheel results in a much larger movement of the rear of the trailer.
Allow more room for stopping with a trailer attached. Trailer brakes should be applied first, whether manually or automatically controlled, when approaching a stop.
For a good handling truck-trailer combination, the trailer tongue load should be approximately 10-15% of the loaded trailer weight.
Make a thorough check of your equipment before starting out on the road. After you have traveled about 50 miles (80 km) stop in a protected area and double-check your hitch and electrical connections. Also check trailer wheel lug nuts for tightness.
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*[DR39600( ALL)11/89]
*[DR39725(B F )03/95]
*[DR39900( ALL)05/90]
*[DR40000( ALL)11/89] *[DR40100( ALL)11/89]
*[DR40200( ALL)11/89]
*[DR40300(B F )03/91]
*[DR40400(B F )08/94]
When turning, drive slightly beyond the normal turning point so the trailer wheels will clear curbs or other obstructions.
When stopped in traffic for long periods of time in hot weather, place the gearshift selector lever in P (Park) to increase the engine idle speed. This aids in engine cooling and air conditioner efficiency. If the engine overheats, move the function selector knob to VENT to stop the compressor and increase the engine speed for a short time.
Vehicles with trailers should not be parked on a grade. However, if you must park on a grade, place wheel chocks under the trailer’s wheels as follows: q Apply the foot service brakes and hold. q Have another person place the wheel chocks
under the trailer wheels.
q With the chocks in place, release the foot service brakes, making sure the chocks are holding.
For automatic transmissions — apply the parking brake by pressing the service brake pedal down firmly with your right foot while applying the parking brake pedal with your left foot.
For manual transmissions — apply the service brake and shift into N (NEUTRAL) while still maintaining pressure on the service brake pedal. Set the parking brake fully.
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*[DR40500(B F )12/91]
*[DR40600( ALL)01/93] *[DR40700( ALL)11/89] *[DR40800( ALL)11/89] *[DR40900( ALL)11/89] *[DR41000( ALL)11/89] *[DR41100( ALL)11/89]
*[DR41260(B F )02/92] *[DR41275(B )01/93]
Shift an automatic transmission into Park (P). Put the gearshift of a manual transmission in Reverse. If your vehicle is equipped with four-wheel drive make sure the transfer case is not in Neutral.
To start, after being parked on a grade: q Apply the foot service brakes and hold
Start the engine Shift transmission into gear and release the parking brake
q Release the foot service brakes and move the
vehicle uphill to free the wheel chocks
q Apply the foot service brakes and hold while
another person retrieves the chocks.
Snowplowing
RWARNING
Do not use this vehicle for snowplowing.
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%*[RE00400( ALL)03/95] *[RE00500( ALL)01/95]
*[RE00600( ALL)02/95]
*[RE00700( ALL)02/95]
%*[RE00800( ALL)05/95]
%*[RE00900( ALL)05/95]
Roadside Emergencies
Jump-Starting Your Vehicle Your vehicle’s battery may die if you leave the lights on or any electrical equipment on after you turn the engine off. If this happens, you may be able to jump-start from a booster battery to start your vehicle.
RWARNING
The gases around the battery can explode if exposed to flames, sparks, or lit cigarettes. An explosion could result in injury or vehicle damage.
RWARNING
To protect yourself when charging a battery, always shield your face and eyes. Make sure that you can breathe fresh air.
RWARNING
Applying too much pressure on the ends when lifting a battery could cause acid to spill. Lift the battery with a carrier or with your hands on the opposite corners.
RWARNING
Batteries contain sulfuric acid which burns skin, eyes, and clothing.
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*[RE00925( ALL)05/95]
*[RE00950( ALL)12/89]
*[RE01000( ALL)03/95]
*[RE01100( ALL)03/95] *[RE01200( ALL)03/95]
*[RE01300( ALL)03/95]
*[RE01400( ALL)04/95]
If the acid touches someone’s skin, eyes, or clothing, immediately flush the area with water for at least 15 minutes. If someone swallows the acid, have him or her drink lots of milk or water first, then Milk of Magnesia, a beaten egg, or vegetable oil. Call a doctor immediately.
RWARNING
Do not push-start your vehicle. You could damage the catalytic converter. For further information, see Jumper Cables in the Index.
To avoid damaging your vehicle or your battery, and to avoid injury to yourself, follow these directions for preparing your vehicle to jump-start and connecting the jumper cables in the order they are given. If in doubt, call for road service. Preparing Your Vehicle
1. Your vehicle has a 12-volt starting system, so
you need to use a 12-volt jumper system. You will damage your starting motor, ignition system, and other electrical parts if you connect them to a 24-volt power supply (either two 12-volt batteries in series or a 24-volt generator set).
2. Do not disconnect the battery of the disabled
vehicle. You could damage the vehicle’s electrical system.
3. Park the booster vehicle close to the hood of the disabled vehicle. Make sure the vehicles do not touch each other. Set the parking brake on both vehicles and stay clear of the engine cooling fan and other moving parts.
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*[RE01500( ALL)03/95]
*[RE01600( ALL)02/95]
%*[RE01700( ALL)05/95] *[RE01800( ALL)03/95]
*[RE01900( ALL)04/95]
*[RE02000( ALL)05/95]
*[RE02100( ALL)04/95]
*[RE02200( ALL)05/95]
4. Check all battery terminals and remove any
excessive corrosion before you attach the jumper cables.
5. Turn on the heater fan in both vehicles.
Turning on the fan helps protect the electrical system from voltage surges. Turn off all other switches and lights in both vehicles to prevent possible damage to either vehicle’s electrical systems.
Connecting the jumper cables
1. Connect one end of the first jumper cable to
the positive (+) terminal of the discharged battery. (You can connect either jumper cable to the positive (+) terminal, as long as you use the same cable for both positive terminals.) Most jumper cables have a red cable and a black cable. The red cable is generally used for the positive terminals and the black for the negative ones.
2. Connect the other end of the first cable to
the positive (+) terminal of the booster battery.
3. Connect one end of the second cable to the negative (-) terminal of the booster battery — NOT to the discharged battery.
4. Connect the other end of the second cable to
a good metallic surface on the engine or frame of the disabled vehicle.
RWARNING
Do not connect the end of the second cable to the negative (-) terminal of the battery to be jumped. A spark may cause an explosion of the gases that surround the battery.
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*[RE02300( ALL)06/93]
one third page art:0020262-C
*[RE02500( ALL)03/95] *[RE02600( ALL)03/95]
*[RE02700( ALL)03/95]
*[RE02800( ALL)03/95]
%*[RE02900( ALL)03/95] *[RE03000( ALL)03/95]
*[RE03100( ALL)05/95] *[RE03200( ALL)03/95]
Attaching jumper cables Jump-Starting 1. Make sure that the jumper cables are not in the way of moving engine parts, then start the booster vehicle. Run the engine at a moderate speed.
2. Let the discharged battery charge for a few minutes and then start the disabled vehicle. It may take a couple of tries before the vehicle starts. If the vehicle does not start after several attempts, there may be a different problem.
3. When both vehicles are running, let them
idle for a few minutes to charge the discharged battery.
Removing jumper cables 1. Always remove the jumper cables in the
reverse order. Remove the negative (Ҁ) end of the jumper cable from the metallic surface on the engine or frame of the disabled vehicle.
2. Remove the negative (Ҁ) cable from the
booster battery.
3. Remove the positive (+) cable from the
booster battery.
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*[RE03400( ALL)05/95]
*[RE03500( ALL)04/95]
*[RE03550( ALL)03/95]
%*[RE03600( ALL)03/95] *[RE03700( ALL)01/95]
*[RE03800( ALL)03/95] *[RE03900(BEF )01/95]
*[RE04275(BEF )05/95]
*[RE04280(BEF )10/94]
4. Remove the other end of the positive (+)
cable from the discharged battery.
After the vehicle is started, let it idle for a while to let the engine “relearn” its idle conditions. Drive it around for a while with all electrical accessories turned off to let the battery recharge. You may need to use a battery charger to fully recharge the battery.
If you need to replace your battery, see Battery in the Servicing Your Vehicle chapter. Changing a Tire If you get a flat tire while you are driving, do not apply the brake heavily. Instead, gradually decrease the speed. Hold the steering wheel firmly and slowly move to a safe place on the side of the road. Park on a level spot, turn off the ignition, set the parking brake, and turn on the hazard flashers. The Conventional Spare Tire
If you have the conventional spare tire, you can use it as a spare or as a regular tire. This spare tire is identical to the other tires that come with your vehicle, although the wheel may not match.
RWARNING
To avoid injury, never run the engine with one wheel off the ground, such as when changing a tire.
Extended use of other than matching size spare tires on a Traction-Lok axle could result in a permanent reduction in effectiveness. This loss of effectiveness does not affect normal driving and should not be noticeable to the driver.
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*[RE05100(BEF )03/95] [RE07700(B )05/90]
[RE07800(B )02/89]
one third page art:0020271-A
Spare Tire Location The spare tire for your Bronco is mounted inside on a carrier at the right rear quarter panel unless you have an optional outside mounted spare tire. To remove the spare tire, remove the wing nut and plate. If so equipped, use a door key to unlock the lock assembly and remove the plate. To stow the spare tire, place the wheel on the bolt and tighten the plate and wing nut, or lock assembly, if so equipped.
[RE08100(B )05/90]
Inside spare tire assembly
one third page art:0020322-C
[RE08300(B )01/89]
Spare tire mount The optional outside mounted spare tire is mounted on a swing-away carrier that hinges on the outside right rear corner of the truck.
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quarter page art:0020275-A
[RE08500(B )05/90]
[RE08600(B )01/89]
[RE08700(B )01/89]
[RE08800(B )01/89]
[RE08900(B )05/89]
[RE09000(B )01/89]
[RE09100(B )01/89]
[RE09200(B )01/89]
[RE09300(B )02/89]
To remove the outside mounted spare tire:
Removal and installation of spare tire cover
1. Lift the edge of the spare tire cover behind the top of the tire and slide the cover over the tire and downward.
2. Remove the security lock, retaining nut and
mounting plate.
3. Slide the tire outward and lift off the carrier.
If you have difficulty removing the retaining nut, turn the nut counterclockwise by using the tapered end of the lug nut wrench in one of the slots at either end of the retaining nut.
To stow the outside mounted spare tire:
1. Place the spare tire on the carrier over the
bolt, styled side in.
2. Place the plate on the bolt and tighten the
retaining nut securely.
3.
Install security lock.
4. Position the cover over the edge of the tire
with the drainage eyelet at the bottom. Slide the cover upward, wrapping it around the edge of the tire until the cover is completely fitted.
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[RE09400(B )05/90]
[RE09500(B )05/91]
one third page art:0020273-C
*[RE15100(BEF )05/95]
%*[RE15200( ALL)03/95] *[RE15250( ALL)12/91]
*[RE15300(B F )03/91]
*[RE15335(B F )12/91]
NOTE: If your truck has optional aluminum
wheels, you should slip the anti-scratch spacer over the “J” bolt between the tire and carrier to prevent scratching the aluminum styled-side surface.
Optional outside mounted spare tire and carrier
RWARNING
Make sure the spare tire and jacking equipment are stowed and secured in the proper storage location.
Preparing to Change the Tire NOTE: To lift your vehicle by other than the front or rear jacking points, be sure to use only hoist adapters with a wide contact surface.
1. Make sure that your vehicle will not move
or roll. If you have an automatic transmission, put the gearshift in Park. If you have a manual transmission, put the gearshift in Reverse. Set the parking brake and block the wheel that is diagonally opposite the tire that you are changing.
NOTE: Make sure the ignition is in the OFF
position.
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*[RE15350(B F )06/94]
*[RE15375(B F )05/95]
*[RE15400(B F )05/95]
[RE15435(B F )05/95]
*[RE15440(B F )05/95]
*[RE15550(BEF )05/95] *[RE15800(B F )10/92]
If you have a four-wheel drive vehicles with manual locking hubs, put transfer case lever in 2H, 4H, or 4L.
When one of the back wheels is off the ground, the transmission alone will not prevent the vehicle from moving or slipping off the jack, even if the vehicle is in P (Park) or 1 (First). To prevent the vehicle from moving when you change a tire, be sure the parking brake is set, then block the wheel (both directions) that is diagonally opposite (other side and end of the vehicle) to the tire that is being changed.
RWARNING
If the vehicle slips off the jack, you or someone else could be seriously injured.
When the transfer case is in the N (Neutral) position, the engine and transmission are disconnected from the rest of the driveline. Therefore, the vehicle is free to roll even if the automatic transmission is in P (Park) or the manual transmission is in gear.
RWARNING
Do not leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the N (Neutral) position. Always set the parking brake fully and turn off the ignition when leaving the vehicle.
2. Get out the spare tire and jack.
The jack and lug wrench are stowed under the hood on the right front fender inner panel, and the jack handle is on the radiator support.
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