1994 Chevrolet S10 Owners Manual

Adjust your outside mirrors so you can just see the side of your vehicle. Manual mirrors should be adjusted by pressing the glass as needed.

Some vehicles come with a remote control switch for adjusting the outside mirrors. Find the switch on the driver's side door. Move the switch to the right or left to choose the mirror, then move the switch from side to side or up and down as needed.

2-49

Your outside mirrors must be folded in before entering a carwash. To fold, pull the mirrors in towards the vehicle. f i s h the mirrors back out when finished. Convex Outside Mirror Your right side mirror is convex. A convex mirror’s surface is curved so you can see more from the driver’s seat.

Sun VisorsNanity Mirrors To block out glare, you can swing down the visors. You can also swing them from side to side. Your visors have an extension that can be pulled out for additional glare protection.

Your visor will have a strap for holding small items, such as maps.

2-50

Some visors have a lighted mirror. Just lift the cover up to turn on the mirror lights.

Accessory Power Outlets (Option)

If you have accessory power outlets, you can plug in auxiliary electrical equipment. Just pull down from the top of the door and follow the proper installation instructions that are included with any electrical equipment you install.

These circuits are protected by a fuse and have maximum current levels.

NOTICE: When using the accessory power outlets, maximum electrical load must not exceed 25 amps. Always turn off any electrical equipment when not in use. Leaving electrical equipment on for extended periods will drain your battery.

2-51

Cigarette Lighter/Ashtray

To use the lighter, press it in all the way, and let go. When it’s ready, it will pop back by itself.

Don’t hold a cigarette lighter in with your hand while do, it won’t ‘be able to back away from the heating element when it’s ready. That can make it overload, damaging the lighter and the heating element.

it is heating. If you

The ashtray must be completely pulled out to open position before the ashtray cover opens and smoking material can be deposited.

Don’t put papers and other things that bum into your ashtray. If you do, cigarettes or other smoking materials could set damage. To remove the ashtray, lift the release tab as high as possible, then remove the tray.

them on fire causing

2-52

Storage Compartments

Your vehicle may have a console compartment between the bucket seats. To open it, just squeeze the lever in the front of the console while lifting the top of the console. Your console also includes a handy place to hold cups.

To open your glove box, squeeze the lever at the top of the glovebox and lower the door.

Two cup aepressions are provided €or your conve~ence, but the gkovebox should not be open while driving,.

2-53

A storage compartment under your radio may be used to hold small items.

You will find a storage pocket on each of the front doors.

You also have a storage pocket on the back of your bucket or 60/40 bench seats.

Some vehicles have a storage area behind the seat

2-54

Instrument Panel

-, .

7 . Brake Release Handle 8. Light Switches 9. Electronic Transfer Case 10. Fog Lamp Switch 1 1. Ashtray 12. Storage Compartment

1. Vents 2. Instrument Cluster 3. Air ConditionerFteater 4. Glove Box 5. Sound System 6. Cigarette Lighter Instrument Cluster Your instmmnt dustex is designed to let you know at a glance how yaur vehicle is. running. You’ll h o w bow fast^ you’re going, about how much fuel you’ve used, -and many other things you’ll need to know to drive safely and economically.

2 - 5.5

Speedometer and Odometer

Your speedometer lets you see your speed in both miles per hour (mph) and kilometers per hour (Wh).

All speedometers will show speeds up to 85 mph (140 km/h), but if you have a 4.3L (VIN W) engine with a tachometer, the speedometer will show speeds up to 100 mph (1 60 W h ) . Your odometer shows how far your vehicle has been driven, in either miles (used in the U.S.) or kilometers (used in Canada). Tamper Resistant Odometer

Standard

Cluster Cluster Tachometer

Your odometer is tamper resistant. It will show silver lines between the numbers if someone tries to turn it back. You may wonder what happens if your vehicle needs a new odometer installed. If the new one can be set to the mileage total of the old odometer, then it must be. But if it can't, then it's set at zero, and a label must be put on the driver's door to show the old mileage reading when the new odometer was installed.

2-56

Trip Odometer

Standard

Cluster Cluster Tachometer

The trip odometer can tell you how far your vehicle has been driven since you last set the trip odometer to zero. Make sure the button is completely depressed. To set the trip odometer to zero, completely push the button near the readout. Tachometer

The tachometer displays the engine speed in revolutions per minute (rpm).

Each tachometer has a different limit depending on the powertrain in your vehicle. The tachometer has three areas: normal operating range, yellow warning range, and’red danger range. Normal operating range shows your engine speed during normal driving conditions. For example, when the needle points to 2, it means the engine is

2-57

is running.

running at 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm). The tachometer needle will vary all the time that the engine The yellow warning range tells you that your engine speed is reaching its upper limits. Don’t drive very long with the tachometer in the yellow range. If you have a manual transmission, shift to a higher gear as soon as possible. If you have an automatic transmission, lift your foot off of the accelerator pedal so that the transmission can select a higher gear. The Red danger range tells you that your engine speed is at You should immediately shift to a higher gear, or lift your foot off of the accelerator pedal. If you drive for very long with the tachometer in the red danger range, engine damage will result.

its upper limits.

NOTICE: Do not operate the engine with the tachometer in the red area, or engine damage will occur.

I Warning Lightsy Gages and Indicators

it

that may be on your

This section describes the warning lights and gages vehicle. The pictures will help you locate them. Warning lights and gages can signal that something is wrong before becomes serious enough to cause an expensive repair or replacement. Paying attention to your warning lights and gages could also save you or others from injury. Warning lights go on when there may be or is a problem with one of your vehicle’s functions. As you will see in the details on the next few pages, some warning lights come on briefly when you turn the ignition key just to let you know they’re working. If you are familiar with this section, you should not be alarmed when this happens. Gages can indicate when there may be or is a problem with one of your vehicle’s functions. Often gages and warning lights work together know when there’s a problem with your vehicle. When one of the warning lights comes on and stays on when you are driving, or when one of the gages shows there may be a problem, check the section that tells you what to do about it. Please follow the manual’s advice. Waiting to do repairs can be costly - and even dangerous. So please get to know your warning lights and gages. They’re a big help.

to let you

2-58

Brake System Warning Light

If one part

Your vehicle hydraulic brake system is divided into two parts. isn’t working, the other part can still work and stop you. For good braking, though, you need both parts working well. Your vehicle also has rear-wheel or four-wheel anti-lock brakes. See “Anti-Lock Brakes” in the Index. If the warning light comes on, there could be a brake problem with either your regular or rear-wheel anti-lock brakes, or both. Have your brake system inspected right away. This light should come on as you start the vehicle. If it doesn’t come on then, have it fixed so it will be ready to warn you if there’s a problem. If the light comes on while you are driving, pull off the road and stop carefully. You may notice that the pedal is harder to push. Or, the pedal may go closer to the floor. It may take longer to stop. If the light is still on, have the vehicle towed for service. (See “Towing Your Vehicle” in the Index.)

The brake system warning light will also come on when you set your parking brake, and it will stay on if your parking brake doesn’t release fully. If it stays on after your parking brake is fully released, it means you have a brake problem.

2-59

Anti-Lock Brake System Warning Light (Option) If your vehicle has four-wheel anti-lock brakes, it will have this yellow light.

With anti-lock, this light will go on when you start your engine and may stay on for several seconds. That’s normal. If the light doesn’t come on, have it fixed so it will be ready to warn you if there is a problem. If the light stays on, or comes on when you’re driving, your vehicle needs service. If the regular brake system warning light isn’t on, you still have brakes, but you don’t have anti-lock brakes. If the regular brake system warning light is also on, you don’t have anti-lock brakes and there’s a problem with your regular brakes. See “Brake System Warning Light” earlier in this part. Engine Coolant Temperature Gage

This gage shows the engine coolant temperature. If the gage pointer moves into the red area, your engine is too hot!

It means that your engine coolant has overheated. If you have been operating your vehicle under normal driving conditions, you should pull the road, stop your vehicle and turn off the engine as soon as possible. Hot Coolant Can Burn you Badly! In Problems On The Road, this manual explains what to do. See “Engine Overheating ’’ in the Index.

off

2-60

Malfunction Indicator (Service Engine Soon) Lamp

A computer monitors operation of your fuel, ignition and emission control systems. This light should come on when the ignition is on, but the engine is not running, as a check to show you it is working. If it does not come on at all, have it fixed right away. If it stays on, or it comes on while you are driving, the computer is indicating that you have a problem. You should take your vehicle in for service soon.

NOTICE: If you keep driving your vehicle with this light on, after a while the emission controls won’t work as well, your fuel economy won’t be as good and your engine may not run as smoothly. This could lead to costly repairs not covered by your warranty.

2-61

Oil Pressure Gage

in psi (pounds per

The oil pressure gage shows the engine oil pressure square inch) when the engine is running. Canadian vehicles indicate pressure in P a (kilopascals). Oil pressure may vary with engine speed, outside temperature and oil viscosity, but readings above the low pressure zone indicate the normal operating range. A reading in the low pressure zone may be caused by a dangerously low oil level or other problems causing low oil pressure.

NOTICE: Damage to your engine from neglected oil problems can be costly and is not covered by your warranty.

Indicator Lights Indicator lights go on when you use your turn signals, change from low beam headlights to high beams, or when you use your hazard flashers. The next few pages will also tell you about the indicator lights on your vehicle and help you locate them.

Charging System Light

The charging system light is on your instrument cluster and will come on briefly when you turn on the ignition, but the engine is not running, as a check to show you it is working.

It should go out once the engine is running. If it stays on, or comes on while you are driving, you may have a problem with the charging system. It could indicate that you have problems with a generator drive belt, or another electrical problem. Have it checked right away. Driving while this light is on could drain your battery. If you must drive a short distance with the light on, be certain to turn off all your accessories, such as the radio and air conditioner. Check Gages Light

This Check Gages light is on the instrument cluster and will come on briefly when you are starting the engine. If the light comes on and stays on while you are driving, check your various gages to see if they are in the warning zones.

2-63

Daytime Running Lights (DRL) Indicator Light (Canada Only)

:.

SHIFT Indicator Light

This green DRL indicator light is on the instrument cluster. The DRL indicator light is on whenever the ignition is on and the headlight switch and parking brake are off. For more details about DRL, see “Lights” in this section.

This amber SHIFT indicator light is on the instrument cluster of vehicles with manual transmissions. The SHIFT indicator light will help you get the best fuel economy. See “Shift Indicator Light” in this section.

2-64

Headlight High Beam Indicator Light

This blue high beam indicator light is on the instrument cluster and is on whenever you use your high beam headlights. For more details about high beams, see “Headlight High-Low Beam Changer” in this section.

Turn Signal and Lane Change Indicator

instrument cluster. The turn signal indicator will come on whenever you signal a turn or lane change. See “Turn and Lane Change Signal” in this section.

2-65

Gages Fuel Gage

The fuel gage tells you about how much fuel you have remaining, when the ignition is on. When the gage first indicates empty, you still have a little fuel left, but you should get more fuel soon.

Here are four things that some owners ask about. None problem with your fuel gage:

of these show a

At the gas station, the gas pump shuts off before the gage reads full. It takes a little more or less fuel to fill up than the gage indicated. For example, the gage may have indicated the tank was half full, but it actually took a little more or less than half the tank’s capacity to fill tank. The gage moves a little when you turn a corner or speed up. The gage doesn’t go back to empty when you turn off the ignition.

the

For your fuel tank capacity, see the Index under “Fluid Capacities.”

2-66

Voltmeter

the normal

When your engine is not running, but the ignition is on (in the RUN position), this gage shows your battery’s state of charge in DC volts. When the engine is running, the gage shows the condition of the charging system. Readings between the low and high warning zones indicate operating range. You can only drive for a short time with the reading in either warning zone. If you must drive, turn off all unnecessary accessories. Readings in either warning zone indicate a possible problem in the electrical system. Have the vehicle serviced as soon as possible. Center High Mounted Stop Lamp (CHMSL) Feed Wire Your vehicle includes a Center High Mounted Stop Lamp (CHMSL) located above the rear window. If equipment such as a cap or camper is installed, a wire labeled “Center High Mounted Stop Lamp (CHMSL)” feed is provided along the left rear frame. This wire should be used to install a CHMSL in the cap or camper.

2-67

Trailer Wiring Harness Your vehicle may have either a 5-wire or 7-wire harness. The 5-wire harness is stored under your vehicle, along the left rear frame crossmember. The harness has no connector, and you should have a for you. Be sure you leave it qualified service person wire your harness loose enough so the wiring doesn’t bend or break, but not so loose that it drags on the ground.

Store the harness in its original place. Wrap the h>arness together and tie it neatly so it wm’t be damaged.

The 7-wire is stored under your vehicle along the rear frame erossmember. This harness has a 30 Amp. in-line fused battery feed wire and no connector, and should be wired by a qualified service person. Attach the harness to the trailer, then tape or strap it to your vehicle’s frame rail. Be sure you leave it loose enough so the wiring doesn’t bend or break, but not so loose that it drags on the ground. Store the harness in its original place. Wrap the harness together and tie neatly so it won’t be damaged. The fuse for trailer wiring is in-line and located in left front side panel electrical block.

it

2-68

Comfort Controls & Audio Systems

Section

In this part you’ll find out how to operate the comfort control systems and audio systems offered with your vehicle . Be sure to read about the particular system supplied with your vehicle . For explanation of vehicle symbols. refer to “Vehicle Symbols” in the Introduction . Comfort Controls

Flow-Through Ventilation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Heater Controls .......................................... 3-3 Heater/Air Conditioning Controls ........................... 3-4 Engine Coolant Heater (Engine Block Heater) .................... 3-5 Audiosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 FMStereo .............................................. 3-6 AM ................................................... 3-6 AM Stereo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... -* . . . . . . . . ............ 3-6 How to Operate Your E I R@ AM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 How to Operate Your ETR@ AM-FM Stereo Audio System . . . . . . 3-8 How to Operate Your ETR@ AM-FM Stereo Audio Cassette

System .............................................

3-10

How to Operate Your ETR@ AM-FM Stereo Audio Cassette System With Equalizer ....................................... Care of Your Cassette Tape Player .......................... How to Operate Your ETR@ AM-FM Stereo Audio Compact Disc 3-17 Care of Compact Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22 Fixed Mast Antenna ..................................... 3-22

(CD)Systern ........................................

3-13 3-16

3-1

Comfort Controls Flow-Through Ventilation System

Your vehicle's flow-through ventilation system supplies outside air to the inside of your vehicle when it is moving. With the side windows closed, air will flow into the front air inlet grilles, through the vehicle, and out air exhaust valve. Outside air will also enter the vehicle when the heater the air conditioning fan is running.

the rear or

Ventilation Tips

Keep the hood and front air inlet free of ice, snow, or any other obstruction (such as leaves). The heater and defroster will work far better, reducing the chance of fogging the inside of your windows. When you enter a vehicle in cold weather, turn the blower a few moments before driving off. This helps clear the intake ducts of snow and moisture, and reduces the chance of fogging the inside of your windows. Keep the air path under the front seats clear of objects. This helps air to circulate throughout your vehicle.

fan to HI for

Air Vents

You will find air vents in the center and on the sides of your instrument panel. You can move the vents to direct the flow of air, or close the vents altogether. When you close a vent, it will increase the flow of air coming out of any vents that are open. Heater Controls

If your vehicle does not have air conditioning, your heater controls will look like this.

The switch on the righthand side changes the fan speed. To increase the fan speed, push the switch upward toward HI. To decrease the fan speed, push the switch downward toward LO . The upper knob changes the air temperature. Turn the knob right (clockwise) for warmer air. Turn the knob left (counterclockwise) for cooler air. The lower knob changes the heater function and determines which outlets the air will flow through (instrument panel, defroster, heater, etc.).

3-3

OFF: This setting turns off all heating functions. Some outside air will still come out of the heater outlet whenever the vehicle is moving forward. VENT Airflow is through the instrument panel vents. Set the upper knob to the temperature desired. This setting is useful for mild outside temperatures, when little heating or cooling is desired. BI-LEV: Outside air comes in through the heater floor vents and the instrument panel vents. This setting is useful in cool weather with bright sunlight. HEAT Heated air comes out through the heater floor vents and windshield defroster vents. This setting is useful for cold weather. BLEND: Airflow is divided equally between the heater floor vent and the windshield defroster vents. This setting is useful in cool weather when you have fog or ice on the windshield or side windows. DEF: This setting directs most air through the windshield defroster vents and some through the heater vents. This setting is useful when you have fog or ice on the windshield. Heater/Air Conditioning Controls

If your vehicle has air conditioning, your heatedair conditioning controls will look like this.

Before using your vehicle's air conditioning, open the windows to clear the vehicle of hot air. The switch on the righthand side changes the fan speed. To increase the fan speed, push the switch upward toward HI. To decrease the fan speed, push the switch downward toward LO . The upper knob changes the air temperature. Turn the knob right (clockwise) for warmer air. Turn the knob left (counterclockwise) for cooler air. The lower knob changes the heater function and determines which outlets the air will flow through (instrument panel, defroster, heater, etc.).

3-4

Engine Coolant Heater (Engine Block Heater) If you use the optional engine coolant heater before starting your engine, your heating system will produce warmer air faster, to heat the passenger compartment in cold weather. See “Engine Coolant Heater” in the Index. Audio Systems Your Delco@ audio system has been designed to operate easily and give years of listening pleasure. But you will get the most enjoyment out of it if you acquaint yourself with it first. Find out what your Delco’ system can do and how to operate all its controls, to be sure you’re getting the most out of the advanced engineering that went into it. Be aware that hearing damage from loud noise is almost undetectable until it is too late. Your hearing can adapt to higher volumes of sound. Sound that seems normal can be loud and harmful to your hearing. Take precautions by adjusting the volume control on your radio to a safe sound level before your hearing adapts to it.

3-5

To help avoid hemng loss or aamL_,z

Adjust the volume control to the lowest setting.

0 Increase volume slowly until you hear comfortably and clearly. FM Stereo FM stereo will give you the best sound. But FM signals will reach only about 10 to 40 miles (16 to 65 km). And, tall buildings or hills can interfere with FM signals, causing the sound to come and go.

AM The range for most AM stations is greater than for FM, especially at night. The longer range, however, can cause stations to interfere with each other. AM can pick up noise from things like storms and power lines. Try reducing the treble to reduce this noise

if you ever get it.

AM Stereo This means the Delco’ system can receive C-QUAM’ Many AM stations around the country use C-QUAM@ to produce stereo, though some do not. (C-QUAM@ is a registered trademark of Motorola, kc.) If your DelcoB system can get C-QUAM@, your “STEREO’ light will come on when you’re receiving it.

stereo broadcasts.

NOTICE: Before you add any sound equipment to your ~ehicle - like a tape player, CB radio, mobile telephone or two-way radio - be sure you can add what you want. If you can, it’s very important to do it properly. Added sound equipment may interfere with the operation of your vehicle’s engine, Delco@ radio or other systems, and even damage them. And, your vehicle’s systems may interfere with the operation of sound equipment that has been added improperly. So, before adding sound equipment, check with your dealer and be sure to check Federal rules covering mobile radio and telephone units.

3-6

How To Operate Your E T P AM Radio

This part tells you how your ETR@ AM radio works. Upper Knob (PWR-VOL-RECALL) The upper knob has four functions:

Rotate it to turn the system on and off.

0 Rotate it to control the volume. 0 Press it to display the time when the ignition is off.

Press it to change between the clock and the radio station frequency displayed when the radio is on.

BAL (Balance) The contrQl rimz behind the upper knob adjusts the lefvright speaker balance. Lower Knob Rotate the lower knob to tune in radio srauons. The control ring behind the lower knob is non-functional. Pushbuttons The four pushbuttons let you return to favorite stations. You can set the pushbuttons for up to six favorite AM stations. Just:

Tune in the station you want.

0 Press the SET pushbutton. (SET appears in the VF display for a few

seconds.)

0 Within 5 seconds, push one of the four pushbuttons to store the station,

Whenever you press that button, the preset station will return.

3-7

1

NOTE: Up to two additional stations may be preset by pressing two adjoining buttons at the same time.

0 Tune in the desired station. Press the SET pushbutton.

0 Within 5 seconds, press any two adjoining pushbuttons at the same

time. (The station will return when the same two buttons are pressed again.)

Clock To set the clock, just:

Press the SET pushbutton. Within 5 seconds, press and hold MINS until the correct minute appears on the display. Press and hold HRS until the correct hour appears on the display.

TREBLE Slide the TREBLE lever up to increase the treble response. If the station is weak or noisy, slide the TREBLE lever down to reduce the noise. BASS Slide the BASS lever up to increase the bass response. Adjust the BASS lever to give a pleasing sound to your ear. How to Operate Your ETW AM-FM Stereo Audio System

3-8

This part tells you how your ETR@ AM-FM stereo audio system works: Upper Knob (PWR-VOL-RECALL) The upper knob has these four functions:

Rotate it to turn the system on and off. Rotate it to control the volume. Press it to display the time when the ignition is off.

0 Press it to change between the clock and the radio station frequency

displayed when~the radio is on.

BAL (Balance) The control ring behind the upper knob adjusts the leftlright me: balance. Lower Knob The lower knob has two functions:

:r

Rotate it to tune in radio stations.

0 Press it to change between the AM and FM bands.

FADE The control ring behind the lower knob adjusts the frontlrear speaker balance. SEEK Press the SEEK button to cause the receiver to SEEK the next higher station and stop. SCAN When you press SCAN, the radio will go to the next station and pause and will keep scanning until you press SCAN again. SCAN appears in the VF display. Pushbuttons The four pushbuttons let you return to favorite stations. YOU can set the pushbuttons for up to eight favorite stations (4 AM and 4 FM). Just:

Tune in the desired station. Press the SET pushbutton. (SET appears in the VF display for a few seconds.)

0 Within 5 seconds, push one of the four pushbuttons to store the station.

Whenever you press that button, the preset station will return.

NOTE: Up to two additional stations may be preset on each band by pressing two adjoining buttons at the same time. (The station will return when the same two buttons are pressed again.)

Clock To set the clock, just:

Press the SET pushbutton. Within 5 seconds, press and hold SEEK until the correct minute appears on the display.

0 Press and hold SCAN until the correct hour appears on the display.

TREBLE Slide the TREBLE lever up to increase the treble response. weak or noisy, slide the TREBLE lever down to reduce the noise. BASS Slide the BASS lever up to increase the bass response. Adjust the BASS lever to give a pleasing sound to your ear. How to Operate Your ET' AM-FM Stereo Audio Cassette System

If a station is

This part tells you how your ETR@ AM-FM stereo audio cassette system works: Upper Knob (PWR-VOL-PROG-RCL) The upper knob has these five functions: Rotate it to turn the system on and off.

0 Rotate it to control the volume. 0 Press it to display the time when the ignition is off (RCL $.

Press it to change between the clock and the radio station frequency displayed when the radio is on (RCL ). Press it to change sides of a tape when a cassette is playing (PROG >.

3-16

BAL (Balance) The control ring behind the upper knob adjusts the lefuright speaker balance. Lower Knob The lower knob has two functions: Rotate it to tune in radio stations. Press it to change between the AM and FM bands.

FADE The control ring behind the lower knob adjusts the fronurear spes balance. SEEK Press the SEEK button to cause the receiver to SEEK the next higher station and stop. SCAN When you press SCAN, the radio will go to the next station and pause, and will keep scanning until you press SCAN again. SCAN appears in the VF display. Pushbuttons The four pushbuttons let you return to favorite stations. You can set the pushbuttons for up to eight favorite stations (4 AM and 4 FM). Just:

Tune in the desired station.

0 Press the SET pushbutton. (SET appears in the VF display for

5 seconds.)

0 Within 5 seconds, push one of the four pushbuttons to store the station.

Whenever you press that button, the preset station will return.

NOTE: In addition to the four stations set as above, up to two additional stations may be preset on each band by pressing two adjoining pushbuttons at the same time.

Tune in the desired station.

0 Push the SET pushbutton. (SET appears in the VF display for

5 seconds.) Within 5 seconds, press any two adjoining pushbuttons at time. (The station will return when the same two buttons again.

the same are pressed

3 - 11

t

Clock To set the clock, just:

Press the SET pushbutton. Within 5 seconds, press and hold SEEK until the correct minute appears on the display. Press and hold SCAN until the correct hour appears on the display.

TREBLE Slide the TREBLE lever up to increase the treble response. If the station is weak or noisy, slide the TREBLE lever down to reduce the noise. BASS Slide the BASS lever up to increase the bass response. Adjust the BASS lever to give a pleasing sound to your ear. AUTO DNR This unit is equipped with an automatic Dynamic Noise Reduction system. DNR@reduces background hiss on AM and FM radio broadcasts, as well as on cassette tapes. DNR@ is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. To Play A Cassette Your tape player is built to work best with tapes that are 30 to 45 minutes long on each side. Tapes longer than that are in this player. Once the tape is playing, use the upper and lower knobs for volume, balance, and fade just as you do for the radio. The arrows indicate which side of the tape is being played. Fast Forward Press the button with the arrow pointing is playing. The arrow light next to the arrow button will be lit. To stop fast forward, press the STOP-E JECT button. Reverse Press the button with the arrow pointing tape is playing. The arrow light next to the arrow button will be lit. To stop reverse, press the STOP-E JECT button. PROGRAM To change sides of the tape, press the PWR-VOL-PROG-RCL knob. STOP- EJECT To stop playing a tape, fully press this button (the cassette will be partially ejected, and the radio will begin playing).

in the same direction that the tape

in the opposite direction that the

so thin they may not work well

3-12

How to Operate Your E T P AM-FM Stereo Audio Cassette System with Equalizer

This part tells you how your ETR@ AM-FM stereo audio cassette system with equalizer works: Upper Knob (PWR-VOL-PROG-RCL) The upper knob has these five functions:

Rotate it to turn the system on and off. Rotate it to control the volume.

0 Press it to display the time when the ignition is off (RCL ). 0 Press it to change between the clock and the radio station frequency

displayed when the radio is on (RCL ). Press it to change sides of a tape when a cassette is playing (PROG ).

BAL (Balance) The control ring behind the upper knob adjusts the lefdright speaker balance. Lower Knob The lower knob has two functions:

Rotate it to tune in radio stations. Press it to change between the AM and FM bands.

FADE The control ring behind the lower knob adjusts the fronthear speaker balance. SEEK Press the SEEK button to cause the receiver to SEEK the next higher station and stop.

3-13

SCAN When you press SCAN, the radio will go to the next station and pause and will keep scanning until you press SCAN again. SCAN appears in the graphic display. Pushbuttons The four pushbuttons let you return to favorite stations. You can set the pushbuttons for up to eight favorite stations (4 AM and 4 FM). Just:

Tune in the desired station. Push the SET pushbutton (SET appears in the VF display for 5 seconds.) Within the 5 seconds, push one of the four pushbuttons. Whenever you press that button, the preset station will return.

NOTE: In addition to the four stations set as above, up to two additional stations may be preset on each band by pressing two adjoining pushbuttons at the same time. Just:

Tune in the desired station. Press the SET pushbutton (SET appears in the VF display for 5 seconds.) Within 5 seconds, press any two adjoining pushbuttons at the same time. (The station will return when the same two buttons are pressed again.

Clock To set the clock, just:

Press the SET pushbutton.

0 Within 5 seconds, press and hold S

:K until the correct minute

appears on the display. Press and hold SCAN until the correct hour appears on the display.

Adjust the Tone Use the levers in the upper left corner to set the bass, midrange, and treble until you get the sound you want. The 60 and 250 levers adjust the bass; 1K is midrange; and 3 S K and 1OK control the treble. We suggest you start with the center lever (1K) in the midpoint position, then move the others up until you get the amount of bass and treble you like. Am-St Button The Am-St is just below the SEARCH button. Push this when you tune to an AM station that broadcasts in stereo. Your STEREO light will come on when you’re receiving AM stereo. If you push A m S t and there is no more noise, it means the station is weak. You’ll hear the station better if you don’t use Am-St. Just push theAm-St button again to delete stereo.

3- 14

@

AUTO DNR This unit is equipped with an automatic Dynamic Noise Reduction system. DNR@reduces background hiss on AM and FM radio broadcasts, as well as on cassette tapes. DNR@ is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. To Play A Cassette Your tape player is built to worK Pesr with tapes that are 30 to 45 minutes long on each side. Tapes longer than that are so thin they may not work well in this player. Once the tape is playing, use the upper and lower knobs for volume, balance and fade, just as you do for the radio. The arrows indicate which side of the tape is being played. Fast Forward Press the button with the arrow pointing in the same direction that the tape is playing. The arrow light next to the arrow button will be lit. To stop fast forward, press the STOP-E JECT button. Reverse Press the button with the arrow pointing in the opposite direction that the tape is playing. The arrow light next to the arrow button will be lit. To stop reverse, press the STOP-EJECT button. SEARCH Press the SEARCH button. Press FWR to go to the beginning of the next selection. Press REV and the tape will reverse to the beginning of the current selection. Cr02 The Cr02 button lets you set the system for the type of cassette being used. If you are using chrome or metal tapes, push the CrO2 button in. PROGRAM To change sides of the tape, press the PWR-VOL-PROG-RCL knob. STOP-E JECT To stop playing a tape, fully press this button (the cassette will ejected, and the radio will begin playing).

be partially

is subject to reduced sound

Care of Your Cassette Tape PIayer A tape player that is not cleaned regularly quality, ruining the cassette, or a damaging the mechanism. Tape cassettes that are not properly stored in their plastic cases away from contaminants, direct sunlight, and extreme heat may not operate properly and could cause premature failure of the tape player. Your tape player should be cleaned monthly or with every 15 hours of use, as regular maintenance. If you notice a reduction in sound quality, try a good cassette to see if the tape or the tape player is at fault. If the second cassette results in no improvement in sound quality, try cleaning the tape player. Proper tape player cleaning should be done with a non-abrasive cleaner cassette. To properly clean your tape player, you should follow the directions on the cleaning cassette. Cassettes are subject to wear and the sound quality may degrade over time. Always verify that the cassette tape is in good condition before obtaining service on your tape player.

wiping-action

3-16

How to Operate Your ET@ AM-FM Stereo Audio Compact Disc (CD) System

This part tells you how your ETR@ AM-FM stereo system works: Upper Knob (PWR-VOL) The upper knob has three functions:

0 It switches the radio on and off when the ignition is on. 0 It controls the volume. Volume will increase when the RCL knob is

turned to the right and decrease when turned to the left. Volume will be displayed briefly unless LeftIRight speaker control, Rearmront speaker control, BASS or TREB are adjusted.

0 It controls the mute feature. By pressing the MUTE knob, all sound from the radio or CD player stops. By pressing the knob again, or by turning the VOL knob to the right, sound will begin again.

Lefmght Speaker Control The control ring behind the upper knob allows you to balance the sound between the left and right speakers. Balance will be displayed briefly when using this control. Lower Knob The lower knob has two functions:

0 It enables you to tune in different radio stations by turning the knob to

the right or to the left.

0 It enables you to alternate between AM and FM stations by pressing the

BAND knob. Your selection will be briefly displayed.

Rearmront Speaker Control The control ring behind the lower knob fades the sound between your rear and front speakers. Fade levels will be briefly displayed.

3-17

stop.

button will cause the receiver to seek the next higher

SEEK Pressing the SEEK static and Pressing the 4 SEEK button will cause the receiver to seek the next lower station and stop. SCAN When you press SCAN, the radio will go to the next station and pause, and will keep scanning until you press SCAN again. SC will be displayed when using this control. Pushbuttons The five pushbuttons let you return to favorite stations. They are also used when you play a disc. (See “To Play A Compact Disc”.) To set the pushbuttons for up to ten favorite stations (5 AM and 5 FM):

Tune in the desired station. Push the SET button. (SET is displayed briefly.) Within 5 seconds, push one of the five pushbuttons to store the station. Whenever you press that button, the preset station will return.

Clock To set the clock, just:

Press the SET button. The radio may be on or off. Within 5 seconds, press and hold either SEEK minutes or 4 SEEK to decrease the minutes until the correct minute appears on the display. Press and hold SCAN until the correct hour appears on the display.

to increase the

RCL Press the RCL button to alternate between time and radio station on the display. RCL may be pressed when the ignition is off to see the time. Press the BASSI to increase the bass tones and v BASS to decrease bass BASS

tones. Press the center of the control for a preset BASS position. The bass level will be displayed briefly when using this control. TREBLE

Press the TREBA to increase the treble tones and v TREB to decrease the

treble tones. Press the center of the control for a preset TREB position. The treble level will be displayed briefly when using this control.

3-18

- \

.. . R’ -,

To PIay A Compact Disc (CD)

NOTI( :: I Before you Degin, please note: DO NOT use mini-discs that are called singles. They won’t eject. USE FULL-SIZE COMPACT DISCS. If the disc player is very hot, or if you’re driving on a very rough road, a disc may come out or just not play. If you see the word HOT on the display, the disc player is too hot to play the disc. go off the display. When Press RCL to make the word HOT things get back to normal, the disc should play again. Press PWR to turn the system on.

Insert a disc partway into the slot, label side up. The player will pull it in. Wait a few seconds and the disc should play. If the disc comes back out, check whether:

The disc is upside down. It is dirty, scratched, or wet.

0 Too much moisture i s in the air. (If there is, wait about one hour and try

again.)

RCL Press RCL to see what track is playing. Press it again within 5 seconds to see how long it has been playing. The track number also appears when you change the volume or when a new track starts to play. COMP Press the COMP button to make soft and loud passages more nearly equal in volume. COMP appears in the display while using this command. RDM The RDM button means random and when it is pressed, it causes the CD mechanism to play the tracks in a random order rather than in the sequential 1,2, 3 order. REV Press and hold the REV button to quickly return to a favorite passage. The counter reading will be displayed when using this control. FWD Press and hold the FWD button to advance quickly within a track. Release it to resume playing. Watch the display to stop at a specific passage.

SCAN Press SCAN to sample each track for approximately 10 seconds. Scanning will continue until the RDM, SCAN or any other motion button is pressed again. PREV If you hold the PREV (4 SEEK) button, or press it more than once, the disc will return to previous tracks. NEXT Press NEXT (SEEK b) to hear the next track now instead of waiting until the present track is finished. If you hold this button or press it more than once, the disc will advance further. ST-PL Press ST-PL (Stop-Play) to make the disc stop and the radio play. Press ST-PL again to restart the disc at the point where Press PWR or turn the ignition key off to stop the disc player. The disc stays in the player and will resume playing at the point where it stopped. Press EJCT to eject the disc and make the radio play. The disc will start at track 1 when you reinsert it. Anti-Theft Feature Delco LOC 11’ It can be used or ignored. If ignored, the. system plays normally. If it is used, your player won’t be usable if it is ever stolen, because it won’t turn on. The instructions below tell you how to enter a secret code into the system. If your car loses battery power for any reason, you must unlock the system with the secret code before the radio will turn on.

is an Anti-Theft feature for the compact disc player.

it stopped.

To Lock The System: 1. Write down any 6 digit number and keep it in a safe place. 2. Turn the ignition to the ACC (Accessory) or RUNposition. 3. Press the PWR button to turn the radio off. 4. Press the 1 and 4 buttons together. Hold them down until “- - -” shows

on the display. You are now ready to enter your - ;ret code. Don’t wait more than 15 seconds between steps.

5. rress SET and 000 will appear on the display. 6. Press the SEEK b or 4 button to make the first number appear. 7. Press SCAN to make the last two numbers agree with your code.

3-20

I-

- ... .. . t-

8, Press BAND and 000 will appear again. Now you are ready to enter the

last three digits of your code.

9. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the last three digits of your code. 10. Press BAND and rEP will appear for 5 seconds and then 000 will

appear.

11. Repeat steps 6 through 10. This time SEC will appear-indicating that

the radio is secure.

To Unlock The System After A Fower Loss When battery power is reapplied to a secured radio, the radio won’t turn on and LOC will appear on the display. Enter your secret code as follows: pause no more than 15 seconds between steps. 1. Turn the ignition on. (Radio off .) 2. Depress the SET button. The display will show 009. 3. Enter the six digits of the code following steps 6-9 above. The display

will show the numbers as entered.

4. Depress the BAND knob and the time appears - indicating that the disabling sequence was successful. If the display indicates SEC, the numbers did not match and the unit is still secured.

Disabling The Theft System 1. Depress presets 1 and 4 f?r 5 seconds with ignition on and radio power

off. The display will show SEC, indicating the unit is in the secure mode.

2. Depress the SET button. The display will show 000. 3. Enter the first three digits of the code following steps 6 and 7 of the preceding paragraphs. The display will show the numbers as entered.

numbers as entered.

4. Depress the BAND knob. The radio will display 000. 5. Enter the second three digits of the code. The display will L-- JW the 6. Depress the BAND knob. If the display shows “- - - ”, the disabling sequence was successful. The numbers matched the user-selected code or the factory back-up code, and the unit is in the UNSECURED mode. If the display shows SEC, the disabling sequence was unsuccessful and the numbers did not match either of the codes and the unit will remain in the SECURED mode.

3-21

Care of Your Compact Discs Handle discs carefully. Store them in their original cases or other protective cases and away from direct sunlight and dust. soiled, dampen a clean, soft cloth in a mild, neutral detergent solution and clean it, wiping from the center to the edge.

If the surface of a disc is

Be sure never ta touch the signal surface when handling discs. Pick up discs by grasping the outer edges or the edge of the. hole and the outer edge. Fixed Masf Antenna The fixed mast antenna can withstand most c,ar washes without being damaged. If the mast should ever become sli,ghtly bent, you can straighten it out by band. If the mast is badly bent, as it might be by' vandals, you should replace it. Check every once in a while to be sure the mast fender.

is still tightened to the

Your Driving and the Road

Section

Here you’ll find information about driving on different kinds varying weather conditions . We’ve also included many other useful tips on driving . Defensive Driving .......................................... 4-2 Drunken Driving ........................... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Control of a Vehicle

of roads and in

Braking ................................................ Steering ................................................ Steering Tips ............................................ Passing ............................................... Loss of Control ......................................... Driving Guidelines ......................................... Off-Road Driving With Your Four-wheel Drive Vehicle DrivingatNight ........................................... Driving in the Rain ........................................ CityDriving .............................................. .......................................... Freeway Driving Hill and Mountain Roads .................................... WinterDriving ............................................ Recreational Vehicle Towing (Four-wheel Drive Only) TowingaTrailer ...........................................

4-5 4-8 4-8 4-11 4-12 4-13 .......... 4-13 4-25 4-26 4-28 4-29 4-31 4-33 . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36 4-38

4-1

:c. 1 - -- , .. , - - .

for anything.” On city streets,

Defensive Driving The best advice anyone can give about driving is: Drive defensively, Please start with a very important safety device in your vehicle: Buckle up. (See “Safety Belts” in the Index.) Defensive driving really means “be ready rural roads, or freeways, it means “always expect the unexpected.” Assume that pedestrians or other drivers are going to be careless and make mistakes. Anticipate what they might do. Be ready Rear-end collisions are about the most preventable of accidents. Yet they are common. Allow enough following distance. It’s the best defensive driving maneuver, in both city and rural driving. You never know when the vehicle in front of you is going to brake or turn suddenly. Drunken Driving Death and injury associated with drinking and driving is a national tragedy. It’s the number one contributor to the highway death toll, claiming thousands of victims every year. Alcohol takes away three things that anyone needs to drive a vehicle:

for their mistakes.

Judgment Muscular Coordination Vision

Police records show mar almost half of all motor vehicle-related deaths involve alcohol - a driver, a passenger or someone else, such as a pedestrian, had been drinking. In most cases, these deaths are the result someone who was drinking and driving. About 20,000 motor vehicle-related deaths occur each year because of alcohol, and thousands 01 people are injured. Just how much alcohol is too much if a person plans to drive? Ideally, no if one does, then what’s “too one should drink alcohol and then drive. But much”? It can be a lot less than many might think. Although it depends on each person and situation, here is some.genera1 information on the problem. The Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of someone who is drinking depends upon four things:

of

How much alcohol is in the drink.

0 The drinker’s body weight.

The amount of food that is consumed before and during drinking. The length of time it has taken the drinker to consume the alcohol.

4-2

According to the American Medical Association, a 180-pound (82 kg) person who drinks three 12-ounce (355 ml) bottles of beer in an hour will end up with a BAC of about 0.06 percent. The person would reach the same BAC by drinking three &ounce (120 ml) glasses of wine or three mixed drinks if each had 1-1/2 ounces (45 ml) of a liquor like whiskey, gin or vodka. It’s the amount of alcohol that counts. For example, drank three double martinis (3 ounces or 90 ml of liquor each) within an hour, the person’s BAC would be close to 0.12 percent. A person who consumes food just before or during drinking will have a slightly lower BAC level.

if the s u e person

The law in most U.S. states sets the legal limit at a BAC of 0.10 percent. In Canada the limit is 0.08 percent, and in some other countries it’s lower than that. The BAC will be over 0.10 percent after three to six drinks (in one hour). Of course, as we’ve seen, it depends on how much alcohol is in the drinks, and how quickly the person drinks them.

4-3

“I’ll be carehl” isn’t the right answer. What if there’s an emergency, a need to take sudden action, as when a child darts into the street? A bgher BAC might not be able to react quickly enough to avoid the collision. There’s something else about drinking-and driving that many people don’t know. Medical research shows that alcohol in a person’s system can make crash injuries worse. That’s especially true for brain, spinal cord and heart injuries. That means that if anyone who has been drinking - driver or passenger - is in a crash, the chance of being killed or permanently disabled is higher than if that person had not been drinking. And we’ve already seen that the chance of a crash itself is higher for drinking drivers.

P ~ ~ S O S with a

.~

4-4

Control of a Vehicle you want it to go. You have three systems that make your vehicle go where They are the brakes, the steering and the accelerator. All three systems have to do their work at the places where the tires meet

the road.

Sometimes, as when you’re driving on snow or ice, it’s easy to ask more of those control systems than the tires and road can provide. That means you can lose control of your vehicle. Braking

4-5

Avoid needless heavy braking. Some people drive in spurts - heavy acceleration followed by heavy braking - rather than keeping pace with traffic. This is a mistake. Your brakes may not have time to cool between hard stops. Your brakes will wear out much faster if you do a lot of heavy braking. If you keep pace with the traffic and allow realistic following distances, you will eliminate a lot of unnecessary braking. That means better braking and longer brake life. If your engine ever stops while you’re driving, brake normally but don’t pump your brakes. If you do, the pedal may get harder to push down. your engine stops, you will still have some power brake assist. But you will use it when you brake. Once the power assist is used up, it may take longer to stop and the brake pedal will be harder to push. Anti-Lock Brakes (ABS) Your vehicle has an advanced electronic braking system that can help you keep it under control. If your vehicle has an anti-lock brake system warning light on the instrument panel, it has four-wheel anti-lock brakes. Otherwise, it has rear-wheel anti-lock brakes. When you start a vehicle that has four-wheel anti-lock brakes and begin to drive away, you may hear a momentary motor or clicking noise. This is the ABS system testing itself.

If

Here’s how anti-lock works. Let’s say the road is wet. You’re driving safely. Suddenly an animal jumps out in front of you. You slam on the brakes. Here’s what happens with ABS. A computer senses that wheels are slowing down. With four-wheel anti-lock: If one of the wheels is about to stop rolling, the computer will separately work the brakes at each front wheel and at the rear wheels. The four-wheel anti-lock system can change the brake pressure faster than any

4-6

driver could. With rear-wheel anti-lock: If one of the rear wheels is about to stop rolling, the computer will work the brakes at the rear wheels. The computer is programmed to make the most of available tire and road conditions.

As you brake, your computer keeps receiving updates on wheel speed and controls braking pressure accordingly. Remember: Anti-lock doesn’t change the time you need to get your foot up to the brake pedal. If you get too close to the vehicle in front of you, you won’t have time to apply your brakes if that vehicle suddenly slows or stops. Always leave enough room up ahead to stop, even though you have anti-lock brakes.

To Use Four-wheel Anti-Lock Don’t pump the brakes. Just hold the brake pedal down and let anti-lock work for you. You may feel the brakes vibrate. or you may notice some noise, but this is 1 mal.

To Use Rear-Wheel Anti-Lock Use rear-wheel anti-lock like regular brakes. You may feel the brakes this is vibrate, or you may notice some noise outside your vehicle, but normal. Let anti-lock work for you, but remember: Your Eront wheels can still stop rolling. If that happens, release enough pressure on the brakes to get the wheels rolling again so that you can steer. With the four-wheel drive option, you won’t have rear-wheel anti-lock braking when you shift into four-wheel drive. But you will have regular braking. When you shift back into two-wheel drive, you will have rear-wheel anti-lock again.

4-7

t

Braking in Emergencies At some time, nearly every driver gets into a situation that requires hard braking. The four-wheel anti-lock system lets you steer and brake at the same time. If you have the rear-wheel anti-lock braking system, your front wheels can stop rolling when you brake very hard. Once they do, the vehicle can’t respond to your steering. Momentum will carry it in whatever direction it was headed when the front wheels stopped rolling. That could be off the road, into the very thing you were trying to avoid, or into traffic. So, unless you have four-wheel anti-lock, use a “squeeze” braking technique. This will give you maximum braking while maintaining steering control. You do this by pushing on the brake pedal with steadily increasing pressure. When you do, it will help maintain steering control. In many emergencies, steering can help you more than even the very best braking. Steering Power Steering If you lose power steering assist because the engine stops or the system is not functioning, you can steer but it will take much more effort.

Steering Tips Driving on Curves It’s important to take eurves at a reasonable speed. A lot of the “drrver lost control” accidents mentit- ~~- -- - -~ -1-3 news happen on curves. Here’s why: bxperienced driver or beginner, each of us is subject to the same laws of physics when driving on curves. The traction of the tires against the road surface makes it possible for the vehicle to change its path when you turn the front wheels. If there’s no traction, inertia will keep the vehicle going in the same direction. If you’ve ever tried to steer a vehicle on wet ice, you’ll understand this. of your tires The traction you can get in a curve depends on the condition and the road surface, the angle at which the curve is banked, and your speed. While you’re in a curve, speed is the one factor you can control. you suddenly apply Suppose you’re steering through a sharp curve. Then the brakes. Both control systems - steering and braking - have to do their work where the tires meet the road. Unless you have four-wheel anti-lock brakes, adding the hard braking can demand too much can lose control.

of those places. You

4 -8

The same thing can happen if you’re steering through a sharp curve and you suddenly accelerate. Those two control systems - steering and acceleration - can overwhelm those places where the tires meet the road and make vou lose control. What should you do if this ever happens? Ease up on the brake or accelerator pedal, steer the vehicle the way you want it~to go, and slow down. Speed limit signs near curves warn that you should adjust your speed. Of course, the posted speeds are based on good weather and road conditions. Under less favorable conditions you’ll want to go slower. If you need to reduce your speed as you approach a curve, do it before you enter the curve, while your front wheels are straight ahead. Try to adjust your speed so you can “drive” through the curve. Maintain a reasonable, steady speed. Wait to accelerate until you are out and then accelerate gently into the straightaway.

of the curve,

For

Steering in Emergencies There are times when steering can be more effective than braking. example, you come over a hill and find a truck stopped in your lane, or a car suddenly pulls out from nowhere, or a child darts out from between parked cars and stops right in front of you. You can avoid these problems by braking - if you can stop in time. But sometimes you can’t; there isn’t room. That’s the time for evasive action - steering around the problem. Your Vehicle can perform very well in emergencies like these. First apply your brakes - but, unless you have four-wheel anti-lock, not enough to lock your front wheels. It is better to remove as much speed as you can from a possible collision. Then steer around the problem, to the depending on the space available. An emergency like this requires close attention and a quick decision. are holding the steering wheel at positions, you can turn it a full 180 degrees very quickly without removing either hand. But you have to act straighten the wheel once you have avoided the object.

fast, steer quickly, and just as quickly

the recommended 9 and 3 o’clock

left or right

If you

4-9

is a good reason The fact that such emergenoy situations are always possible to practice defensive driving at all times and wear safety belts properly. Off-Road Recovery You may find sometime that your right wheels have dropped off the edge a road onto the shoulder while you're driving. If the level of the shoulder is only slightly below the pavement, recovery should be fairly easy. Ease off the accelerator and then, if there is nothing in the way, steer so that your vebcle straddles the edge of the pavement. You to 1/4 turn until the right front tire contacts can turn th'e steering wheel up the pavement edge. Theq Qgq your steering wheel to go straight down the roadway.

of

1. Edge of Road

Surface

2. Slow Down 3. Left Approx. Quarter Turn

4. Recover

So here are Some tips for passing:

4-11

, glance over your shoulder, and start your left lane Check your rnlrro change signal before moving out of the right lane to pass. When you are far enough ahead of the passed vehicle to see its front in your inside mirror, activate your right lane change signal and move back into the right lane. (Remember that your right outside mirror is convex. The vehicle you just passed may seem to be farther away from you than really is.)

it

0 Try not to pass more than one vehicle at a time on two-lane roads.

Reconsider before passing the next vehicle. Don’t overtake a slowly moving vehicle too rapidly. Even though brake lights are not flashing, it may be slowing down or starting to turn. If you’re being passed, make it easy for the following driver to get ahead of you. Perhaps you can ease a little to the right.

the

Loss of 0 mo/ Let’s review what driving experts say about what happens when the three control systems (brakes, steering and acceleration) don’t have enough friction where the tires meet the road to do what the driver has asked. In any emergency, don’t give up. Keep trying to steer and constantly seek an escape route or area of less danger. Skidding In a skid, a driver can lose control of the vehicle. Defensive drivers avoid most skids by taking reasonable care suited to existing conditions, and by not “overdriving” those conditions. But skids are always possible. The three types of skids correspond to your Vehicle’s three control systems. In the braking skid your wheels aren’t rolling. skid, too much speed or steering in a curve causes tires to slip and lose comering force. And in the acceleration skid too much throttle causes the driving wheels to spin. A cornering skid and an acceleration skid are best handled by easing your foot off the accelerator pedal. If your vehicle starts to slide, ease your foot off the accelerator pedal and quickly steer the way you want the vehicle to go. If you start steering quickly enough, your vehicle may straighten out. Always be ready for a second skid if it occurs. Of course, traction is reduced when water, snow, ice, gravel, or other material is on the road. For safety, you’ll want to slow down and adjust your driving to these conditions. It is important to slow down on slippery surfaces because stopping distance will be longer and vehicle control more limited.

In the steering or cornering

4-12

. L .

F. ”

to a

While driving on a surrace with reaucea traction, try yo best td sudden steering, acceleration, or braking (including engme braking DY shifting to a lower gear). Any sudden changes could cause the tires to slide. You may not realize the surface is slippery until your vehicle is skidding. Learn to recognize warning clues - such as enough water, ice or packed snow on the road to make a “mirrored surface” - and slow down when you have any doubt. Remember: If you have the four-wheel anti-lock braking system, it helps avoid only the braking skid. The rear-wheel anti-lock braking system helps avoid only a rear braking skid. In a braking skid (where the front wheels are no longer rolling), release enough pressure on the brakes to get the front wheels rolling again. This restores steering control. Push the brake pedal down steadily when you have to stop suddenly. As long as the front wheels are rolling, you will have steering control. Driving Guidelines Off-Road Driving with Your Four-wheel Drive Vehicle This off-road guide is for vehicles that have four-wheel drive. Also, see “Anti-lock Brakes’’ in the Index. If your vehicle doesn’t have four-wheel drive, you shouldn’t drive off-road unless you’re on a level, solid surface. Off-road driving can be great fun. But it does have some definite hazards. The greatest of these is the terrain itself. “Off-roading” means you’ve left the great North American road system behind. Traffic lanes aren’t marked. Curves aren’t banked. There are no road signs. Surfaces can be slippery, rough, uphill or downhill. In short, you’ve gone right back to nature. Off-road driving involves some new skills. And that’s why it’s very important that you read this guide. You’ll find many driving tips and suggestions. These will help make your off-road driving safer and more enjoy able. Before You Go Off-Roading There are some things to do before you go out. For example, be sure to have all necessary maintenance and service work done. Be sure you read all the information about your four-wheel drive vehicle in this manual. Is there enough fuel? Is the spare tire fully inflated? Are the fluid levels up where they should be? What are the local laws that apply to off-roading where you’ll be driving? If you don’t know, you should check with law enforcement people in the area. Will you be on someone’s private land? If so, be sure to get the necessary permission.

4-13

Loading Your Vehide for Off-Road Rriving There are some important things to remember about vehicle.

how to load your

The heaviest things should be on the load floor and forward of your rear axle. Put heavier items as far forward as you cm. Be sure the load is secured properly, so driving on the off-road terrain doesn’t toss things around.

You’ll find other important information in this manual. See “ Vehicle Loading,” and “Tires” in the Index. Traveling to Remote Areas It makes sense to plan your trip, especially when going to a remote area. Know the terrain and plan your route. You are much less likely to get bad surprises. Get accurate maps of trails and terrain. Try to learn of any blocked or closed roads. It’s also a good idea to travel with at least one other vehicle. happens to one of them, the other can help quickly. Does your vehicle have a winch? If so, be sure to read the winch instructions. In a remote area, a winch can be handy you’ll want to know how to use

if you get stuck. But

If something

it properly.

Ge.tting Familiar with Off-Road Driving It’s a good idea to practice in an area that’s safe and close to home before you go into the wilderness. Off-road driving does require some new and different driving skills. Here’s what we mean. Tune your senses to different kinds of signals. Your eyes, for example, need to constantly sweep the terrain for unexpected obstacles. Your ears need to listen for unusual tire or engine sounds. With your arms, hands, feet, and body you’ll need to respond to vibrations and vehicle bounce. control ling^ your vehicle is the key to successful off-road driving. One of the best ways to control your vehicle is to control your speed. Here are some things to keep in mind. At higher speeds:

you approach things faster and you have less time to scan the terrain obstacles. you have less time to react.

for

0 you have more vehicle bounce when you drive over obstacles. 0 you’ll need more distance for braking, especially since you’re on an

unpaved surface.

Scanning the Terrain Off-rdad driving can take you over many different kinds of terrain. You need to be familiar with the terrain and its many different features. Here some things to consider. Sufface Conditions. Off-roading can take you over hard-packed dirt, gravel, rocks, grass, sand, mud, snow or the steering, acceleration, and braking of your vehicle in different ways. Depending upon the kind of surface you are on, you may experience slipping, sliding, wheel spinning, delayed acceleration, poor traction, and longer braking distances.

ice. Each of these surfaces affects

are

4- 15

Surface Obstacles. Unseen or hidden obstacles can be hazardous. A rock, log, hole, rut, or bump can startle you if you’re not prepared for them. Often these obstacles are hidden by grass, bushes, snow or even the rise and fall of the terrain itself. Here are some things to consider:

Is the path ahead clear? Will the surface texture change abruptly up ahead? Does the travel take you uphill or downhill? (There’s more discussion of these subjects later.) Will you have to stop suddenly or change direction quickly?

jerk the wheel

When you drive over obstacles or rough terrain, keep a firm grip on the steering wheel. Ruts, troughs, or other surface features can out of your hands if you’re not prepared. When you drive over bumps, rocks, or other obstacles, your wheels can leave the ground. If this happens, even with one or two wheels, you can’t control the vehicle as well or at all. Because you will be on an unpaved surface, it’s especially important to avoid sudden acceleration, sudden turns, or sudden braking. In a way, off-road driving requires a different kind of alertness from driving on paved roads and highways. There are no road signs, posted speed limits or signal lights. You have to use your own good judgment about what is safe and what isn’t. Drinking and driving can be very dangerous on any road. And this certainly true for off-road driving. At the very time you need special alertness and driving skills, your reflexes, perceptions and judgment can be affected by even a small amount of alcohol. You could have a serious - or even fatal - accident if you drink and drive or ride with a driver who has been drinking. (See “Drunken Driving” in the Index.)

is

4-16.

Driving On Off-Road Hills Off-road driving often takes you up, down, or across a hill. Driving safely on hills requires good judgment and an understanding of what your vehicle can and can’t do. There are some hills that simply can’t be driven, no matter how well built the vehicle.

to decide if it’s one of those hills that’s

Approachiing a Hill When you approach a hill, you need just too steep to climb, descend, or cross. Steepness can be hard to On a very small hill, for example, there may be a smooth, constant incline with only a small change in elevation where you can easily see all the way to the top. On a large hill, the incline may get steeper as you near the top, but you may not see this because the crest of the hill grass, or shrubs. Here are some other things to consider as you approach a hill.

is hidden by bushes,

judge.

0 Is there a constant incline, or does the hill get sharply steeper in places?

Is there good traction on the hillside, or will the surface cause tire slipping? Is there a straight path up or down the hill so you won’t have to make turning maneuvers? Are there obstructions on the hill that can block your path (boulders, trees, logs or ruts)? What’s beyond the hill? Is there a cliff, an embankment, a drop-off, a fence? Get out and walk the hill if you don’t know. It’s the smart way to find out.

0 Is the hill simply too rough? Steep hills often have ruts, gullies, troughs

and exposed rocks because they are more susceptible to the effects of erosion.

4 - 1.7

Driving Uphill Once you decide you can safely drive up the hill, you need to take some special steps.

Use a low gear and get a firm grip on the steering wheel. Get a smooth start up the hill and try to maintain your speed. Don’t use more power than you need, because you don’t want your wheels spinning or sliding. Try to drive straight up the hill if at all possible. If the path twists and turns, you might want to find another route.

to start

Ease up on your speed as you approach the top of the hill. Attach a flag to the vehicle to make you more visible to approaching traffic on trails or hills. Sound the horn as you approach the top of the hill to let opposing traffic know you’re there. Use your headlights even during the day. They make you more visible to oncoming traffic.

. .

4- 18

Q: What should I do if my vehicle stalls, or is about to stall, and I A: If this happens, there are some things you should do, and there are

can’t make it up the hill?

some things you must not do. First, here’s what you should do: Push the brake pedal to stop the vehicle and keep it from rolling backwards. Also, apply the parking brake. If your engine is still running, shift the transmission into reverse, release the parking brake, and slowly back down the hill in reverse. If your engine has stopped running, you’ll need to restart it. With the brake pedal depressed and the parking brake still applied, shift the transmission to “P” (Park) (or, shift to “N” (Neutral) if your vehicle has a manual transmission) and restart the engine. Then, shift to reverse, release the parking brake, and slowly back down the hill as straight possible in reverse.

as

0 As you are backing down the hill, put your left hand on the steering

wheel at the 12 o’clock position. This way, you’ll be able to tell wheels are straight and maneuver as you back down. It’s best that you back down the hill with your wheels straight rather than in right direction. Turning the wheel too increase the possibility of a rollover. Here are some things you must not do if you stall, or are about to stall, when going up a hill.

far to the left or right will

the left or

if your

0 Never attempt to prevent a stall by shifting into “ N ’ (Neutral) (or

depressing the clutch, if you have a manual transmission) to “rev-up” the engine and regain forward momentum. This won’t work. Your vehicle will roll backwards very quickly and you could go out of control. Instead, apply the regular brake to stop the vehicle. Then apply the parking brake. Shift into reverse, release the parking brake, and slowly back straight down.

0 Never attempt to turn around if you are about to stall when going up a hill. If the hill is steep enough to stall your vehicle, it’s steep enough to cause you to roll over if you turn around. If you can’t make it up the hill, you must back straight down the hill.

Q: Suppose, after stalling, I try to back down the hin and decide I just

can’t do it. What should I do?

A: Set the parking brake, put your transmission

in “P’ (Park) (or the

manual transmission in first gear) , and turn off the engine. Leave the of vehicle and go get some help. Exit on the uphill side and stay clear it rolled downhill. Do not shift the the path the vehicle would take if transfer case to “ N ’ (Neutral) when you leave the vehicle. Leave it in some gear.

Driving Downhill When off-roading takes you downhill, you’ll want to consider a number of things:

How steep is the downhill? Will I be able to maintain vehicle control? 0 What’s the surface like? Smooth? Rough? Slippery? Hard-packed dirt?

Gravel? Are there hidden surface obstacles? Ruts? Logs? Boulders? What’s at the bottom of the hill? Is there a hidden creek bank or even a river bottom with large rocks?

If you decide you can go down a hill safely, then try to keep your vehicle headed straight down, and use a low gear. This way, engine drag can help your brakes and they won’t have to do all the work. Descend slowly, keeping your vehicle under control at all times.

4-20

Q : Are ;there some things I should not, do when driving .down a hiIl? A : Yes! These are important because if you ignore them you could lase

control and have a serious accident.

Shift to “P’ (Park) (or to Neutral with the manual transmission) and, while still braking, restart the engine. Shift back to a low gear, release the parking brake, and drive straight down. If the engine won’t start, get out and get help.

4-21

Driving Across an Incline Sooner or later, an off-road trail will probably go across the incline of a hill. If this happens, you have to decide whether to try to drive across the incline. Here are some things to consider:

(I,

A hill that can be driven straight up or down may be too steep to drive across. When you go straight up or down a hill, the length of the wheel base (the distance from the front wheels to the rear wheels) reduces the likelihood the vehicle will tumble end over end. But when you drive across an incline, the much more nmow track width (the distance between the left and right wheels) may not prevent the vehicle from tilting and rolling over. Also, drivirig across an indline puts more weight on the downhill wheels. This could cause a downhil slide or a rollover. Surface conditions can be a problem when you drive across a hill. Loose gravel, muddy spots, or even wet grass can cause your tires to slip sideways, downhill. If the vehicle slips sideways, it can hit something that will trip it (a rock, a rut, etc.) and roll over. Hidden obstacles can make the steepness of the incline even worse. I€ you drive across a rock with the uphill wheels, or if the downhill wheels drop into a rut or depression, your vehicle can tilt even more.

For reasons like these, you need to decide carefully whether to try to drive across an incline. Just because the trail goes across the incline doesn’t mean you have to drive it. The last vehicle to try it might have rolled over.

Q: What if I’m driving across an incline that’s not too steep, but I hit some loose gravel and start to slide dowhhill. What should I do?

A: If you feel your vehicle starting to slide sideways, turn downhill. This should help straighten out the vehicle and prevent the side slipping. However, a much better way to prevent h s is to get out and “walk the course” so you know what the surface is like before you drive it.

4-22

Stalling on an Incline If your vehicle stalls when you’re crossing an incline, be sure you (and your passengers) get out on the uphill side, even if the door there is harder to open. If you get out on the downhill side and the vehicle starts to roll over, you’ll be right in its path. If you have to walk down the slope, stay out of the path the vehicle will take if it does roll over.

Driving In Mud, Sand, Snow, Or Ice When you drive in mud, snow or sand, your wheels won’t get good traction. You can’t accelerate as quickly, turning is more difficult, and you’ll need longer braking distances. It’s best to use a low gear when you’re in mud - the deeper the mud, the lower the gear. In really deep mud, so you don’t get stuck. When you drive on sand, you’ll sense a change in wheel traction. But it will depend upon how loosely packed the sand is. On loosely packed sand (as on beaches or sand dunes) your tires will tend to sink into the sand. This has an effect on steering, accelerating, and braking. You may want to reduce the air pressure in your tires slightly when driving on sand. This will improve traction.

the idea is to keep your vehicle moving

4-23

Hard packed snow and ice offer the worst tire traction. On these surfaces, it’s very easy to lase control. On wet ice, for example, the traction is so poor if you do get moving, poor that you will have difficulty accelerating. And steering and difficult braking can cause you to slide out

of control.

is before you drive through it. If it’s deep

Driving In Water Light rain causes no special off-road driving problems. But heavy rain can mean flash flooding, and flood waters demand extreme caution. Find out haw deep the water enough to cover your wheel hubs, axles, or exhaust pipe, don’t probably won’t get through. Also, water that deep can damage your axle and other vehicle parts. If the water isn’t too deep, then drive through it slowly. At fast speeds, water splashes on your ignition system and your vehicle can stall. Stalling can also occur if you get your tailpipe under water. And, as long as your tailpipe is under water, you’ll never be able to start your engine. When you go through water, remember that when vour brakes get wet, it mav take you longer to stop.

try it - you

..

C .

4-24

After Off-Road Driving Remove any brush or debris that has collected on the underbody, chassis or under the hood. These accumulations can be a fire hazard. After operation in mud or sand, have the brake linings cleaned and checked. These substances can cause glazing and uneven braking. Check the body structure, steering, suspension, wheels, tires, and exhaust system for damage. Also, check the fuel lines and cooling system for any leakage. Your vehicle will require more frequent service due to off-road use. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule booklet for additional information. Driving at Night

Night driving is more dangerous than day driving. 0 ne reason is that some drivers are likely to be impaired - by alcohol or drugs, with night vision problems, or by fatigue. Here are some tips on night driving.

Drive defensively.

0 Don’t drink and drive. 0 Adjust your inside rearview mirror to reduce the glare from ndlights

behind you.

0 Since you can’t see as well, you may need to slow down and keep more

space between you and other vehicles.

0 Slow down, especially on higher speed roads. Your headlights can light

up only so much road ahead.

0 In remote areas, watch for animals.

If you’re tired, pull off the road in a safe place and rest.

4-25

I’ I

--

the daytime. But as we get older these

Night Vision No one can see as well at night as in differences increase. A 50-year4d driver may require at least twice as much light to see the same thing at night as a 20-year-old. What you do in the daytime can also affect your night vision. For example, if you spend the day in bright sunshine you are wise to wear sunglasses. Your eyes will have less trouble adjusting to night. But if you’re driving, don’t wear sunglasses at night. They may cut down on glare from headlights, but they also make a lot of things invisible. You can be temporarily blinded by approaching lights. It can take a second or two, or even several seconds, for your eyes to readjust to the dark. When you are faced with severe glare (as from a driver who doesn’t lower the high beam, or a vehicle with misaimed headlights), slow down a little. Avoid staring directly into the approaching lights. Keep your windshield and all the glass on your vehicle clean - inside and out. Glare at night is made much worse by dirt on the glass. Even the inside of the glass can build up a film caused by dust. Dirty glass makes lights dazzle and flash more than clean .glass would, making the pupils of your eyes contract repeatedly. Remember that your headlights light up far less of a roadway when you are in a turn or curve. Keep your eyes moving; that way, it’s easier to pick out dimly lighted objects. Just as your headlights should be checked regularly for proper aim, so should your eyes be examined regularly. Some drivers suffer from night blindness - the inability to see in dim light - and aren’t even aware of it. Driving in the Rain

Rain and wet roads can mean driving trouble. On a wet road you can’t stop, accelerate or turn as well because your tire-to-road traction isn’t as good as on dry roads. And, if your tires don’t have much tread left, you’ll get even

4-26

less traction. It’s always wise to go slower and be cautious if rain starts to fall while you are driving. The surface may get wet suddenly when your reflexes are tuned for driving on dry pavement. The heavier the rain, the harder it is to see. Even if your windshield wiper blades are in good shape, a heavy rain can make it harder to see road signs and traffic signals, pavement markings, the edge of the road, and even people walking. It’s wise to keep your wiping equipment in good shape and keep your windshield washer tank filled. Replace your windshield wiper inserts when they show signs of streaking or missing areas on the windshield, or when strips of rubber start to separate from the inserts.

Driving too fast through large water puddles or even going through some car washes can cause problems, too. The water may affect your brakes. Try to avoid puddles. But if you can’t, try to slow down before you hit them.

Hydroplaning Hydroplaning is dangerous. So much water can build up under your tires that they can actually ride on the water. This can happen if the road is wet enough and you’re going fast enough. When your vehicle is hydroplaning, it has little or no contact with the road.

4-27

if your tires haven’t much if a lot of water

Hydroplaning doesn’t happen often. But it can tread or if the pressure in one or more is low. It can happen is standing on the road. If you can see reflections from trees, telephone poles, or other vehicles, and raindrops “dimple” the water’s surface, there could be hydroplaning. Hydroplaning usually happens at higher speeds. There fast rule about hydroplaning. The best advice raining.

is to slow down when it is

just isn’t a hard and

Some Other Rainy Weather Tips 0 Turn on your low-beam headlights - not just your parking lights - to

help make you more visible to others. Besides slowing down, allow some extra following distance. And be especially careful when you pass another vehicle. Allow yourself more clear room ahead, and be prepared to have your view restricted by road spray. Have good tires with proper tread depth. (See “Tires” in the Index.)

City Driving

One of the biggest problems with city streets is them. You’ll want to watch out for what the other drivers are doing and pay attention to traffic signals. Here are ways to increase your safety in city driving:

the amount of traffic on

Know the best way to get to where you are going. Get a city map and