2004 Dodge Dakota Owners Manual

mission cannot be started this way. Unburned fuel could enter the catalytic converter and once the engine has started, ignite and damage the converter and vehicle. If the vehicle has a discharged battery, booster cables may be used to obtain a start from a booster battery or the battery in another vehicle. This type of start can be dangerous if done improperly. See section 6 of this manual for the proper jump starting procedures and follow them carefully.

Normal Starting Normal starting of either a warm or cold engine is obtained without pumping or depressing the accelerator pedal. Turn the key to the START position and release when the engine starts. If the engine fails to start within 10 seconds, turn the key to the OFF position, wait 5
seconds, then repeat the starting procedure.

If Engine Fails To Start If the engine fails to start after you have followed the Normal Starting procedure, it may be flooded. Push the accelerator pedal all the way to the floor and hold it there while cranking the engine. This should clear any excess fuel in case the engine is flooded.

CAUTION!

To prevent damage to the starter, do not crank the engine for more than 15 seconds at a time. Wait 10 to 15 seconds before trying again.

If the engine has been flooded, it may start to run, but not have enough power to continue running when the key is released. If this occurs, continue cranking with the accel- erator pedal pushed all the way to the floor. Release the accelerator pedal and the key once the engine is running smoothly.

STARTING AND OPERATING 145

If the engine shows no sign of starting after two 15
second periods of cranking with the accelerator pedal held to the floor, the Normal Starting procedure should be repeated.

WARNING!

Never pour fuel or other flammable liquid into the throttle body air inlet opening in an attempt to start the vehicle. This could result in flash fire causing serious personal injury.

After Starting The idle speed is automatically controlled on fuel injected engines and will decrease as the engine warms up.

146 STARTING AND OPERATING

CAUTION!

WARNING!

Long periods of engine idling can cause excessive exhaust temperatures which can damage your ve- hicle. Do not leave your vehicle unattended with the engine running.

Remember to disconnect the cord before driving. Damage to the 110-115 volt electrical cord could cause electrocution.

WARNING!

Do not leave children or animals inside parked vehicles in hot weather. Interior heat build up may cause serious injury or death.

Engine Block Heater — If Equipped The engine block heater warms engine coolant and permits quicker starts in cold weather. Connect the cord to a standard 110-115 volt AC electrical outlet with a grounded, three wire extension cord. The engine block heater cord is located at the right front of the engine compartment for all engine applications.

SHIFTING

Automatic Transmission The gear shift lever is mounted on the right side of the steering column. To engage a gear for driving, move the shift lever from P-Park or N-Neutral to the desired gear range (R-Reverse, D-Drive, 2–Second, or 1–First). To move the shift lever, pull it toward you, then release it when the desired gear range is reached. The Transmis- sion Range Indicator (labeled “Gear Selector”) in the instrument cluster shows the selected gear range. The Indicator is illuminated for night driving. Brake/Transmission Interlock System This system prevents you from moving the gear shift out of Park and into any gear unless the brake pedal is pressed. This system is active only while the ignition

switch is in the ON position. Always depress the brake pedal first, before moving the gear selector out of PARK. Gear Ranges DO NOT race the engine when shifting from Park or Neutral position into another gear range. “P” Park This position supplements parking brake by locking the transmission. The engine can be started in this range. Never use Park while the vehicle is in motion. Apply the parking brake when leaving vehicle in this range. Always apply the parking brake first, then place the selector in the Park position.

WARNING!

Your vehicle could move and injure you and others if it is not completely in P (Park). Check by trying to move the gearshift lever back and forth without first pulling the lever toward you, after you have set it in P. Make sure it is in Park before leaving the vehicle.

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WARNING!

Never use Park position on an automatic transmis- sion as a substitute for the parking brake. Always apply parking brake fully when parked to guard against vehicle movement and possible injury or damage.

WARNING!

It is dangerous to shift the selector lever out of “P” or “N” if the engine speed is higher than idle speed. If your foot is not firmly on the brake pedal, the vehicle could accelerate quickly forward or in re- verse. You could lose control of the vehicle and hit someone or something. Only shift into gear when the engine is idling normally and when your right foot is firmly on the brake pedal.

“R” Reverse Use this range only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop.

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“N” Neutral Shift to Neutral when vehicle is standing for prolonged periods with engine running. Engine may be started in this range. Set the parking brake if you must leave the vehicle. “D” Drive Use this position for most city and highway driving. “2” Second Use this position for driving slowly in heavy city traffic or on mountain roads where more precise speed control is desirable. Use it also when climbing long grades, and for engine braking when descending moderately steep grades. To prevent excessive engine speed do not exceed 45 mph (72 km/h) in this range. “1” First Use this position for driving up very steep hills and for engine braking at low speeds 25 mph (40 km/h ) or less when going down hill. To prevent excessive engine speed do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h) in this range.

Overdrive The transmission contains a fourth and fifth (if equipped) speed (Overdrive) and will automatically shift from Drive to Overdrive if the following conditions are present: † The transmission selector is in Drive. † Engine coolant has reached normal operating tem- † Vehicle speed is above approximately 30 mph (48
† The “O/D OFF” button has not been activated. † Transmission has reached normal operating tempera-

perature.

km/h).

ture.

Overdrive can be locked out by pressing the O/D Off button located at the end of the transmission gear shift lever. A light in the instrument cluster shows that the feature has been deactivated. Pressing the button a second time restores the Overdrive function.

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If the transmission temperature gets extremely hot, the transmission will automatically select the most desir- able gear for operation at this temperature. If the transmission temperature becomes hot enough the O/D OFF and/or TRANS TEMP light(s) may illumi- nate and the transmission may downshift out of Overdrive until the transmission cools down. After cooldown, the transmission will resume normal op- eration. When To Lock Out Overdrive When driving in hilly areas, towing a trailer, carrying a heavy load, or whenever frequent transmission shifting occurs, press the “O/D OFF” button. This will improve performance and reduce the potential for transmission overheating or failure due to excessive shifting. Torque Converter Clutch A feature designed to improve fuel economy is included in all automatic transmissions. A clutch within the torque converter engages automatically at a calibrated speed at light throttle. It engages at higher speeds under heavier acceleration. This may result in a slightly different feeling or response during normal operation in high gear. When

The “O/D OFF” feature must be selected, if desired, each time the engine is started. If the vehicle is started in extremely cold NOTE: temperatures, the transmission may not shift into Over- drive and will automatically select the most desirable gear for operation at this temperature. Normal operation will resume when the transmission fluid temperature has risen to a suitable level. Refer also to the Note under torque converter clutch, later in this section.

150 STARTING AND OPERATING

the

the vehicle speed drops below a calibrated speed, or during acceleration, clutch automatically and smoothly disengages. The feature is operational in Over- drive and in Drive. NOTE: The torque converter clutch will not engage until the transmission fluid and engine coolant are warm [usually after 1-3 miles (1.6 - 4.8 km) of driving]. Because the engine speed is higher when the torque converter clutch is not engaged, it may seem as if the transmission is not shifting into Overdrive when cold. This is normal. Pressing the O/D OFF button, when the transmission is sufficiently warm, will demonstrate that the transmission is able to shift into and out of overdrive. If the vehicle has not been driven in several NOTE: days, the first few seconds of operation after shifting the transmission into gear may seem sluggish. This is due to the fluid partially draining from the torque converter into the transmission. This condition is normal and will not cause damage to the transmission. The torque converter will refill within five seconds of shifting from Park into any other gear position.

Manual Transmission

NOTE: The parking brake should be engaged before leaving the vehicle, especially on an incline.

Use each gear in numerical order - do not skip a gear. Be sure the transmission is in FIRST gear— not THIRD, when starting from a standing position; other- wise damage to the clutch can result from starting in THIRD.

For most city driving you will find it easier to use only the lower gears. For steady highway driving with light accelerations, 5th gear is recommended. To shift into 5th gear, move the shift lever to the right beyond the spring pressure point and push it forward. When shifting from 5th to 4th gear, pull the lever down toward you in one motion. Do not pull the lever sharply left as you may shift accidentally into 2nd gear and damage the trans- mission or engine.

To shift into Reverse, come to a complete stop. Depress the clutch and pause briefly to allow the gear train to spin down. Move the shift lever from the Neutral position straight across and back into Reverse. Never drive with your foot resting on the clutch pedal. Do not attempt to hold the vehicle on a hill with the clutch pedal partially engaged, as this will cause abnor- mal wear on the clutch. Recommended Shift Speeds To use your manual transmission for fuel economy it should be upshifted as listed below. Shift at the vehicle speeds listed for acceleration and cruise conditions (rela- tively steady speeds).

Recommended Manual Transmission Shift Speeds in

Engine Model 3.7L/ 4.7L

All

MPH (KM/H) 1 to 2
2 to 3

3 to 4

4 to 5

15 (24)

25 (40)

40 (64)

45 (72)

Higher upshift speeds may be used to obtain a desired acceleration rate.

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Downshifting Moving from a high gear down to the lower gears in descending numerical order is recommended to preserve brakes when driving down steep hills. In addition, downshifting at the right time provides better accelera- tion when you want to resume speed. For acceleration initiated at speeds less than 20 mph (30 km/h), second gear is recommended.

FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE OPERATION

NV 233 Transfer Case Operating Information/Precautions The NV233 is an electric shift transfer case and is operated by the 4WD Control Switch (Transfer Case Switch), which is located on the instrument panel. The NV233 transfer case provides 4 mode positions: 2
(rear) wheel drive high range, 4 wheel drive high range, 4 wheel drive low range, and neutral. The NV233 transfer case is designed to be driven in the 2
wheel drive position (2WD) for normal street and high- way conditions (dry hard surfaced roads).

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When additional traction is required, the transfer case 4HI and 4LO positions can be used to lock the front and rear driveshafts together and force the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. This is accomplished by rotating the 4WD Control Switch to the desired position - see Shifting Procedure section for specific shifting instructions. The 4HI and 4LO positions are designed for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Driving in the 4HI and 4LO positions on dry hard surfaced roads may cause increased tire wear and damage to the driv- eline components. The transfer case Neutral (N) position is selected by depressing the recessed button located on the lower left hand corner of the 4WD Control Switch. NOTE: The transfer case Neutral (N) position is to be used for recreational towing only. See Recreational Tow- ing section for specific procedures on shifting into and out of Neutral (N). Transfer Case Position Indicator Lights Transfer case position indicator lights are located on the Four-Wheel-Drive Control Switch, found on your instru- ment panel, and indicate the current and desired transfer

case selection. When you select a different transfer case position, the indicator lights will do the following: If All Shift Requirements are Met 1. The current position indicator light will turn OFF. 2. The selected position indicator light will flash until the transfer case completes the shift. 3. When the shift is complete, the indicator light for the selected position will stop flashing and remain ON. If One or More Shift Requirements are not Met 1. The indicator light for the current position will remain ON. 2. The newly selected position indicator light will flash. 3. The transfer case will not shift. NOTE: Before retrying a selection, make certain that all the necessary requirements for selecting a new transfer case position have been met. To retry the selection, turn the control knob back to the current position, wait five (5)

seconds, and retry selection. To find the shift require- ments, refer to the 9Shifting Procedure9 for your transfer case, located in this section of the owner’s manual. The “SERVICE 4WD” warning light monitors the electric shift 4WD system. If this light remains on after engine start up or illuminates during driving, it means that the 4WD system is not functioning properly and that service is required.

WARNING!

Always engage the parking brake when powering down the vehicle if the (Service 4WD( light is illuminated. Not engaging the parking brake may allow the vehicle to roll which may cause personal injury.

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NOTE: Do not attempt to make a shift while only the front or rear wheels are spinning. The NV233 transfer case is not equipped with a synchronizer and therefore the front and rear driveshaft speeds must be equal for the shift to take place. Shifting while only the front or rear wheels are spinning can cause damage to the transfer case. When operating your vehicle in 4LO, the engine speed is approximately three times that of the 2WD or 4HI positions at a given road speed. Take care not to over- speed the engine and do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Proper operation of 4 wheel drive vehicles depends on tires of equal size, type and circumference on each wheel. Any difference in tire size can cause damage to the transfer case. Because 4 wheel drive provides improved traction, there is a tendency to exceed safe turning and stopping speeds. Do not go faster than road conditions permit.

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WARNING!

You or others could be injured if you leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the Neutral (N) position without first fully engaging the parking brake. The transfer case Neutral (N) position disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain and will allow the vehicle to move regardless of the transmission position. The parking brake should always be applied when the driver is not in the vehicle.

For additional information on the appropriate use of each transfer case mode position see the information below: 2WD Rear Wheel Drive High Range - Normal street and highway driving. Dry hard surfaced roads.

4HI 4 Wheel Drive High Range - Locks the front and rear driveshafts together. Forces the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. Additional traction for loose, slippery road surfaces only. 4LO 4 Wheel Drive Low Range - Low speed 4 wheel drive. Locks the front and rear driveshafts together. Forces the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. Additional traction and maximum pulling power for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Neutral - Disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain. To be used for flat towing behind another vehicle. See Recreational Towing for more infor- mation.

Shifting Procedure - NV233 Transfer Case

If any of the requirements to select a new NOTE: transfer case position have not been met, the transfer case will not shift.The indicator light for the previous position will remain ON and the newly selected position indicator light will continue to flash until all the requirements for the selected position have been met. To retry a shift: return the control knob back to the original position, make certain all shift requirements have been met, wait five (5) seconds and try the shift again.

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2WD to 4HI or 4HI to 2WD Rotate the 4WD Control Switch to the desired position. Shifts between 2WD and 4HI can be done with the vehicle stopped or in motion. With the vehicle in motion, the transfer case will engage / disengage faster if you momentarily release the accelerator pedal after turning the control switch. If the vehicle is stopped, the ignition key must be in the ON position with the engine either RUNNING or OFF. This shift cannot be completed if the key is in the accessory position. NOTE: On vehicles equipped with Anti-Lock Brake Systems, the 4x4 system will not allow shifts between 2WD/ 4HI if the rear wheels are spinning (no traction). In this situation the selected position indicator light will flash and the original position indicator light will remain ON. At this time, reduce speed and stop spinning the wheels to complete the shift. There may be a delay up to 10 seconds for the shift to complete after the wheels have stopped spinning.

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4HI to 4LO or 4LO to 4HI NOTE: When shifting into or out of 4LO some gear noise may be heard. This noise is normal and is not detrimental to the vehicle or occupants. Shifting can be performed with the vehicle rolling 2-3
mph (3-5 km/h) or completely stopped. USE EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES: Preferred Procedure 1. With engine RUNNING, slow vehicle to 2-3 mph (3-5
km/h). 2. Shift the transmission into NEUTRAL (depress clutch on manual transmissions). 3. While still rolling, rotate the transfer case control switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is ON (not flashing), shift transmission back into gear (release clutch on manual transmissions).

Alternate Procedure 1. Bring the vehicle to complete stop. 2. With the key ON and the engine either OFF or RUNNING, shift the transmission into NEUTRAL (de- press clutch on manual transmissions). 3. Rotate the transfer case control switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is ON (not flashing), shift transmission back into gear (release clutch on manual transmissions). If steps 1 or 2 of either the Preferred or Alternate NOTE: Procedure are not satisfied prior to attempting the shift or if they no longer are being met while the shift attempt is in process then the desired position indicator light will flash continuously while the original position indicator light is ON, until all requirements have been met. NOTE: The ignition key must be ON for a shift to take place and for the position indicator lights to be operable. If the key is not ON then the shift will not take place and no position indicator lights will be on or flashing.

NV244 Transfer Case Operating Information / Precautions The NV244 is an electric shift transfer case and is operated by the 4WD Control Switch, which is located on the instrument panel. The NV244 transfer case provides 4 mode positions - Normal all wheel drive high range, 4 wheel drive high range, 4 wheel drive low range, and neutral. This transfer case is equipped with an inter-axle differ- ential that allows driving the vehicle in the normal all wheel drive position (AWD) at all times on any given road surface, including dry hard surfaced roads. The AWD mode allows the front and rear wheels to rotate at different speeds. This eliminates driveline binding and component wear normally associated with driving the vehicle in the 4HI position on dry hard surfaced roads. This feature provides the safety, security, and conve- nience of operating in all wheel drive at all times regardless of road conditions.

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When additional traction is required, the 4HI and 4LO positions can be used to lock the front and rear drive- shafts together through the transfer case inter-axle differ- ential and force the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. This is accomplished by rotating the 4WD Control Switch to these positions. The 4HI and 4LO positions are intended for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Driving in the 4HI and 4LO positions on dry hard surfaced roads may cause increased tire wear and dam- age to the driveline components. The transfer case Neutral (N) position is selected by depressing the recessed button located on the lower left hand corner of the 4WD Control Switch. NOTE: The transfer case Neutral (N) position is to be used for recreational towing only. (See Recreational Tow- ing section for specific procedures on shifting into and out of Neutral (N). Transfer Case Position Indicator Lights Transfer case position indicator lights are located on the Four-Wheel-Drive Control Switch, found on your instru- ment panel, and indicate the current and desired transfer

158 STARTING AND OPERATING

case selection. When you select a different transfer case position, the indicator lights will do the following: If All Shift Requirements are Met 1. The current position indicator light will turn OFF. 2. The selected position indicator light will flash until the transfer case completes the shift. 3. When the shift is complete, the indicator light for the selected position will stop flashing and remain ON. If One or More Shift Requirements are not Met 1. The indicator light for the current position will remain ON. 2. The newly selected position indicator light will flash. 3. The transfer case will not shift. NOTE: Before retrying a selection, make certain that all the necessary requirements for selecting a new transfer case position have been met. To retry the selection, turn the control knob back to the current position, wait five (5)

seconds, and retry selection. To find the shift require- ments, refer to the 9Shifting Procedure9 for your transfer case, located in this section of the owner’s manual. The SERVICE 4WD warning light monitors the electric shift 4WD system. If this light remains on after engine start up or illuminates during driving, it means that the 4WD system is not functioning properly and that service is required.

WARNING!

Always engage the parking brake when powering down the vehicle if the (Service 4WD( light is illuminated. Not engaging the parking brake may allow the vehicle to roll which may cause personal injury.

NOTE: Do not attempt to make a shift while only the front or rear wheels are spinning. The NV244 transfer case is not equipped with a synchronizer and therefore the front and rear driveshaft speeds must be equal for the

shift to take place. Shifting while only the front or rear wheels are spinning can cause damage to the transfer case. When operating your vehicle in 4LO, the engine speed is approximately three times that of the AWD or 4HI positions at a given road speed. Take care not to over- speed the engine and do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Proper operation of 4 wheel drive vehicles depends on tires of equal size, type and circumference on each wheel. Any difference in tire size can cause damage to the transfer case. Because 4 wheel drive provides improved traction, there is a tendency to exceed safe turning and stopping speeds. Do not go faster than road conditions permit.

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WARNING!

You or others could be injured if you leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the Neutral (N) position without first fully engaging the parking brake. The transfer case Neutral (N) position disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain and will allow the vehicle to move regardless of the transmission position. The parking brake should always be applied when the driver is not in the vehicle.

For additional information on the appropriate use of each transfer case mode position see the information below: AWD Normal All Wheel Drive High Range - Employs inter- axle differential. Allows front and rear wheels to rotate at different speeds. All road surfaces.

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4HI 4 Wheel Drive High Range - Locks the transfer case inter-axle differential. Forces front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. Additional traction for loose, slippery road surfaces only. 4LO 4 Wheel Drive Low Range - Low speed 4 wheel drive. Locks the transfer case inter-axle differential. Forces the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. Additional traction and maximum pulling power for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Neutral - Disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain. To be used for flat towing behind another vehicle. See Recreational Towing for more infor- mation.

Shifting Procedure - NV244 Transfer Case

If any of the requirements to select a new NOTE: transfer case position have not been met, the transfer case will not shift.The indicator light for the previous position will remain ON and the newly selected position indicator light will continue to flash until all the requirements for the selected position have been met. To retry a shift: return the control knob back to the original position, make certain all shift requirements have been met, wait five (5) seconds and try the shift again.

AWD to 4HI or 4HI to AWD Rotate the 4WD Control Switch to the desired position. Shifts between AWD and 4HI can be done with the vehicle stopped or in motion. With the vehicle in motion, the transfer case will engage / disengage faster if you momentarily release the accelerator pedal after turning the control switch. If the vehicle is stopped the ignition key must be in the ON position with the engine either RUNNING or OFF. This shift cannot be completed if the key is in the accessory position. NOTE: On vehicles equipped with a Anti-Lock Brake Systems, the 4x4 system will not allow shifts between AWD/ 4HI if the rear wheels are spinning (no traction). In this situation the selected position indicator light will flash and the original position indicator light will remain ON. At this time, reduce speed and stop spinning the wheels to complete the shift. There may be a delay up to 10 seconds for the shift to complete after the wheels have stopped spinning. NOTE: Delayed shifting out of the 4HI position may be experienced due to uneven tire wear, low tire pressure, or excessive loading.

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4HI to 4LO or 4LO to 4HI NOTE: When shifting into or out of 4LO some gear noise may be heard. This noise is normal and is not detrimental to the vehicle or occupants. Shifting can be performed with the vehicle rolling 2-3
mph (3-5 km/h) or completely stopped. USE EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES: Preferred Procedure 1. With engine RUNNING, slow vehicle to 2-3 mph (3-5
km/h). 2. Shift the transmission into NEUTRAL (depress clutch on manual transmissions). 3. Ensure ignition key is in the ON position with the engine either RUNNING or OFF. While still rolling, rotate the transfer case control switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is ON (not flashing), shift transmission back into gear (release clutch on manual transmissions).

162 STARTING AND OPERATING

Alternate Procedure 1. Bring the vehicle to complete stop. 2. With the key ON and the engine either OFF or RUNNING, shift the transmission into NEUTRAL (de- press clutch on manual transmissions). 3. Rotate the transfer case control switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is ON (not flashing), shift transmission back into gear (release clutch on manual transmissions). If steps 1 or 2 of either the Preferred or Alternate NOTE: Procedure are not satisfied prior to attempting the shift or if they no longer are being met while the shift attempt is in process, then the desired position indicator light will flash continuously while the original position indicator light is ON, until all requirements have been met. NOTE: The ignition key must be ON for a shift to take place and for the position indicator lights to be operable. If the key is not ON then the shift will not take place and no position indicator lights will be on or flashing.

LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL — IF EQUIPPED The limited-slip differential provides additional traction on snow, ice, mud, sand and gravel. It improves traction when there is a difference between the characteristics of the surface under the right and left rear wheels. During normal driving and cornering, the limited-slip unit is similar to a conventional differential. But on a slippery surface, the differential delivers more of the driving effort to the wheel having the better traction.

WARNING!

On vehicles equipped with a limited-slip differen- tial, never run the engine with one rear wheel off the ground. The vehicle may drive through the rear wheel remaining on the ground and cause you to lose control of the vehicle.

Care should be taken to avoid sudden accelerations when both rear wheels are on a slippery surface. This could cause both rear wheels to spin, and allow the vehicle to slide sideways on the crowned surface of a road or in a turn.

PARKING BRAKE The parking brake should be applied whenever the driver is not in the vehicle. The foot operated parking brake is positioned below the lower left corner of the instrument panel.

To apply the parking brake: Place your foot on the parking brake pedal and push firmly downward as far as the pedal will go. When the parking brake is applied and the ignition is ON, the BRAKE light in the instrument cluster will light.

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NOTE: The BRAKE light in the instrument cluster indicates only that the parking brake is applied—it does not indicate the degree of application. To release the parking brake: Pull the parking brake release handle towards you. The BRAKE light in the instrument cluster will go out when the parking brake is disengaged. To park on a hill: You must make sure that the parking brake is fully applied and the gear shift lever is in PARK (for an automatic transmission) or in REVERSE or FIRST (for a manual transmission). You should apply the park- ing brake before shifting to PARK; otherwise, the load on the transmission locking mechanism may make it diffi- cult to move the shift lever out of the Park position. When parking on a hill, turn the front wheels: † Toward the curb on a downhill grade. † Away from the curb on an uphill grade.

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WARNING!

† Always fully apply the parking brake when leav- ing your vehicle, or vehicle may roll and cause damage or injury. Also be certain to leave an automatic transmission in Park, a manual trans- mission in Reverse or first gear. Failure to do so may cause the vehicle to roll and cause damage or injury. † Be sure the parking brake is fully disengaged before driving. Failure to do so can lead to brake failure and an accident. † Leaving children in a vehicle unattended is dan- gerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be injured. Children should be warned not to touch the parking brake or the gear selector lever. Don’t leave the key in the ignition. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle.

BRAKE SYSTEM In the event power assist is lost for any reason (for example, repeated brake applications with the engine off), the brakes will still function. The effort required to brake the vehicle will be significantly increased over that required with the power system operating. If either the front or rear hydraulic system loses normal capability, the remaining system will still function with some loss of braking effectiveness. This will be evident by increased pedal travel during application, greater pedal force required to slow or stop, and activation of the Brake Warning light and the ABS light during brake use. Rear Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System This Anti-Lock Brake System provides increased vehicle stability and brake performance under most braking conditions. The system automatically controls the opera- tion of the rear brakes to prevent rear wheel lockup. The system remains operational in the four-wheel drive mode. The level of performance is reduced when the front brakes are locked up. This will cause the rear brakes to lock-up through the drivetrain, which may reduce the effectiveness of the anti-lock system.

During severe braking conditions, particularly with changing road surfaces, such as ice to concrete, a slight drop or minor pulsation may be felt in the brake pedal.

WARNING!

Both Anti-Lock Brake Systems contain sophisticated electronic equipment. It may be susceptible to inter- ference caused by improperly installed or high out- put radio transmitting equipment. This interference can cause possible loss of anti-lock braking capabil- ity. Installation of such equipment should be done by qualified professionals.

Four-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System — If Equipped This Anti-Lock Brake System is designed to aid the driver in maintaining vehicle control under adverse braking conditions. The system operates with a separate com- puter to modulate hydraulic pressure to prevent wheel lock-up and help avoid skidding on slippery surfaces.

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The system’s pump motor runs during an ABS stop to provide regulated hydraulic pressure. The pump motor makes a low humming noise during operation, which is normal. The Anti-Lock Brake System includes an amber ABS warning light. When the light is illuminated, the Anti- Lock Brake System is not functioning. The system reverts to standard non-anti-lock brakes. Turning the ignition OFF and ON again may reset the Anti-Lock Brake System if the fault detected was only momentary.

WARNING!

Pumping of the Anti-Lock Brakes will diminish their effectiveness and may lead to an accident. Pumping makes the stopping distance longer. Just press firmly on your brake pedal when you need to slow down or stop.

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WARNING!

† Anti-lock system (ABS) cannot prevent the natu- ral laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase braking or steering efficiency be- yond that afforded by the condition of the vehicle brakes and tires or the traction afforded.

† The ABS cannot prevent accidents,

including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, following another vehicle too closely, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. † The capabilities of an ABS equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

When you are in a severe braking condition involving use of the Anti-lock Brake System, you will experience some pedal drop as the vehicle comes to a stop. This is the result of the system reverting to the base brake system. Engagement of the Anti-lock Brake System may be accompanied by a pulsing sensation. You may also hear a clicking noise. These occurrences are normal, and indi- cate that the system is functioning properly.

POWER STEERING Your power steering system will provide mechanical steering capability if power assist is lost. If for any reason the hydraulic pressure is interrupted, it will still be possible to steer your vehicle. Under these conditions you will experience an increase in steering effort and a noticeable amount of “free play” in the steering wheel.

ROCKING THE VEHICLE If vehicle becomes stuck in snow, sand, or mud, it can often be moved by a rocking motion. Move the gear selector rhythmically between FIRST and REVERSE, while applying slight pressure to the accelerator. The least amount of accelerator pedal pressure to main- tain the rocking motion without spinning the wheels or racing the engine is most effective. Allow the engine to idle with the transmission selector in NEUTRAL for at least one minute after every five rocking-motion cycles. This will minimize overheating and reduce the risk of transmission failure during prolonged efforts to free a stuck vehicle.

STARTING AND OPERATING 167

TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION

Tire Markings

168 STARTING AND OPERATING

NOTE: † P(Passenger)-Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. P-Metric tires have the letter “P” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designation. Ex- ample: P215/65R15 95H. † European Metric tire sizing is based on European design standards. Tires designed to this standard have the tire size molded into the sidewall beginning with the section width. The letter 9P9 is absent from this tire size designation. Example: 215/65R15 96H † LT(Light Truck)-Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. The size designation for LT-Metric tires is the same as for P-Metric tires except for the letters “LT” that are molded into the sidewall preced- ing the size designation. Example: LT235/85R16.

† Temporary Spare tires are high pressure compact spares designed for temporary emergency use only. Tires designed to this standard have the letter “T” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: T145/80D18 103M. † High Flotation tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards and begins with the tire diameter molded into the sidewall. Example: 31x10.5 R15 LT.

Tire Sizing Chart

Size Designation:

EXAMPLE:

P = Passenger car tire size based on U.S. design standards (....blank....( = Passenger car tire based on European design standards LT = Light Truck tire based on U.S. design standards T = Temporary Spare tire 31 = Overall Diameter in Inches (in) 215 = Section Width in Milimeters (mm) 65 = Aspect Ratio in Percent (%)

—Ratio of section height to section width of tire.

10.5 = Section Width in Inches (in) R = Construction Code

—9R9 means Radial Construction. —9D9 means Diagonal or Bias Construction.

15 = Rim Diameter in Inches (in)

STARTING AND OPERATING 169

170 STARTING AND OPERATING

Service Description:

95 = Load Index

EXAMPLE:

—A numerical code associated with the maximum load a tire can carry.

H = Speed Symbol

—A symbol indicating the range of speeds at which a tire can carry a load corresponding to its load index under certain operating conditions. —The maximum speed corresponding to the Speed Symbol should only be achieved un- der specified operating conditions. (ie. tire pressure, vehicle loading, road conditions and posted speed limits).

Load Identification:

(....blank....( = Absence of any text on sidewall of the tire indicates a Standard Load (SL) Tire Extra Load (XL) = Extra Load (or Reinforced) Tire Light Load = Light Load Tire C,D,E = Load range associated with the maximum load a tire can carry at a specified pressure

Maximum Load — Maximum Load indicates the maximum load this tire is designed to carry. Maximum Pressure — Maximum Pressure indicates the maximum permissible cold tire inflation pressure for this tire.

Tire Identification Number (TIN) The TIN may be found on one or both sides of the tire however the date code may only be on one side. Tires with white sidewalls will have the full TIN including date code located on the white sidewall side of the tire.

STARTING AND OPERATING 171

Look for the TIN on the outboard side of black sidewall tires as mounted on the vehicle. If the TIN is not found on the outboard side then you will find it on the inboard side of the tire.

EXAMPLE:

DOT MA L9 ABCD 0301

DOT = Department of Transportation

—This symbol certifies that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation tire safety standards, and is approved for highway use.

MA = Code representing the tire manufacturing location.(2 digits) L9 = Code representing the tire size.(2 digits) ABCD = Code used by tire manufacturer.(1 to 4 digits) 03 = Number representing the week in which the tire was manufactured.(2 digits)

—03 means the 3rd week.

01 = Number representing the year in which the tire was manufactured.(2 digits)

—01 means the year 2001. —Prior to July 2000, tire manufacturers were only required to have 1 number to represent the year in which the tire was manufactured. Example: 031 could represent the 3rd week of 1981 or 1991.

172 STARTING AND OPERATING

Tire Loading and Tire Pressure

Tire Placard Location NOTE: Some vehicles have a “Tire and Loading Infor- mation” placard located on the driver’s side “B” pillar.

Tire and Loading Information Placard

This placard tells you important information about the, 1) number of people that can be carried in the vehicle 2) the total weight your vehicle can carry 3) the tire size designed for your vehicle 4) the cold tire inflation pressures for the front, rear and spare tires. Loading The vehicle maximum load on the tire must not exceed the load carrying capacity of the tire on your vehicle. You will not exceed the tire’s load carrying capacity if you

adhere to the loading conditions, tire size and cold tire inflation pressures specified on the Tire and Loading Information placard and the Vehicle Loading section of this manual. NOTE: Under a maximum loaded vehicle condition, gross axle weight ratings (GAWR’s) for the front and rear axles must not be exceeded. For further information on GAWR’s, vehicle loading and trailer towing, see the Vehicle Loading section of this manual. To determine the maximum loading conditions of your vehicle, locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs.” on the Tire and Loading Information placard. The combined weight of occupants, cargo/luggage and trailer tongue weight (if applicable) should never exceed the weight referenced here. Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement “The combined weight of occu- pants and cargo should never exceed XXX pounds” on your vehicle’s placard. 2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.

STARTING AND OPERATING 173

3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and pas- sengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds. 4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if “XXX” amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lb. (1400–750 (5 x 150) = 650 lb.) 5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in step 4. 6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle. NOTE: The following table shows examples on how to calculate total load, cargo/luggage and towing capacities of your vehicle with varying seating configurations and number and size of occupants. This table is for illustra- tion purposes only and may not be accurate for the seating and load carry capacity of your vehicle.

174 STARTING AND OPERATING

NOTE: For the following example the combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed 865 lbs. (392 Kg).

WARNING!

1. Safety—

STARTING AND OPERATING 175

Overloading of your tire is dangerous. Overloading can cause tire failure, affect vehicle handling, and increase your stopping distance. Use tires of the recommended load capacity for your vehicle. Never overload them.

TIRES—GENERAL INFORMATION

Tire Pressure Proper tire inflation pressure is essential to the safe and satisfactory operation of your vehicle. Three primary areas are affected by improper tire pressure:

WARNING!

Improperly inflated tires are dangerous and can cause accidents. † Under inflation increases tire flexing and can result in tire failure. † Over inflation reduces a tire’s ability to cushion shock. Objects on the road and chuck holes can cause damage that results in tire failure. † Unequal tire pressures can cause steering prob- lems. You could lose control of your vehicle. † Over inflated or under inflated tires can affect vehicle handling and can fail suddenly, resulting in loss of vehicle control. † Unequal tire pressures from one side of the vehicle to the other can cause the vehicle to drift to the right or left. Always drive with each tire inflated to the recom- mended cold tire inflation pressure.

176 STARTING AND OPERATING

2. Economy— Improper inflation pressures can cause uneven wear patterns to develop across the tire tread. These abnormal wear patterns will reduce tread life resulting in a need for earlier tire replacement. Underinflation also increases tire rolling resistance and results in higher fuel consumption. 3. Ride Comfort and Vehicle Stability— Proper tire inflation contributes to a comfortable ride. Overinflation produces a jarring and uncomfortable ride. Tire Inflation Pressures The proper cold tire inflation pressure for passenger cars is listed on either the face of the driver’s door or the driver’s side “B” pillar. For vehicles other than passenger cars, the cold tire inflation pressures are listed on either the “B” pillar, the Certification Label or in the Tire Inflation Pressures brochure in the glove compartment. Some vehicles may have Supplemental Tire Pressure Information for vehicle loads that are less that the maxi- mum loaded vehicle condition. These pressure condi- tions will be found in the “Supplemental Tire Pressure Information” section of this manual.

“B” PILLAR

The pressure should be checked and adjusted as well as inspecting for signs of tire wear or visible damage at least once a month. Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check tire pressure. Do not make a visual judgement when determining proper inflation. Radial tires may look properly inflated even when they are underinflated.

CAUTION!

After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure al- ways reinstall the valve stem cap–if equipped. This will prevent moisture and dirt from entering the valve stem, which could damage the valve stem.

Inflation pressures specified on the placard are always “cold tire inflation pressure”. Cold tire inflation pressure is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has not been driven for at least 3 hours, or driven less than 1mile (1 km) after a 3 hour period. The cold tire inflation pressure must not exceed the maximum inflation pres- sure molded into the tire side wall. Check tire pressures more often if subject to a wide range of outdoor temperatures, as tire pressures vary with temperature changes. Tire pressures change by approximately 1 psi (7 kPa) per 12° F (7° C) of air temperature change. Keep this in mind when checking tire pressure inside a garage especially in the winter.

STARTING AND OPERATING 177

Example: If garage temperature = 68° F (20° C) and the outside temperature = 32° F (0° C) then the cold tire inflation pressure should be increased by 3 psi (21 kPa), which equals 1 psi (7 kPa) for every 12° F (7° C) for this outside temperature condition. Tire pressure may increase from 2 to 6 psi (13 to 40 kPa) during operation. DO NOT reduce this normal pressure build up or your tire pressure will be too low. Tire Pressures for High Speed Operation The manufacturer advocates driving at safe speeds within posted speed limits. Where speed limits or condi- tions are such that the vehicle can be driven at high speeds, maintaining correct tire inflation pressure is very important. Increased tire pressure and reduced vehicle loading may be required for high speed vehicle opera- tion. Refer to original equipment or an authorized tire dealer for recommended safe operating speeds, loading and cold tire inflation pressures.

178 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

High speed driving with your vehicle under maxi- mum load is dangerous. The added strain on your tires could cause them to fail. You could have a serious accident. Don’t drive a vehicle loaded to the maximum capacity at continuous speeds above 75
mph (120 km/h).

Radial-Ply Tires

WARNING!

Combining radial ply tires with other types of tires on your vehicle will cause your vehicle to handle poorly. The instability could cause an accident. Al- ways use radial ply tires in sets of four (or 6, in case of trucks with dual rear wheels). Never combine them with other types of tires.

Cuts and punctures in radial tires are repairable only in the tread area because of sidewall flexing. Consult your authorized tire dealer for radial tire repairs. Compact Spare Tire — If Equipped The compact spare is for temporary emergency use with radial tires. It is engineered to be used on your style vehicle only. Since this tire has limited tread life, the original tire should be repaired (or replaced) and rein- stalled at the first opportunity.

WARNING!

Temporary use spare tires are for emergency use only. With these tires, do not drive more than 50 mph (80 km/h). Temporary-use spare tires have a total tread life of 3,000 miles (4 800 km). Be sure to follow the warnings which apply to your spare. Failure to do so could result in spare tire failure and loss of vehicle control.

Do not install a wheel cover or attempt to mount a conventional tire on the compact spare wheel, since the wheel is designed specifically for the compact spare. Do not install more than one compact spare tire/wheel on the vehicle at any given time.

Tire Spinning When stuck in mud, sand, snow, or ice conditions, do not spin your vehicle’s wheels above 35 mph (55 km/h). See the paragraph on Freeing A Stuck Vehicle in Section 6 of this manual.

STARTING AND OPERATING 179

CAUTION!

WARNING!

Because of the reduced ground clearance, do not take your vehicle through an automatic car wash with the compact spare installed. Damage to the vehicle may result.

Fast spinning tires can be dangerous. Forces gener- ated by excessive wheel speeds may cause tire dam- age or failure. A tire could explode and injure someone. Do not spin your vehicle’s wheels faster than 35 mph (55 km/h) when you are stuck. And don’t let anyone near a spinning wheel, no matter what the speed.

180 STARTING AND OPERATING

Tread Wear Indicators Tread wear indicators are in the original equipment tires to help you in determining when your tires should be replaced.

These indicators are molded into the bottom of the tread grooves and will appear as bands when the tread depth becomes 1/16 inch (2 mm). When the indicators appear in 2 or more adjacent grooves, the tire should be replaced. Many states have laws requiring tire replacement at this point.

Replacement Tires The tires on your new vehicle provide a balance of many characteristics. They should be inspected regularly for wear and correct cold tire inflation pressure. The manu- facturer strongly recommends that you use tires equiva- lent to the originals in size, quality and performance when replacement is needed (see the paragraph on tread wear indicators). Refer to the Tire and Loading Informa- tion placard for the size designation of your tire. The service description and load identification will be found on the original equipment tire. Failure to use equivalent replacement tires may adversely affect the safety, han- dling, and ride of your vehicle. We recommend that you contact your original equipment or an authorized tire dealer with any questions you may have on tire specifi- cations or capability.

WARNING!

† Do not use a tire, wheel size or rating other than that specified for your vehicle. Some combina- tions of unapproved tires and wheels may change suspension dimensions and performance charac- teristics, resulting in changes to steering, han- dling, and braking of your vehicle. This can cause unpredictable handling and stress to steering and suspension components. You could lose control and have an accident resulting in serious injury or death. Use only the tire and wheel sizes with load ratings approved for your vehicle. † Never use a tire with a smaller load index or capacity, other than what was originally equipped on your vehicle. Using a tire with a smaller load index could result in tire overloading and failure. You could lose control and have an accident. † Failure to equip your vehicle with tires having adequate speed capability can result in sudden tire failure and loss of vehicle control.

STARTING AND OPERATING 181

CAUTION!

Replacing original tires with tires of a different size may result in false speedometer and odometer read- ings.

wear.

Alignment And Balance Poor suspension alignment may result in: † Fast tire wear. † Uneven tire wear, such as feathering and one-sided † Vehicle pull to right or left. Tires may also cause the vehicle to pull to the left or right. Alignment will not correct this condition. See your dealer for proper diagnosis. Improper alignment will not cause vehicle vibration. Vibration may be a result of tire and wheel out-of- balance. Proper balancing will reduce vibration and avoid tire cupping and spotty wear.

182 STARTING AND OPERATING

SUPPLEMENTAL TIRE PRESSURE INFORMATION A light load vehicle condition is defined as two passen- gers {150 lbs (68 kg) each} plus 200 lbs (91kg) of cargo. Cold tire inflation pressures for a lightly loaded vehicle will be found on a “Supplemental Tire Pressure Inflation” label located on the face of the driver’s door or in the Tire Information Pressures pamphlet in the glove box.

TIRE CHAINS Use only Class S chains, or other traction aids that meet SAE specifications. Chains must be the proper size for the vehicle as recommended by the chain manufacturer. These cautions apply to all chain traction devices, includ- ing link and cable (radial) chains.

CAUTION!

To avoid damage to your vehicle, tires or chains observe the following precautions:

† Because of restricted chain clearance between tires and other suspen-

about 1/2 mile (0.8 km).

sion components, it is important that only chains in good condition are used. Broken chains can cause serious damage. Stop the vehicle immediately if noise occurs that could indicate chain breakage. Remove the damaged parts of the chain before further use.

† Install chains as tightly as possible and then retighten after driving † Do not exceed 30 mph (48 km/h). † Drive cautiously and avoid severe turns and large bumps, especially † Install only Class S chains on 4x2 and 4x4 vehicles. † Do not install tire chains on the front wheels of 4x2 vehicles. † Do not install tire chains or traction devices on rear wheels of 4x2
† Do not install tire chains or traction devices on front wheels of 4x4

vehicles with tires larger than LT225/75R16. These tires are too large for sufficient body clearance with chains or other traction devices.

with a loaded vehicle.

models with tires larger than LT225/75R16. Do not install tire chains or traction devices on rear wheels of 4x4 models with tires larger than LT225/75R16. These tires are too large for sufficient body clearance with chains or other traction devices.

† Do not drive for a prolonged period on dry pavement. † Tire chains are not allowed on 4x2 vehicles equipped with P255/65R16
† Observe the tire chain manufacturer’s instructions on method of

or P255/55R17 tires or 4x4 vehicles equipped with P265/70R16 tires.

installation, operating speed, and conditions for usage. Always use the lower suggested operating speed if both the chain manufacturer and the vehicle manufacturer suggest a maximum speed.

SNOW TIRES Snow tires should be of the same size and type construc- tion as the front tires. Consult the manufacturer of the snow tire to determine any maximum vehicle speed requirement associated with the tire. These tires should always be operated at the vehicle maximum capacity inflation pressures under any load condition. While studded tires improve performance on ice, skid and traction capability on wet or dry surfaces may be poorer than that of non-studded tires. Some states pro- hibit studded tires; local laws should be checked before using these tire types.

therefore,

STARTING AND OPERATING 183

TIRE ROTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Tires on the front and rear axles of vehicles operate at different loads and perform different steering, driving, and braking functions. For these reasons, they wear at unequal rates and tend to develop irregular wear pat- terns. These effects can be reduced by timely rotation of tires. The benefits of rotation are especially worthwhile with aggressive tread designs such as those on all season type tires. Rotation will increase tread life, help to main- tain mud, snow and wet traction levels, and contribute to a smooth, quiet ride.

184 STARTING AND OPERATING

Follow the recommended tire rotation frequency for your type of driving found in the “Maintenance Schedules” Section of this manual. More frequent rotation is permis- sible if desired. The reasons for any rapid or unusual wear should be corrected prior to rotation being per- formed.

FUEL REQUIREMENTS Your engine is designed to meet all emissions regulations and provide excellent fuel economy and performance when using high quality unleaded “regular” gasoline having an octane rating of 87. The routine use of pre- mium gasoline is not recommended. Under normal con- ditions the use of premium fuel will not provide a benefit over high quality regular gasolines and in some circum- stances may result in poorer performance.

Light spark knock at low engine speeds is not harmful to your engine. However, con- tinued heavy spark knock at high speeds can cause damage and immediate service is required. Engine damage resulting from operation with a heavy spark knock may

not be covered by the new vehicle warranty.

Poor quality gasoline can cause problems such as hard starting, stalling and hesitations. If you experience these symptoms, try another brand of “regular” gasoline be- fore considering service for the vehicle. Over 40 auto manufacturers world-wide have issued and endorsed consistent gasoline specifications (the World- wide Fuel Charter, WWFC) to define fuel properties necessary to deliver enhanced emissions, performance and durability for your vehicle. The manufacturer recom- mends the use of gasolines that meet the WWFC speci- fications if they are available. Reformulated Gasoline Many areas of the country require the use of cleaner burning gasoline referred to as “Reformulated Gasoline.” Reformulated gasolines contain oxygenates, and are spe- cifically blended to reduce vehicle emissions and im- prove air quality. The manufacturer strongly supports the use of reformu- lated gasolines. Properly blended reformulated gasolines will provide excellent performance and durability for the engine and fuel system components.

Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends Some fuel suppliers blend unleaded gasoline with oxy- genates such as 10% ethanol, MTBE and ETBE. Oxygen- ates are required in some areas of the country during the winter months to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. Fuels blended with these oxygenates may be used in your vehicle.

CAUTION!

DO NOT use gasolines containing METHANOL. Gasoline containing methanol may damage critical fuel system components.

MMT In Gasoline MMT is a manganese-containing metallic additive that is blended into some gasoline to increase octane. Gasolines blended with MMT provide no performance advantage beyond gasolines of the same octane number without MMT. Gasolines blended with MMT reduce spark plug life and reduce emission system performance in some vehicles. We recommend that gasolines free of MMT be

STARTING AND OPERATING 185

used in your vehicle. The MMT content of gasoline may not be indicated on the gasoline pump; therefore, you should ask your gasoline retailer whether or not his/her gasoline contains MMT. It is even more important to look for gasolines without MMT in Canada because MMT can be used at levels higher than allowed in the United States. MMT is pro- hibited in Federal and California reformulated gasolines. Sulfur In Gasoline If you live in the northeast United States, your vehicle may have been designed to meet California low emission standards with Cleaner-Burning California reformulated gasoline with low sulfur. If such fuels are not available in states adopting California emission standards, your ve- hicles will operate satisfactorily on fuels meeting federal specifications, but emission control system performance may be adversely affected. Gasoline sold outside of California is permitted to have higher sulfur levels which may affect the performance of the vehicle’s catalytic converter. This may cause the Check Engine or Service Engine Soon light to illuminate. We recommend that you try a different brand of unleaded gasoline having lower

186 STARTING AND OPERATING

sulfur to determine if the problem is fuel related prior to returning your vehicle to an authorized dealer for ser- vice.

CAUTION!

If the Check Engine or Service Engine Soon light is flashing, immediate service is required; see onboard diagnostics system section.

Materials Added To Fuel All gasolines sold in the United States are required to contain effective detergent additives. Use of additional detergents or other additives is not needed under normal conditions and would result in unnecessary cost. There- fore, you should not have to add anything to the fuel.

ADDING FUEL

Fuel Filler Cap (Gas Cap)

The gas cap is behind the fuel filler door. If the gas cap is lost or damaged, be sure the replacement cap is for use with this vehicle.

CAUTION!

Damage to the fuel system or emission control system could result from using an improper fuel tank filler tube cap (gas cap). A poorly fitting cap could let impurities into the fuel system.

WARNING!

† Remove the fuel tank filler tube cap (gas cap) slowly to prevent fuel spray from the filler neck which may cause injury. † The volatility of some gasolines may cause a buildup of pressure in the fuel tank that may increase while you drive. This pressure can result in a spray of gasoline and/or vapors when the cap is removed from a hot vehicle. Removing the cap slowly allows the pressure to vent and prevents fuel spray. † Never allow any lit smoking materials near the vehicles while removing the cap or filling the tank. † Never add fuel to the vehicle when the engine is

running.

STARTING AND OPERATING 187

Fuel Tank Filler Tube

NOTE: On some models, the fuel tank filler tube has a restricting door about 2 inches (50 mm) down from the opening. If fuel is poured from a portable container, the container should have a flexible nozzle long enough to force open the restricting door.

CAUTION!

To avoid fuel spillage and overfilling, do not “top off” the fuel tank after filling.

NOTE: When the fuel nozzle “clicks” or shuts off, the fuel tank is full. NOTE: Tighten the gas cap until you hear a “clicking” sound. This is an indication that the gas cap is properly tightened. The Check Engine light will come on if the gas cap is not properly secured. Make sure that the gas cap is tightened each time the vehicle is refueled.

188 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

A fire may result if gasoline is pumped into a portable container that is inside of a vehicle. You could be burned. Always place gas containers on the ground while filling.

Fuel System Cautions

CAUTION!

Follow these guidelines to maintain your vehicle’s performance: † The use of leaded gas is prohibited by Federal law. Using leaded gasoline can impair engine performance, damage the emission control system, and could result in loss of warranty coverage. † An out-of-tune engine, or certain fuel or ignition malfunctions, can cause the catalytic converter to overheat. If you notice a pungent burning odor or

some light smoke, your engine may be out of tune or malfunctioning and may require immediate service. Contact your dealer for service assistance. † When pulling a heavy load or driving a fully loaded vehicle when the humidity is low and the temperature is high, use a premium unleaded fuel to help prevent spark knock. If spark knock persists, lighten the load, or engine piston damage may result. † The use of fuel additives which are now being sold as octane enhancers is not recommended. Most of these products contain high concentrations of methanol. Fuel system damage or vehicle performance problems resulting from the use of such fuels or additives is not the responsibility of the manufacturer and may not be covered under the New Vehicle Warranty.

NOTE: systems can result against you.

Intentional tampering with emissions control in civil penalties being assessed

STARTING AND OPERATING 189

† Keep the liftgate closed when driving your vehicle to prevent carbon monoxide and other poisonous ex- haust gases from entering the vehicle.

CATALYTIC CONVERTER The catalytic converter requires the use of unleaded fuel only. Leaded gasoline will destroy the effectiveness of the converter as an emission control device. Under normal operating conditions, the catalytic converter will not require maintenance. However, you must keep the en- gine maintained to assure proper operation and prevent possible damage. Intentional tampering with emissions control NOTE: systems result in civil penalties being assessed against you.

Carbon Monoxide Warnings

WARNING!

Carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaust gases is deadly. Follow the precautions below to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning: † Do not inhale exhaust gases. They contain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas which can kill. Never run the engine in a closed area, such as a garage, and never sit in a parked vehicle with the engine running for an extended period. If the vehicle is stopped in an open area with the engine running for more than a short period, adjust the ventilation system to force fresh, outside air into the vehicle. † Guard against carbon monoxide with proper mainte- nance. Have the exhaust system inspected every time the vehicle is raised. Have any abnormal conditions repaired promptly. Until repaired, drive with all side windows fully open.

190 STARTING AND OPERATING

CAUTION!

Damage to the catalytic converter can result if your vehicle is not kept in proper operating condition. In the event of engine malfunction, particularly involv- ing engine misfire or other apparent loss of perfor- mance, have your vehicle serviced promptly. Contin- ued operation of your vehicle with a severe malfunction could cause the converter to overheat, resulting in possible damage to the converter and vehicle.

As with any vehicle do not park or operate this vehicle in areas where combustible materials such as grass or leaves can contact a hot exhaust system. A scorching odor may appear if you continue to run a malfunctioning engine. The odor may indicate severe and abnormal catalyst overheating. If this occurs, the vehicle should be stopped, the engine shut off and the vehicle allowed to cool. Service, including a tune-up to manufacturer’s specifications should be obtained imme- diately.

vehicle.

To minimize the possibility of catalytic converter dam- age: † Do not shut off the engine or interrupt the ignition when the transmission is in gear and the vehicle is in motion. † Do not try to start the engine by pushing or towing the † Do not idle the engine with any spark plug wires disconnected or removed, such as when diagnostic testing. † Do not idle the engine for prolonged periods during very rough idle or malfunctioning operating condi- tions.

† Do not allow vehicle to run out of fuel. NOTE: systems can result against you.

Intentional tampering with emissions control in civil penalties being assessed

VEHICLE LOADING

Certification Label As required by National Highway Traffic Safety Admin- istration Regulations, your vehicle has a certification label affixed to the driver’s side door or pillar.

This label contains the month and year of manufacture, Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) front and rear, and Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). A Month-Day-Hour (MDH) number is included on this label and shows the Month, Day, and

STARTING AND OPERATING 191

Hour of manufacture. The bar code that appears on the bottom of the label is your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) The GVWR is the total permissible weight of your vehicle including driver, passengers, vehicle, options, and cargo. The label also specifies maximum capacities of front and rear axle systems. Total load must be limited so that GVWR is not exceeded. Payload The payload of a vehicle is defined as the allowable load weight a truck can carry including the weight of the driver, all passengers, options, and cargo. Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) The GAWR is the maximum permissible load on the front and rear axles. The load must be distributed in the cargo area so that the GAWR of each axle is not exceeded. Each axle GAWR is determined by the component in the system with the lowest load carrying capacity (axle, springs, tires, or wheels).

192 STARTING AND OPERATING

Heavier axles or suspension components sometimes specified by purchasers for increased durability do not necessarily increase the vehicle’s GVWR. Tire Size This is the minimum allowable tire size for your vehicle. Replacement tires must be equal to the load capacity of this tire size. Rim Size This is the rim size that is appropriate for the tire size listed. Inflation Pressure (Cold) This is the cold tire inflation pressure for your vehicle for all loading conditions up to full GAWR. Curb Weight The curb weight of a vehicle is defined as the total weight of the vehicle with all fluids, including vehicle fuel, at full capacity conditions, and with no occupants or cargo loaded into the vehicle. The front and rear curb weight values are determined by weighing your vehicle on a commercial scale before any occupants or cargo are added.

Loading The actual total weight and the weight of the front and rear of your vehicle at the ground can best be determined by weighing it when it is loaded and ready for operation. The entire vehicle should first be weighed on a commer- cial scale to insure that the GVWR has not been exceeded. The weight on the front and rear of the vehicle should then be determined separately to be sure that the load is properly distributed over front and rear axle. Weighing the vehicle may show that the GAWR of either the front or rear axles has been exceeded but the total load is within the specified GVWR. If so, weight must be shifted from front to rear or rear to front as appropriate until the specified weight limitations are met. Store heavier items down low and be sure that the weight is distributed equally. Stow all loose items securely before driving. Improper weight distribution can have an adverse effect on the way your vehicle steers and handles and the way the brakes operate.

WARNING!

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) 6500 LBS.

STARTING AND OPERATING 193

Do not load your vehicle any heavier than the GVWR or the maximum front and rear GAWR. If you do, parts on your vehicle can break, or it can change the way your vehicle handles. This could cause you to lose control. Also, overloading can shorten the life of your vehicle.

A loaded vehicle is shown in the following example. Note that neither GVWR nor GAWR capabilities are exceeded. Overloading can cause potential safety hazards and shorten service life. NOTE: The weights shown in this chart are not necessarily the weights for your vehicle. Also, the amount of load added to both the front and rear axles can be computed after the vehicle has been weighed both in its (curb weight( condition, and in its (loaded and ready for operation( condition.

194 STARTING AND OPERATING

LOADING WIDE BUILDING MATERIALS Four foot wide building materials can be conveniently carried in the Dakota pickup box. For occasional use up to 600 lbs (272 kg) of unrestrained material [9 pcs. 3/49
(19 mm) plywood] can be supported on 2 X 6 lumber placed crossbody in indentations provided in the pickup box inner walls. See illustration.

WARNING!

† Care should always be exercised when operating a vehicle with unrestrained cargo. Vehicle speeds may need to be reduced. Severe turns or rough roads may cause shifting or bouncing of the cargo that may result in vehicle damage. If wide build- ing materials are to be frequently carried, the installation of a support is recommended. This will restrain the cargo and transfer the load to the pickup box floor. † If you wish to carry more than 600 lbs (272 kg) of material suspended above the wheelhouse, sup- ports must be installed to transfer the weight of the load to the pickup box floor or vehicle damage may result. The use of proper supports will permit loading up to the rated payload. † Unrestrained cargo may be thrown forward in an

accident causing serious or fatal injury.

See your dealer or a reputable installer of aftermarket equipment for further information on the installation of these supports.

WARNING!

It is extremely dangerous to ride in a cargo area, inside or outside of a vehicle. In a collision, people riding in these areas are more likely to be seriously injured or killed. Do not allow people to ride in any area of your vehicle that is not equipped with seats and seat belts. Be sure every one in your vehicle is in a seat and using a seat belt properly

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TRAILER TOWING To maintain warranty coverage, follow the requirements and recommendations in this manual concerning ve- hicles used for trailer towing. Definitions The following trailer towing related terminology defini- tions will assist in understanding the subsequent sec- tions: GROSS COMBINATION WEIGHT RATING (GCWR) is the total permissible weight of your vehicle and trailer when weighed in combination. (Note that GCWR ratings include a 68 kg (150 lb.) allowance for the presence of a driver.) Tongue Weight (of a trailer) is the weight placed on a vehicle’s trailer hitch by the trailer. GROSS TRAILER WEIGHT (GTW) is the weight of the trailer plus the weight of all cargo, consumables and equipment (permanent or temporary) loaded in or on the trailer in its 9loaded and ready for operation9 condition. TRAILER SWAY CONTROL is a telescoping link that can be installed between the hitch receiver and the trailer

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tongue that typically provides adjustable friction associ- ated with the telescoping motion to dampen any un- wanted trailer swaying motions while traveling.

CAUTION!

† During the first 500 miles (805 km) your new vehicle is driven, do not tow a trailer. Doing so may damage your vehicle. † When first towing a trailer, limit your speed to 50
mph (80 km/h) during the first 500 miles (805 km) of towing.

Consider the following items when computing the weight on the rear axle: † the tongue weight of the trailer † the weight of any other type of cargo or equipment put

in or on your vehicle

NOTE: Remember that everything put into or on the trailer adds to the load on your vehicle. Also, additional factory-installed options, or dealer-installed options, must be considered as part of the total load on your vehicle. Refer to the Certification label located at the driver’s door for the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. Perform maintenance services as prescribed in the Main- tenance Schedules section. When your vehicle is used for trailer towing, never exceed the gross axle weight rating (GAWR) and GVWR.

WARNING!

Improper towing can lead to an injury accident. Follow these guidelines to make your trailer towing as safe as possible: † Be sure the trailer is loaded heavier in front, with 60% to 65% of the weight located ahead of the trailer’s axles(s) sufficiently to place result in tongue weights of between 10% and 15% of the GTW loaded trailer weight on the tow hitch of your vehicle. (For a 95th

Wheel9 style trailer, this range of loading on the 9King Pin9 should be between 15% and 25%.) Loads balanced over the wheels or biased toward 9heavier in the rear9
can cause the trailer to sway severely side to side which will cause loss of control of vehicle and trailer. Failure to load trailers heavier in front is the cause of many trailer accidents. † Do not interconnect the hydraulic brake system of your vehicle with that of the trailer. This could cause inadequate braking and possible personal injury. † Trailer brakes are recommended for trailers over 1,000
lbs. (454 kg) and required for trailers in excess of 2,000
lbs. (907 kg). † Use an approved trailer harness and connector. If a hitch is ordered, the proper wiring will be provided. † When hauling cargo or towing a trailer, do not over- load your vehicle or trailer. Overloading can cause a loss of control, poor performance or damage to brakes, axle, engine, transmission, steering, suspension, chas- sis structure or tires.

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† Make certain that the load is secured in the trailer and will not shift during travel. When trailering cargo that cannot be fully secured, dynamic load shifts can occur that may be difficult for the driver to control. † All trailer hitches should be professionally installed on † Safety chains must always be used between your † Connect trailer lighting and brakes using factory har- nesses only. Do not cut or splice any wiring to the brake circuits.

vehicle and trailer.

your vehicle.

Trailer and Tongue Weight Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) means the weight of the trailer plus the weight of all cargo and equipment loaded on the trailer when in actual underway towing condition. The recommended way to measure GTW is to put your fully loaded trailer on a vehicle scale. The entire weight of the trailer must be supported by the scale. Tongue Weight is the weight placed on the vehicle’s trailer hitch by the trailer. Always load a trailer with 60%

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to 65% of the weight in the front of the trailer. This places 10% to 15% of the GTW on the tow hitch of your vehicle.

Trailer sway control and equalizing hitch are required for tongue weights above 350 lbs. (159 kg). Trailer Towing—Hitches: With a Class I Hitch, your vehicle can be equipped to tow trailers with a Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) of 2,000 lbs. (907 kg) maximum. Vehicles equipped with a rear step bumper are rated for a Class I Hitch.

With a Class II Hitch, your vehicle can be equipped to tow trailers with a Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) of 3,500
lbs. (1,587 kg) maximum. Tongue weight must be equal to at least 10% of GTW, but no more that 15% of GTW. With a Class III Hitch, your vehicle can be equipped to tow trailers with a Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) of 5,000
lbs. (2,268 kg) maximum. Tongue weight must be equal to at least 10% of GTW, but no more that 15% of GTW. With a Class IV Hitch, you can tow a trailer with a Gross Trailer Weight of up to 6,700 lbs. (3039 kg.) depending on your vehicle equipment. The Trailer Tow Package in- cludes the platform hitch receiver, and a 7 lead wiring harness mounted on the hitch. NOTE: When towing a trailer, the following require- ments must be adhered to: † GCWR must not be exceeded † Total weight must be distributed between the tow vehicle and the trailer such that the following four (4) ratings are not exceeded: 1. GVWR

2. GTW 3. Tongue weight rating for the trailer hitch uti- lized (This requirement may limit the ability to always achieve the 10% to 15% range of tongue weight [15% to 25% for a (5th Wheel( style trailer] as a percentage of total trailer weight.) 4. GAWR ratings

NOTE: Towing a trailer equipped with more than the standard lighting (turn, tail, stop and backup lights) may cause an abnormally high electrical current draw through the headlight switch, causing the switch to fail. To prevent a recurring switch failure install a trailer tow wiring harness overlay kit with relay to bypass headlight switch (available from your dealer). Trailer Towing Information (Maximum Trailer Weight Ratings) (Trailer Towing Guide( For trailer towing information (maximum NOTE: trailer weight ratings) refer to the following website address: http:// www.dodge.com/towing.

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In Canada, refer to the following website address: http:// www.dodge.ca. Trailer Towing Requirements All Dodge Dakota trucks are intended to tow trailers up to 2,000 lbs. without added equipment or alterations to standard equipment. Your vehicle may be factory equipped for safe towing of trailers weighing over 2,000
lbs. with the Trailer Tow Package. The electrical part of this package includes an instruction sheet, a 7/4 pin adaptor, a wiring pigtail for an aftermarket electric trailer brake controller, and three relays that must be installed into the power distribution center. These items are stored in the glove box. Also included in the Trailer Tow Package are two fuses and a relay that are located on the driver’s side of the engine compartment on a harness near the Power Distribution Center. This relay and the fuses power up the trailer towing option. See your Dodge dealer for further information. If you regularly pull a trailer, regardless of the trailer size, stop and turn signals on the trailer are recommended for motoring safety. To handle the additional electrical load

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of the trailer lights and assure their proper functioning, a heavy duty turn signal flasher can be installed as a separate equipment item by your dealer.

WARNING!

The direct connection of hydraulic brake lines from vehicle brake system to trailer system is not accept- able. The extra load may cause brake failure and you may be injured.

Heavy trailer towing also may require breakaway electric trailer brakes, anti-sway devices or equalizing hitches for safe operation. Such devices are commonly required by state law. For all trailer tow or heavy-duty applications it is strongly recommended that the factory fill rear axle lubricant be replaced with an SAE 75W-140 synthetic gear lubricant. Mopart Synthetic Gear Lubricant is of this type.

Trailer Tow Wiring The Trailer Tow Package includes a wiring harness located at the rear underbody of the vehicle. NOTE: Connect trailer lighting and brakes using fac- tory harnesses only. Do not cut or splice wiring to the brake circuits. The electrical connections are all complete to the vehicle but you must mate the harness to a trailer connector. Refer to the following table for wire color and function. Wire Color Black Blue Black/Orange Red/Tan Dk. Green/Red Brown/Red Violet/Black

Function Ground Wire Trailer Brake Tail & Running Lamps Battery Lt. Stop & Turn Signal Rt. Stop & Turn Signal Backup Lamps

Cooling System Tips—Trailer Towing To reduce potential for engine and transmission over- heating, take the following actions: † City Driving —When stopped for short periods of time, put transmission in neutral and increase engine idle speed.

† Highway Driving —Reduce your speed. † Air Conditioning —Turn off temporarily. See Cooling System Operating information in the Main- tenance section of this manual for more information. To reduce potential for automatic transmission overheat- ing, turn the Overdrive OFF when driving in hilly areas or shift the transmission to Drive position 2 on more severe grades. Move the shift lever to the next lower position to eliminate excessive transmission shifting. This action will also reduce the possibility of transmission overheating and provide better engine braking. If your vehicle has an automatic transmission NOTE: and you tow a trailer frequently follow Maintenance Schedule “B”.

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SNOWPLOW

Dodge Dakota Models

NOTE: Do not use Dodge Dakota Models for snow- plow applications.

WARNING!

Snowplows, winches, and other aftermarket equip- ment should not be added to the front end or your vehicle. The airbag crash sensors may be affected by the change in the front end structure. The airbags could deploy unexpectedly or could fail to deploy during a collision resulting in serious injury or death.

CAUTION!

Using this vehicle for snowplow applications can cause damage to the vehicle.

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RECREATIONAL TOWING (BEHIND MOTORHOME, ETC.) OF 4X4 VEHICLES

CAUTION!

Internal damage to the transfer case will occur if a front or rear wheel lift is used when recreational towing.

NOTE: Both the NV233 and NV244 transfer cases must be shifted into Neutral (N) for recreational towing. The Neutral (N) selection button is located on the lower left hand corner of the 4WD Control Switch. Shifts into and out of transfer case Neutral (N) can take place with the selector switch in any mode position. Automatic Trans- missions must be placed in P (Park) position for recre- ational towing. Manual Transmissions must be placed in gear (for example, 4th gear) for recreational towing.

Recreational Towing Procedure

Use the following procedure to prepare your vehicle for recreational towing.

CAUTION!

It is necessary to follow these steps to be certain that the transfer case is fully in Neutral (N) before recreational towing to prevent damage to internal parts.

1. Bring vehicle to a complete stop. 2. Shut engine OFF. 3. Place ignition key in the ON position. 4. Depress brake pedal. 5. Shift automatic transmission to Neutral (N) or depress clutch on manual transmission.

6. Using the point of a ballpoint pen or similar object, depress the recessed transfer case Neutral (N) button for 4 seconds. 7. After shift is completed and the Neutral (N) light comes on release Neutral (N) button. 8. Start engine. 9. Shift automatic transmission into Reverse (R). 10. Release brake pedal for five seconds and ensure that there is no vehicle movement. 11. Repeat steps 9 and 10 with the transmission in Drive (D). 12. Shut engine OFF and place ignition key to the unlocked OFF position. 13. Shift automatic transmission into Park (P). Shift Manual transmissions into 4th gear. 14. Attach vehicle to tow vehicle with tow bar.

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Items 1 through 5 are requirements that must be NOTE: met prior to depressing the Neutral (N) selection button, and must continue to be met until the 4 seconds elaspes and the shift has been completed. If any of these require- ments (with the exception of 3 - Key ON) are not met prior to depressing the Neutral (N) button or are no longer met during the 4 second timer, then the Neutral (N) indicator light will flash continuously until all re- quirements are met or until the Neutral (N) button is released. NOTE: The ignition key must be ON for a shift to take place and for the position indicator lights to be operable. If the key in not ON, the shift will not take place and no position indicator lights will be on or flashing. NOTE: Flashing neutral (N) position indicator light indicates that shift requirements have not been met.

204 STARTING AND OPERATING

CAUTION!

Damage to the transmission may occur if the trans- mission is shifted into Park (P) with the transfer case in Neutral (N) and the engine RUNNING. With the transfer case in Neutral (N) ensure that the engine is OFF prior to shifting the transmission into Park (P).

Returning to Normal Operation

Use the following procedure to prepare your vehicle for normal usage. 1. Bring vehicle to a complete stop. 2. Shut engine OFF. 3. Place ignition key in the ON position. 4. Depress brake pedal. 5. Shift automatic transmission to Neutral (N) or depress clutch on manual transmission.

6. Using the point of a ballpoint pen or similar object, depress the recessed transfer case Neutral (N) button for 1 second. 7. After the Neutral (N) indicator light turns off release the Neutral (N) button. 8. After the Neutral (N) button has been released the transfer case will shift to the position identified by the selector switch. 9. Shift automatic transmission into Drive (D), release the clutch on manual transmission. Items 1 through 5 are requirements that must be NOTE: met prior to depressing the Neutral (N) selection button, and must continue to be met until 1 second elapses and the shift has been completed. If any of these requirements (with the exception of 3 - key ON) are not met prior to depressing the Neutral (N) button or are no longer met during the 1 second time, then all of the mode position indicator lights will flash continuously until all require- ments are met or until the Neutral (N) button is released.

STARTING AND OPERATING 205

CAUTION!

† Do not use a bumper mounted clamp-on tow bar on your vehicle. The bumper face bar will be damaged. † Do not disconnect the rear driveshaft because fluid will leak from the transfer case and damage internal parts.

NOTE: The ignition key must be ON for a shift to take place and for the position indicator lights to be operable. If the key is not ON, the shift will not take place and no position indicator lights will be on or flashing. NOTE: Flashing neutral (N) position indicator light indicates that shift requirements have not been met.

WARNING!

You or others could be injured if you leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the Neutral (N) position without first fully engaging the parking brake. The transfer case Neutral (N) position disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain and will allow the vehicle to move despite the transmission position. The parking brake should always be applied when the driver is not in the vehicle.

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TRACTION When driving on wet or slushy roads, it is possible for a wedge of water to build up between the tire and road surface. This is known as hydroplaning and may cause partial or complete loss of vehicle control and stopping ability. To reduce this possibility, the following precau- tions should be observed: 1. Slow down during rainstorms or when roads are slushy. 2. Slow down if road has standing water or puddles. 3. Replace tires when tread wear indicators first become visible. 4. Keep tires properly inflated. 5. Maintain sufficient distance between your vehicle and the car in front to avoid a collision in a sudden stop.