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9-80
Driving and Operating
For example, adding a 318 kg (700 lb) snow plow actually adds more than 318 kg (700 lb) to the front axle. Using the formula, if the snow plow is 122 cm (4 ft) in front of the front axle and the wheel base is 305 cm (10 ft), then:
W = 318 kg (700 lb) A = 122 cm (4 ft) W.B. = 305 cm (10 ft)
(W x (A + W.B.))/W.B. = (318 x (122 + 305))/305 = 445 kg (980 lb) So, if the vehicle's front axle reserve capacity is more than 980 lbs (445 kg), the snow plow could be added without exceeding the front GAWR. Heavier equipment can be added on the front of the vehicle if it is compensated for by carrying fewer passengers, less cargo, or by positioning cargo toward the rear. This has the effect of reducing the load on the front. However, the front
GAWR, rear GAWR, and the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) must never be exceeded. { Warning
On some vehicles that have certain front mounted equipment, such as a snow plow, it may be possible to load the front axle to the front gross axle weight rating (GAWR) but not have enough weight on the rear axle to have proper braking performance. If the brakes cannot work properly, you could have a crash. To help the brakes work properly when a snow plow is installed, always follow the snow plow manufacturer or installer's recommendation for rear ballast to ensure a proper front and rear weight distribution ratio, even though the actual front weight may be less than the front GAWR, and the total vehicle
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
weight is less than the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). Maintaining a proper front and rear weight distribution ratio is necessary to provide proper braking performance.
Total vehicle reserve capacity is the difference between the GVWR and the weight of the vehicle with full fuel and passengers. It is the amount of weight that can be added to the vehicle before reaching theGVWR. Keep in mind that reserve capacity numbers are intended as a guide when selecting the amount of equipment or cargo the vehicle can carry. If you are unsure of the vehicle's front, rear, or total weight, go to a weigh station and weigh the vehicle. Your dealer can also help you with this.
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Driving and Operating
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The total vehicle reserve capacity for the vehicle can be found in the lower right corner of the Certification/Tire label as shown previously. See your dealer for additional advice and information about using a snow plow on the vehicle. Also, see Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15. Emergency Roof Lamp Provisions Vehicles with the RPO VYU snow plow prep package also have an emergency roof lamp provision package, RPO TRW. Wiring for the emergency roof lamp is provided above the overhead console. See Auxiliary Roof-Mounted Lamp on page 6-6 for switch location.
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9-82
Driving and Operating
2 NOTES
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Vehicle Care
General Information
General Information . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
California Proposition65 Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
California Perchlorate
Materials Requirements . . . . 10-3
Accessories and
Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Vehicle Checks Doing Your Own
Service Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Engine CompartmentOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . 10-9
Automatic TransmissionFluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . 10-13
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
Engine Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-15
Engine Overheating . . . . . . . . 10-18
Overheated EngineProtection Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 10-19
Engine Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20
Power Steering Fluid . . . . . . . 10-20
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
Brake Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-22
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24
Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25
Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25
Rear Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-26
Starter Switch Check . . . . . . . 10-27
Automatic Transmission ShiftLock Control Function Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27
Ignition Transmission Lock
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27
Park Brake and P (Park)
Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . 10-28
Wiper Blade
Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28
Glass Replacement . . . . . . . . 10-29Headlamp Aiming
Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . 10-29
Bulb Replacement
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 10-30
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-30Vehicle Care
10-1
Taillamps, Turn Signal,
Stoplamps, and Back-Up Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-30
License Plate Lamp . . . . . . . . 10-31
Replacement Bulbs . . . . . . . . . 10-31Electrical System
Electrical System
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-32
Fuses and Circuit
Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-32
Engine Compartment Fuse
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-33
Instrument Panel Fuse
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-37
Wheels and Tires
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-40
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41
Winter Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42
Summer Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42
All-Terrain Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42
Tire Sidewall Labeling . . . . . . 10-43
Tire Designations . . . . . . . . . . . 10-45
Tire Terminology andDefinitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-47
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-49
Tire Pressure MonitorSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-51
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10-2
Vehicle Care
Tire Pressure Monitor
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52
Tire Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-54
Tire Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-55
When It Is Time for NewTires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-56
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . 10-57
Different Size Tires andWheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-58
Uniform Tire Quality
Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-59
Wheel Alignment and Tire
Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-60
Wheel Replacement . . . . . . . . 10-61
Tire Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-61
If a Tire Goes Flat . . . . . . . . . . 10-62
Tire Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-64
Secondary Latch System . . . 10-73
Full-Size Spare Tire . . . . . . . . 10-76Jump Starting
Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-77
Towing the Vehicle
Towing the Vehicle . . . . . . . . . 10-81
Recreational VehicleTowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-82
Appearance Care
Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-87
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-90
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-93General Information For service and parts needs, visit your dealer. You will receive genuine GM parts and GM-trained and supported service people. Genuine GM parts have one of these marks:
California Proposition 65 Warning Most motor vehicles, including this one, contain and/or emit chemicals known to the State of California to
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cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. Engine exhaust, many parts and systems, many fluids, and some component wear by-products contain and/or emit these chemicals.
California Perchlorate Materials Requirements Certain types of automotive applications, such as airbag initiators, safety belt pretensioners, and lithium batteries contained in Remote Keyless Entry transmitters, may contain perchlorate materials. Special handling may be necessary. For additional information, see www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/ perchlorate.
Accessories and Modifications Adding non‐dealer accessories or making modifications to the vehicle can affect vehicle performance and safety, including such things as airbags, braking, stability, ride and
handling, emissions systems, aerodynamics, durability, and electronic systems like antilock brakes, traction control, and stability control. These accessories or modifications could even cause malfunction or damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. Damage to vehicle components resulting from modifications or the installation or use of non‐GM certified parts, including control module or software modifications, is not covered under the terms of the vehicle warranty and may affect remaining warranty coverage for affected parts. GM Accessories are designed to complement and function with other systems on the vehicle. See your dealer to accessorize the vehicle using genuine GM Accessories installed by a dealer technician. Also, see Adding Equipment to the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 3-38.
Vehicle Care
10-3
Vehicle Checks
Doing Your Own Service Work
{ Warning
It can be dangerous to work on your vehicle if you do not have the proper knowledge, service manual, tools, or parts. Always follow owner manual procedures and consult the service manual for your vehicle before doing any service work.
If doing some of your own service work, use the proper service manual. It tells you much more about how to service the vehicle than this manual can. To order the proper service manual, see Service Publications Ordering Information on page 13-11.
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10-4
Vehicle Care
This vehicle has an airbag system. Before attempting to do your own service work, see Airbag System Check on page 3-39. Keep a record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the date of any service work performed. See Maintenance Records on page 11-15. Notice: Even small amounts of contamination can cause damage to vehicle systems. Do not allow contaminants to contact the fluids, reservoir caps, or dipsticks.
Hood To open the hood:
1. Pull the handle with this symbol
4. Lift the hood.
on it. It is inside the vehicle to the lower left of the steering wheel.
Before closing the hood, be sure all the filler caps are on properly. Then bring the hood from full open to within 152 mm (6 in) from the closed position, pause, then push the front center of the hood with a swift, firm motion to fully close the hood.
2. Then go to the front of the
vehicle and locate the secondary hood release, near the center of the grille.
3. Push the secondary hood
release to the right.
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Engine Compartment Overview
Vehicle Care
10-5
5.3L V8 Engine
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Engine Cooling Fan (Out of View). See Cooling System on page 10-14.
J. Power Steering Fluid Reservoir.
See Power Steering Fluid on page 10-20.
K. Brake Master Cylinder
Reservoir. See “Brake Fluid” under Brake Fluid on page 10-22.
L. Engine Compartment Fuse
Block on page 10-33.
M. Windshield Washer Fluid
Reservoir. See “Adding Washer Fluid” under Washer Fluid on page 10-21.
10-6
Vehicle Care
A. Engine Air Cleaner/Filter on
I.
page 10-13.
B. Coolant Surge Tank and
Pressure Cap. See Cooling System on page 10-14.
C. Remote Positive (+) Terminal.
See Jump Starting on page 10-77.
D. Battery on page 10-24. E. Remote Negative (−) Terminal
(Out of View). See Jump Starting on page 10-77. F. Automatic Transmission
Dipstick (Out of View). See “Checking the Fluid Level” under Automatic Transmission Fluid on page 10-10.
G. Engine Oil Fill Cap. See “When
to Add Engine Oil” under Engine Oil on page 10-6.
H. Engine Oil Dipstick (Out of
View). See “Checking Engine Oil” under Engine Oil on page 10-6.
Engine Oil To ensure proper engine performance and long life, careful attention must be paid to engine oil. Following these simple, but important steps will help protect your investment:
. Always use engine oil approved to the proper specification and of the proper viscosity grade. See “Selecting the Right Engine Oil” in this section.
. Check the engine oil level regularly and maintain the proper oil level. See “Checking Engine Oil” and “When to Add Engine Oil” in this section.
. Change the engine oil at the
appropriate time. See Engine Oil Life System on page 10-9.
. Always dispose of engine oil
properly. See “What to Do with Used Oil” in this section.
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Checking Engine Oil It is a good idea to check the engine oil level at each fuel fill. In order to get an accurate reading, the vehicle must be on level ground. The engine oil dipstick handle is a loop. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for the location of the engine oil dipstick. Obtaining an accurate oil level reading is essential: 1.
If the engine has been running recently, turn off the engine and allow several minutes for the oil to drain back into the oil pan. Checking the oil level too soon after engine shutoff will not provide an accurate oil level reading.
{ Warning
The engine oil dipstick handle may be hot; it could burn you. Use a towel or glove to touch the dipstick handle.
2. Pull out the dipstick and clean it with a paper towel or cloth, then push it back in all the way. Remove it again, keeping the tip down, and check the level.
When to Add Engine Oil
If the oil is below the cross-hatched area at the tip of the dipstick, add 1 L (1 qt) of the recommended oil and then recheck the level. See “Selecting the Right Engine Oil” in this section for an explanation of what kind of oil to use. For engine oil crankcase capacity, see Capacities and Specifications on page 12-2. Notice: Do not add too much oil. Oil levels above or below the acceptable operating range shown on the dipstick are harmful
Vehicle Care
10-7
to the engine. If you find that you have an oil level above the operating range, i.e., the engine has so much oil that the oil level gets above the cross-hatched area that shows the proper operating range, the engine could be damaged. You should drain out the excess oil or limit driving of the vehicle and seek a service professional to remove the excess amount of oil. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for the location of the engine oil fill cap. Add enough oil to put the level somewhere in the proper operating range. Push the dipstick all the way back in when through. Selecting the Right Engine Oil Selecting the right engine oil depends on both the proper oil specification and viscosity grade. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12.
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10-8
Vehicle Care
Specification Use and ask for licensed engine oils with the dexos1® approved certification mark. Engine oils meeting the requirements for the vehicle should have the dexos1
approved certification mark. This certification mark indicates that the oil has been approved to the dexos1
specification.Notice: Failure to use the recommended engine oil or equivalent can result in engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. Check with your dealer or service provider on whether the oil is approved to the dexos1 specification.
Viscosity Grade SAE 5W-30 is the best viscosity grade for the vehicle. Do not use other viscosity grade oils such as SAE 10W-30, 10W-40, or 20W-50. Cold Temperature Operation: In an area of extreme cold, where the temperature falls below −29°C (−20° F), an SAE 0W-30 oil may be used. An oil of this viscosity grade will provide easier cold starting for the engine at extremely low temperatures. When selecting an oil of the appropriate viscosity grade, always select an oil of the correct specification. See “Specification” earlier in this section for more information. Engine Oil Additives/Engine Oil Flushes Do not add anything to the oil. The recommended oils with the dexos specification and displaying the dexos certification mark are all that is needed for good performance and engine protection.
Engine oil system flushes are not recommended and could cause engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. What to Do with Used Oil Used engine oil contains certain elements that can be unhealthy for your skin and could even cause cancer. Do not let used oil stay on your skin for very long. Clean your skin and nails with soap and water, or a good hand cleaner. Wash or properly dispose of clothing or rags containing used engine oil. See the manufacturer's warnings about the use and disposal of oil products. Used oil can be a threat to the environment. If you change your own oil, be sure to drain all the oil from the filter before disposal. Never dispose of oil by putting it in the trash or pouring it on the ground, into sewers, or into streams or bodies of water. Recycle it by taking it to a place that collects used oil.
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engine oil and filter must be changed at least once a year and, at this time, the system must be reset. For vehicles without the CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message, an oil change is needed when the OIL LIFE REMAINING percentage is near 0%. Your dealer has trained service people who will perform this work and reset the system. It is also important to check the oil regularly over the course of an oil drain interval and keep it at the proper level. If the system is ever reset accidentally, the oil must be changed at 5 000 km (3,000 mi) since the last oil change. Remember to reset the oil life system whenever the oil is changed.
Vehicle Care
10-9
How to Reset the Engine Oil Life System Reset the system whenever the engine oil is changed so that the system can calculate the next engine oil change. Always reset the engine oil life to 100% after every oil change. It will not reset itself. To reset the system on most vehicles: 1. Display the OIL LIFE
REMAINING on the DIC. If the vehicle does not have DIC buttons, the vehicle must be in P (Park) to access this display. See Driver Information Center (DIC) on page 5-26.
2. Press and hold the SET/RESET
button on the DIC, or the trip odometer reset stem if the vehicle does not have DIC buttons, for more than five seconds. The oil life will change to 100%.
Engine Oil Life System
When to Change Engine Oil This vehicle has a computer system that indicates when to change the engine oil and filter. This is based on a combination of factors which include engine revolutions, engine temperature, and miles driven. Based on driving conditions, the mileage at which an oil change is indicated can vary considerably. For the oil life system to work properly, the system must be reset every time the oil is changed. On some vehicles, when the system has calculated that oil life has been diminished, a CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message comes on to indicate that an oil change is necessary. See Engine Oil Messages on page 5-37. Change the oil as soon as possible within the next 1 000 km (600 mi). It is possible that, if driving under the best conditions, the oil life system might indicate that an oil change is not necessary for up to a year. The
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10-10
Vehicle Care
On all vehicles, the Engine Oil Life System can be reset as follows: 1. Turn the ignition to ON/RUN with
the engine off.
2. Fully press the accelerator pedal
slowly three times within five seconds.
3. Display the OIL LIFE
REMAINING on the DIC. If the display shows 100%, the system is reset. See Driver Information Center (DIC) on page 5-26.
If the vehicle has a CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message and it comes back on when the vehicle is started and/or the OIL LIFE REMAINING is near 0%, the engine oil life system has not been reset. Repeat the procedure.
Automatic Transmission Fluid
When to Check and Change Automatic Transmission Fluid It is usually not necessary to check the transmission fluid level. The only reason for fluid loss is a transmission leak or overheated transmission. If a small leak is suspected, then use the following checking procedures to check the fluid level. However, if there is a large leak, then it may be necessary to have the vehicle towed to a dealer and have it repaired before driving the vehicle further. Notice: Use of the incorrect automatic transmission fluid may damage the vehicle, and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use the automatic transmission fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12.
Change the fluid and filter at the scheduled maintenance intervals listed in Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2. Be sure to use the transmission fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12. How to Check Automatic Transmission Fluid Notice: Too much or too little fluid can damage the transmission. Too much can mean that some of the fluid could come out and fall on hot engine parts or exhaust system parts, starting a fire. Too little fluid could cause the transmission to overheat. Be sure to get an accurate reading if checking the transmission fluid. Before checking the fluid level, prepare the vehicle as follows: 1. Start the engine and park the
vehicle on a level surface. Keep the engine running.
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Cold Check Procedure Use this procedure only as a reference to determine if the transmission has enough fluid to be operated safely until a hot check procedure can be made. The hot check procedure is the most accurate method to check the fluid level. Perform the hot check procedure at the first opportunity. Use this cold check procedure to check fluid level when the transmission temperature is between 27°C and 32°C (80°F and 90°F).
Vehicle Care
10-11
1. Locate the transmission dipstick
at the rear of the engine compartment, on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for more information.
2. Flip the handle up, then pull out
3.
the dipstick and wipe it with a clean rag or paper towel. Install the dipstick by pushing it back in all the way; wait three seconds, and then pull it back out again.
4. Check both sides of the dipstick and read the lower level. Repeat the check procedure to verify the reading.
2. Apply the parking brake and
place the shift lever in P (Park).
3. With your foot on the brake pedal, move the shift lever through each gear range, pausing for about three seconds in each range. Then, move the shift lever back to P (Park).
4. Allow the engine to idle (500 – 800 rpm) for at least 1 minute. Slowly release the brake pedal.
5. Keep the engine running and
press the Trip/Fuel button or trip odometer reset stem until TRANS TEMP (Transmission Temperature) displays on the Driver Information Center (DIC).
6. Using the TRANS TEMP
reading, determine and perform the appropriate check procedure. If the TRANS TEMP reading is not within the required temperature ranges, allow the vehicle to cool, or operate the vehicle until the appropriate transmission fluid temperature is reached.
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10-12
Vehicle Care
5.
If the fluid level is below the COLD check band, add only enough fluid as necessary to bring the level into the COLD band. It does not take much fluid, generally less than 0.5 L (1 pt). Do not overfill.
6. Perform a hot check at the first
7.
opportunity after the transmission reaches a normal operating temperature between 71°C to 93°C (160°F to 200°F). If the fluid level is in the acceptable range, push the dipstick back in all the way, then flip the handle down to lock the dipstick in place.
Hot Check Procedure Use this procedure to check the transmission fluid level when the transmission fluid temperature is between 71°C and 93°C (160°F and 200°F). The hot check is the most accurate method to check the fluid level. The hot check should be performed at
the first opportunity in order to verify the cold check. The fluid level rises as fluid temperature increases, so it is important to ensure the transmission temperature is within range.
4. Check both sides of the dipstick and read the lower level. Repeat the check procedure to verify the reading.
1. Locate the transmission dipstick
at the rear of the engine compartment, on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for more information.
2. Flip the handle up, then pull out
3.
the dipstick and wipe it with a clean rag or paper towel. Install the dipstick by pushing it back in all the way; wait three seconds, and then pull it back out again.
5. Safe operating level is within the
HOT cross hatch band on the dipstick. If the fluid level is not within the HOT band, and the transmission temperature is between 71°C and 93°C (160°F and 200°F), add or drain fluid as necessary to bring the level into the HOT band. If the fluid level is low, add only enough fluid to bring the level into the HOT band. It does not take much fluid, generally less than 0.5 L (1 pt). Do not overfill.
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Vehicle Care
10-13
How to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter To inspect the air cleaner/filter, remove the engine air cleaner/filter from the vehicle by following Steps 1 through 6. When the engine air cleaner/filter is removed, lightly shake it to release loose dust and dirt. If the engine air cleaner/filter remains covered with dirt, a new filter is required. Never use compressed air to clean the filter.
Replacing the Engine Air Cleaner/ Filter 1. Locate the air cleaner/filter
assembly. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5.
6.
If the fluid level is in the acceptable range, push the dipstick back in all the way, then flip the handle down to lock the dipstick in place.
Consistency of Readings Always check the fluid level at least twice using the procedure described previously. Consistency (repeatable readings) is important to maintaining proper fluid level. If readings are still inconsistent, contact the dealer.
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for the location of the engine air cleaner/filter. Inspect the air cleaner/filter at the scheduled maintenance intervals and replace it at the first oil change after each 80 000 km (50,000 mi) interval. See Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2 for more information. If driving on dusty/dirty conditions, inspect the filter at each engine oil change.
2. Loosen the four screws on the cover of the housing and lift up the cover.
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10-14
Vehicle Care
3. Remove the engine air cleaner/
filter from the housing. Care should be taken to dislodge as little dirt as possible.
4. Clean the engine air cleaner/ filter sealing surfaces and the housing. Inspect or replace the engine air cleaner/filter.
5.
6. Reinstall the cover and tighten
the screws.
{ Warning
Operating the engine with the air cleaner/filter off can cause you or others to be burned. The air cleaner not only cleans the air; it helps to stop flames if the engine backfires. Use caution when working on the engine and do not drive with the air cleaner/filter off.
Cooling System The cooling system allows the engine to maintain the correct working temperature.
5.3L V8 Engine
A. Coolant Surge Tank B. Coolant Surge Tank
Pressure Cap
C. Engine Cooling Fan(s) (Out
of View)
{ Warning
An electric engine cooling fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.
{ Warning
Heater and radiator hoses, and other engine parts, can be very hot. Do not touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Do not run the engine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine fire, and you could be burned. Get any leak fixed before you drive the vehicle.
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What to Use
{ Warning
Adding only plain water or some other liquid to the cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water and other liquids, can boil before the proper coolant mixture will. The coolant warning system is set for the proper coolant mixture. With plain water or the wrong mixture, the engine could get too hot but you would not get the overheat warning. The engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50/ 50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant.
Notice: Using coolant other than DEX-COOL® can cause premature engine, heater core, or radiator corrosion. In addition, the engine coolant could require changing sooner, at 50 000 km (30,000 mi) or 24 months, whichever occurs first. Any repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use DEX-COOL (silicate-free) coolant in the vehicle.
Engine Coolant The cooling system in the vehicle is filled with DEX-COOL engine coolant. This coolant is designed to remain in the vehicle for 5 years or 240 000 km (150,000 mi), whichever occurs first. The following explains the cooling system and how to check and add coolant when it is low. If there is a problem with engine overheating, see Engine Overheating on page 10-18.
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Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant. If using this mixture, nothing else needs to be added. This mixture:
. Gives freezing protection down
to −37°C (−34°F), outside temperature.
. Gives boiling protection up to
129°C (265°F), engine temperature.
. Protects against rust and
corrosion.
. Will not damage aluminum parts.
. Helps keep the proper engine
temperature.
Notice: If improper coolant mixture, inhibitors, or additives are used in the vehicle cooling system, the engine could overheat and be damaged. Too much water in the mixture can freeze and crack engine cooling parts. The repairs would not be covered by the warranty. Use only
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the proper mixture of engine coolant for the cooling system. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12. Never dispose of engine coolant by putting it in the trash, pouring it on the ground, or into sewers, streams, or bodies of water. Have the coolant changed by an authorized service center, familiar with legal requirements regarding used coolant disposal. This will help protect the environment and your health. Checking Coolant The vehicle must be on a level surface when checking the coolant level. Check to see if coolant is visible in the coolant surge tank. If the coolant inside the coolant surge tank is boiling, do not do anything else until it cools down. If coolant is visible but the coolant level is not at or above the FULL COLD mark, add a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant at the
coolant surge tank, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done.
The coolant surge tank is located in the engine compartment on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for more information on location. The coolant level should be at or above the FULL COLD mark. If it is not, the vehicle may have a leak in the cooling system.
How to Add Coolant to the Surge Tank
{ Warning
You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Do not spill coolant on a hot engine.
Notice: This vehicle has a specific coolant fill procedure. Failure to follow this procedure could cause the engine to overheat and be severely damaged.
{ Warning
Steam and scalding liquids from a hot cooling system can blow out and burn you badly. Never turn the cap when the cooling system, including the surge tank pressure (Continued)
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Warning (Continued)
cap, is hot. Wait for the cooling system and surge tank pressure cap to cool.
If no coolant is visible in the surge tank, add coolant as follows:
1. Remove the coolant surge tank pressure cap when the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one full turn. If a hiss is heard, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left.
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2. Keep turning the pressure cap
slowly and remove it.
3. Fill the coolant surge tank with the proper mixture to the FULL COLD mark.
4. With the coolant surge tank
pressure cap off, start the engine and let it run until the upper radiator hose can be felt getting hot. Watch out for the engine cooling fan. By this time, the coolant level inside the coolant surge tank may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper mixture to the coolant surge tank until the level reaches the FULL COLD mark.
5. Replace the pressure cap tightly.
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6. Verify coolant level after engine
is shut off and the coolant is cold. If necessary, repeat coolant fill procedure Steps 1–6.
Notice: If the pressure cap is not tightly installed, coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured.
Engine Overheating The vehicle has several indicators to warn of engine overheating. There is a coolant temperature gauge on your vehicle's instrument panel. See Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge on page 5-14. In addition, ENGINE OVERHEATED STOP ENGINE, ENGINE OVERHEATED IDLE ENGINE, and an ENGINE POWER IS REDUCED message comes on in the Driver Information Center (DIC) on the instrument panel. See Engine Cooling System Messages on page 5-36 and Engine Power Messages on page 5-38.
If the decision is made not to lift the hood when this warning appears, but instead get service help right away. See Roadside Assistance Program on page 13-5. If the decision is made to lift the hood, make sure the vehicle is parked on a level surface. Then check to see if the engine cooling fans are running. If the engine is overheating, both fans should be running. If they are not, do not continue to run the engine and have the vehicle serviced. Notice: Running the engine without coolant may cause damage or a fire. Vehicle damage would not be covered by the warranty. See Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode on page 10-19 for information on driving to a safe place in an emergency.
If Steam Is Coming from the Engine Compartment { Warning
Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, even if you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you see or hear steam coming from it. Turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam or coolant before you open the hood. If you keep driving when the vehicles engine is overheated, the liquids in it can catch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop the engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool.
(Continued)
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See Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode on page 10-19 for information on driving to a safe place in an emergency.
If No Steam Is Coming from the Engine Compartment The ENGINE OVERHEATED STOP ENGINE or the ENGINE OVERHEATED IDLE ENGINE message, along with a low coolant condition, can indicate a serious problem. If an engine overheat warning is displayed but no steam can be seen or heard, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when the vehicle:
. Climbs a long hill on a hot day.
. Stops after high-speed driving.
Idles for long periods in traffic.
Tows a trailer. See Trailer Towing on page 9-63.
If the overheat warning is displayed with no sign of steam: 1. Turn the air conditioning off. 2. Turn the heater on to the highest
3.
temperature and to the highest fan speed. Open the windows as necessary. In heavy traffic, let the engine idle in N (Neutral) while stopped. If it is safe to do so, pull off the road, shift to P (Park) or N (Neutral) and let the engine idle.
If the temperature overheat gauge is no longer in the overheat zone or an overheat warning no longer displays, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slowly for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the vehicle in front. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally.
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If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away. If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down. Also, see “Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode” later in this section.
Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode If an overheated engine condition exists and the ENGINE POWER IS REDUCED message is displayed, an overheat protection mode which alternates firing groups of cylinders helps prevent engine damage. In this mode, a loss in power and engine performance will be noticed. This operating mode allows the vehicle to be driven to a safe place in an emergency. Driving extended
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distances and/or towing a trailer in the overheat protection mode should be avoided. Notice: After driving in the overheated engine protection operating mode, to avoid engine damage, allow the engine to cool before attempting any repair. The engine oil will be severely degraded. Repair the cause of coolant loss, change the oil and reset the oil life system. See Engine Oil on page 10-6.
Engine Fan The vehicle electric cooling fans may be heard spinning at low speed during most everyday driving. The fans may turn off if no cooling is required. Under heavy vehicle loading, trailer towing, high outside temperatures, or operation of the air conditioning system, the fans may change to high speed and an increase in fan noise may be heard. This is normal and indicates that the cooling system is functioning
properly. The fans will change to low speed when additional cooling is no longer required.
Power Steering Fluid
See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for reservoir location. When to Check Power Steering Fluid It is not necessary to regularly check power steering fluid unless there is a leak suspected in the system or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired.
How to Check Power Steering Fluid To check the power steering fluid: 1. Turn the key off and let the
engine compartment cool down. 2. Wipe the cap and the top of the
reservoir clean.
3. Unscrew the cap and wipe the
dipstick with a clean rag.
4. Replace the cap and completely
tighten it.
5. Remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on the dipstick.
The level should be at the FULL COLD mark. If necessary, add only enough fluid to bring the level up to the mark. What to Use To determine what kind of fluid to use, see Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12. Always use the proper fluid.
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Notice: Use of the incorrect fluid may damage the vehicle and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle's warranty. Always use the correct fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12.
Washer Fluid
What to Use When windshield washer fluid needs to be added, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions before use. Use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing. Adding Washer Fluid The vehicle has a low washer fluid message on the DIC that comes on when the washer fluid is low. The message is displayed for 15 seconds at the start of each ignition cycle. When the WASHER FLUID LOW ADD FLUID message
displays, washer fluid will need to be added to the windshield washer fluid reservoir.
Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for reservoir location. Notice
. When using concentrated
washer fluid, follow the manufacturer instructions for adding water.
. Do not mix water with
ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage the washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system.
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. Fill the washer fluid tank only
three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.
. Do not use engine coolant
(antifreeze) in the windshield washer. It can damage the windshield washer system and paint.
Brakes This vehicle has disc brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.
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{ Warning
The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to a crash. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.
Notice: Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair. Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications in Capacities and Specifications on page 12-2.
Brake linings should always be replaced as complete axle sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service might be required. Brake Adjustment Every time the brakes are applied, with or without the vehicle moving, the brakes adjust for wear. Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. The vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When parts of the braking system are replaced, be sure to get new, approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes might not work properly. For example,
installing disc brake pads that are wrong for the vehicle, can change the balance between the front and rear brakes — for the worse. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed.
Brake Fluid
The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for the location of the reservoir.
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There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:
The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.
. A fluid leak in the brake
hydraulic system can also cause a low fluid level. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.
Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.
{ Warning
If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system. See “Checking Brake Fluid” in this section.
When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light on page 5-21. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to check the brake fluid. See Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2. Checking Brake Fluid Check brake fluid by looking at the brake fluid reservoir. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5.
The fluid level should be above MIN. If it is not, have the brake hydraulic system checked to see if there is a leak. After work is done on the brake hydraulic system, make sure the level is above the MIN but not over the MAX mark.
What to Add Use only new DOT 3 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12.
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Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.
{ Warning
With the wrong kind of fluid in the brake hydraulic system, the brakes might not work well. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid.
Notice
. Using the wrong fluid can
badly damage brake hydraulic system parts. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in the brake hydraulic system can damage brake hydraulic system parts so badly that they will have to be replaced. Do not let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid.
. If brake fluid is spilled on the
vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on the vehicle. If you do, wash it off immediately.
Battery Refer to the replacement number on the original battery label when a new battery is needed. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for battery location.
{ Warning
Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.
Vehicle Storage
{ Warning
Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 10-77 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.
Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.
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Front Axle
When to Check and Change Lubricant It is not necessary to regularly check front axle fluid unless a leak is suspected, or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss could indicate a problem. Have it inspected and repaired.
How to Check Lubricant To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface.
To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface. If the level is below the bottom of the fill plug (A) hole, some lubricant will need to be added. Add enough lubricant to raise the level to the bottom of the fill plug (A) hole. Use care not to overtighten the plug.
When to Change Lubricant Refer to Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2 to determine how often to change the lubricant.
What to Use Refer to Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12 to determine what kind of lubricant to use.
Four-Wheel Drive
Transfer Case
When to Check Lubricant Refer to Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2 to determine when to check the lubricant.
How to Check Lubricant
Active Transfer Case
A. Fill Plug B. Drain Plug
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What to Use Refer to Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12 to determine what kind of lubricant to use.
Rear Axle
When to Check Lubricant It is not necessary to regularly check rear axle fluid unless there is a leak suspected, or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss could indicate a problem. Have it inspected and repaired. All axle assemblies are filled by volume of fluid during production. They are not filled to reach a certain level. When checking the fluid level on any axle, variations in the readings can be caused by factory fill differences between the minimum and the maximum fluid volume. Also, if a vehicle has just been driven before checking the fluid level, it may appear lower than normal because fluid has traveled
out along the axle tubes and has not drained back to the sump area. Therefore, a reading taken five minutes after the vehicle has been driven will appear to have a lower fluid level than a vehicle that has been stationary for an hour or two. Remember that the rear axle assembly must be supported to get a true reading. How to Check Lubricant
To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface.
A. Fill Plug B. Drain Plug
. When the differential is cold, add
enough lubricant to raise the level from 0 mm (0 in) to 3.2 mm (1/8 in) below the fill plug (A) hole.
. When the differential is at
operating temperature (warm), add enough lubricant to raise the level to the bottom of the fill plug (A) hole.
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The proper level is from 1.0 mm to 19.0 mm (0.04 in to 0.75 in) below the bottom of the fill plug hole, located on the rear axle. Add only enough fluid to reach the proper level.
Starter Switch Check
{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.
1. Before starting this check, be
sure there is enough room around the vehicle.
2. Apply both the parking brake
and the regular brake. Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.
3. Try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral). If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer for service.
Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check
{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.
1. Before starting this check, be
sure there is enough room around the vehicle. It should be parked on a level surface.
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10-27
2. Apply the parking brake. Be
ready to apply the regular brake immediately if the vehicle begins to move.
3. With the engine off, turn the
ignition on, but do not start the engine. Without applying the regular brake, try to move the shift lever out of P (Park) with normal effort. If the shift lever moves out of P (Park), contact your dealer for service.
Ignition Transmission Lock Check If equipped with a key type ignition, while parked and with the parking brake set, try to turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF in each shift lever position.
The ignition should turn to LOCK/OFF only when the shift lever is in P (Park).
The ignition key should come out only in LOCK/OFF.
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Contact your dealer if service is required.
Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check { Warning
When you are doing this check, the vehicle could begin to move. You or others could be injured and property could be damaged. Make sure there is room in front of the vehicle in case it begins to roll. Be ready to apply the regular brake at once should the vehicle begin to move.
Park on a fairly steep hill, with the vehicle facing downhill. Keeping your foot on the regular brake, set the parking brake.
To check the parking brake's holding ability: With the engine running and the transmission in N (Neutral), slowly remove foot
pressure from the regular brake pedal. Do this until the vehicle is held by the parking brake only.
To check the P (Park) mechanism's holding ability: With the engine running, shift to P (Park). Then release the parking brake followed by the regular brake.
Contact your dealer if service is required.
Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear or cracking. See Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2. Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways. Front Wiper Blade Replacement 1. Pull the windshield wiper arm
connector away from the windshield.
2. Squeeze the grooved areas on each side of the blade, and turn the blade assembly away from the arm connector.
3.
Install the new blade onto the arm connector and make sure the grooved areas are fully set in the locked position.
For the proper type and size, see Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 11-14.
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Headlamp Aiming Headlamp aim has been preset and should need no further adjustment. If the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the headlamp aim may be affected. If adjustment to the headlamps is necessary, see your dealer.
Rear Wiper Blade Replacement 1. Lift the wiper blade assembly up and out of the park rest position.
2. Pull the wiper blade assembly away from the backglass. The backglass wiper blade will not lock in a vertical position, so care should be used when pulling it away from the vehicle. 3. Turn the wiper blade assembly, and pull it off of the wiper arm. Hold the wiper arm in position and push the blade away from the wiper arm.
4. Replace the wiper blade. 5. Return the wiper blade assembly
to the park rest position.
Glass Replacement If the windshield or front side glass must be replaced, see your dealer to determine the correct replacement glass.
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Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs on page 10-31. For any bulb‐changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer.
Halogen Bulbs
{ Warning
Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps, and Back-Up Lamps
2. Remove the two screws from the
taillamp assembly.
3. Pull the taillamp assembly
rearward disengaging the two outer pins on the taillamp assembly from the vehicle.
4. Turn the bulb socket
counterclockwise to remove it from the taillamp assembly. 5. Pull the old bulb straight out
from the bulb socket.
A. Stoplamp/Taillamp B. Back-up Lamp C. Taillamp/Turn Signal Lamp D. Side Marker Lamp To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Open the liftgate. See Liftgate
on page 2-9.
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5. Reverse Steps 1–3 to reinstall
the license plate lamp.
