1994 Chevrolet S10 Owners Manual

station and stop. SCAN When you press SCAN, the radio will go to the next station and pause, and will keep scanning until you press SCAN again. SC will be displayed when using this control. Pushbuttons The five pushbuttons let you return to favorite stations. They are also used when you play a disc. (See “To Play A Compact Disc”.) To set the pushbuttons for up to ten favorite stations (5 AM and 5 FM):

Tune in the desired station. Push the SET button. (SET is displayed briefly.) Within 5 seconds, push one of the five pushbuttons to store the station. Whenever you press that button, the preset station will return.

Clock To set the clock, just:

Press the SET button. The radio may be on or off. Within 5 seconds, press and hold either SEEK minutes or 4 SEEK to decrease the minutes until the correct minute appears on the display. Press and hold SCAN until the correct hour appears on the display.

to increase the

RCL Press the RCL button to alternate between time and radio station on the display. RCL may be pressed when the ignition is off to see the time. Press the BASSI to increase the bass tones and v BASS to decrease bass BASS

tones. Press the center of the control for a preset BASS position. The bass level will be displayed briefly when using this control. TREBLE

Press the TREBA to increase the treble tones and v TREB to decrease the

treble tones. Press the center of the control for a preset TREB position. The treble level will be displayed briefly when using this control.

3-18

- \

.. . R’ -,

To PIay A Compact Disc (CD)

NOTI( :: I Before you Degin, please note: DO NOT use mini-discs that are called singles. They won’t eject. USE FULL-SIZE COMPACT DISCS. If the disc player is very hot, or if you’re driving on a very rough road, a disc may come out or just not play. If you see the word HOT on the display, the disc player is too hot to play the disc. go off the display. When Press RCL to make the word HOT things get back to normal, the disc should play again. Press PWR to turn the system on.

Insert a disc partway into the slot, label side up. The player will pull it in. Wait a few seconds and the disc should play. If the disc comes back out, check whether:

The disc is upside down. It is dirty, scratched, or wet.

0 Too much moisture i s in the air. (If there is, wait about one hour and try

again.)

RCL Press RCL to see what track is playing. Press it again within 5 seconds to see how long it has been playing. The track number also appears when you change the volume or when a new track starts to play. COMP Press the COMP button to make soft and loud passages more nearly equal in volume. COMP appears in the display while using this command. RDM The RDM button means random and when it is pressed, it causes the CD mechanism to play the tracks in a random order rather than in the sequential 1,2, 3 order. REV Press and hold the REV button to quickly return to a favorite passage. The counter reading will be displayed when using this control. FWD Press and hold the FWD button to advance quickly within a track. Release it to resume playing. Watch the display to stop at a specific passage.

SCAN Press SCAN to sample each track for approximately 10 seconds. Scanning will continue until the RDM, SCAN or any other motion button is pressed again. PREV If you hold the PREV (4 SEEK) button, or press it more than once, the disc will return to previous tracks. NEXT Press NEXT (SEEK b) to hear the next track now instead of waiting until the present track is finished. If you hold this button or press it more than once, the disc will advance further. ST-PL Press ST-PL (Stop-Play) to make the disc stop and the radio play. Press ST-PL again to restart the disc at the point where Press PWR or turn the ignition key off to stop the disc player. The disc stays in the player and will resume playing at the point where it stopped. Press EJCT to eject the disc and make the radio play. The disc will start at track 1 when you reinsert it. Anti-Theft Feature Delco LOC 11’ It can be used or ignored. If ignored, the. system plays normally. If it is used, your player won’t be usable if it is ever stolen, because it won’t turn on. The instructions below tell you how to enter a secret code into the system. If your car loses battery power for any reason, you must unlock the system with the secret code before the radio will turn on.

is an Anti-Theft feature for the compact disc player.

it stopped.

To Lock The System: 1. Write down any 6 digit number and keep it in a safe place. 2. Turn the ignition to the ACC (Accessory) or RUNposition. 3. Press the PWR button to turn the radio off. 4. Press the 1 and 4 buttons together. Hold them down until “- - -” shows

on the display. You are now ready to enter your - ;ret code. Don’t wait more than 15 seconds between steps.

5. rress SET and 000 will appear on the display. 6. Press the SEEK b or 4 button to make the first number appear. 7. Press SCAN to make the last two numbers agree with your code.

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I-

- ... .. . t-

8, Press BAND and 000 will appear again. Now you are ready to enter the

last three digits of your code.

9. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the last three digits of your code. 10. Press BAND and rEP will appear for 5 seconds and then 000 will

appear.

11. Repeat steps 6 through 10. This time SEC will appear-indicating that

the radio is secure.

To Unlock The System After A Fower Loss When battery power is reapplied to a secured radio, the radio won’t turn on and LOC will appear on the display. Enter your secret code as follows: pause no more than 15 seconds between steps. 1. Turn the ignition on. (Radio off .) 2. Depress the SET button. The display will show 009. 3. Enter the six digits of the code following steps 6-9 above. The display

will show the numbers as entered.

4. Depress the BAND knob and the time appears - indicating that the disabling sequence was successful. If the display indicates SEC, the numbers did not match and the unit is still secured.

Disabling The Theft System 1. Depress presets 1 and 4 f?r 5 seconds with ignition on and radio power

off. The display will show SEC, indicating the unit is in the secure mode.

2. Depress the SET button. The display will show 000. 3. Enter the first three digits of the code following steps 6 and 7 of the preceding paragraphs. The display will show the numbers as entered.

numbers as entered.

4. Depress the BAND knob. The radio will display 000. 5. Enter the second three digits of the code. The display will L-- JW the 6. Depress the BAND knob. If the display shows “- - - ”, the disabling sequence was successful. The numbers matched the user-selected code or the factory back-up code, and the unit is in the UNSECURED mode. If the display shows SEC, the disabling sequence was unsuccessful and the numbers did not match either of the codes and the unit will remain in the SECURED mode.

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Care of Your Compact Discs Handle discs carefully. Store them in their original cases or other protective cases and away from direct sunlight and dust. soiled, dampen a clean, soft cloth in a mild, neutral detergent solution and clean it, wiping from the center to the edge.

If the surface of a disc is

Be sure never ta touch the signal surface when handling discs. Pick up discs by grasping the outer edges or the edge of the. hole and the outer edge. Fixed Masf Antenna The fixed mast antenna can withstand most c,ar washes without being damaged. If the mast should ever become sli,ghtly bent, you can straighten it out by band. If the mast is badly bent, as it might be by' vandals, you should replace it. Check every once in a while to be sure the mast fender.

is still tightened to the

Your Driving and the Road

Section

Here you’ll find information about driving on different kinds varying weather conditions . We’ve also included many other useful tips on driving . Defensive Driving .......................................... 4-2 Drunken Driving ........................... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Control of a Vehicle

of roads and in

Braking ................................................ Steering ................................................ Steering Tips ............................................ Passing ............................................... Loss of Control ......................................... Driving Guidelines ......................................... Off-Road Driving With Your Four-wheel Drive Vehicle DrivingatNight ........................................... Driving in the Rain ........................................ CityDriving .............................................. .......................................... Freeway Driving Hill and Mountain Roads .................................... WinterDriving ............................................ Recreational Vehicle Towing (Four-wheel Drive Only) TowingaTrailer ...........................................

4-5 4-8 4-8 4-11 4-12 4-13 .......... 4-13 4-25 4-26 4-28 4-29 4-31 4-33 . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36 4-38

4-1

:c. 1 - -- , .. , - - .

for anything.” On city streets,

Defensive Driving The best advice anyone can give about driving is: Drive defensively, Please start with a very important safety device in your vehicle: Buckle up. (See “Safety Belts” in the Index.) Defensive driving really means “be ready rural roads, or freeways, it means “always expect the unexpected.” Assume that pedestrians or other drivers are going to be careless and make mistakes. Anticipate what they might do. Be ready Rear-end collisions are about the most preventable of accidents. Yet they are common. Allow enough following distance. It’s the best defensive driving maneuver, in both city and rural driving. You never know when the vehicle in front of you is going to brake or turn suddenly. Drunken Driving Death and injury associated with drinking and driving is a national tragedy. It’s the number one contributor to the highway death toll, claiming thousands of victims every year. Alcohol takes away three things that anyone needs to drive a vehicle:

for their mistakes.

Judgment Muscular Coordination Vision

Police records show mar almost half of all motor vehicle-related deaths involve alcohol - a driver, a passenger or someone else, such as a pedestrian, had been drinking. In most cases, these deaths are the result someone who was drinking and driving. About 20,000 motor vehicle-related deaths occur each year because of alcohol, and thousands 01 people are injured. Just how much alcohol is too much if a person plans to drive? Ideally, no if one does, then what’s “too one should drink alcohol and then drive. But much”? It can be a lot less than many might think. Although it depends on each person and situation, here is some.genera1 information on the problem. The Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of someone who is drinking depends upon four things:

of

How much alcohol is in the drink.

0 The drinker’s body weight.

The amount of food that is consumed before and during drinking. The length of time it has taken the drinker to consume the alcohol.

4-2

According to the American Medical Association, a 180-pound (82 kg) person who drinks three 12-ounce (355 ml) bottles of beer in an hour will end up with a BAC of about 0.06 percent. The person would reach the same BAC by drinking three &ounce (120 ml) glasses of wine or three mixed drinks if each had 1-1/2 ounces (45 ml) of a liquor like whiskey, gin or vodka. It’s the amount of alcohol that counts. For example, drank three double martinis (3 ounces or 90 ml of liquor each) within an hour, the person’s BAC would be close to 0.12 percent. A person who consumes food just before or during drinking will have a slightly lower BAC level.

if the s u e person

The law in most U.S. states sets the legal limit at a BAC of 0.10 percent. In Canada the limit is 0.08 percent, and in some other countries it’s lower than that. The BAC will be over 0.10 percent after three to six drinks (in one hour). Of course, as we’ve seen, it depends on how much alcohol is in the drinks, and how quickly the person drinks them.

4-3

“I’ll be carehl” isn’t the right answer. What if there’s an emergency, a need to take sudden action, as when a child darts into the street? A bgher BAC might not be able to react quickly enough to avoid the collision. There’s something else about drinking-and driving that many people don’t know. Medical research shows that alcohol in a person’s system can make crash injuries worse. That’s especially true for brain, spinal cord and heart injuries. That means that if anyone who has been drinking - driver or passenger - is in a crash, the chance of being killed or permanently disabled is higher than if that person had not been drinking. And we’ve already seen that the chance of a crash itself is higher for drinking drivers.

P ~ ~ S O S with a

.~

4-4

Control of a Vehicle you want it to go. You have three systems that make your vehicle go where They are the brakes, the steering and the accelerator. All three systems have to do their work at the places where the tires meet

the road.

Sometimes, as when you’re driving on snow or ice, it’s easy to ask more of those control systems than the tires and road can provide. That means you can lose control of your vehicle. Braking

4-5

Avoid needless heavy braking. Some people drive in spurts - heavy acceleration followed by heavy braking - rather than keeping pace with traffic. This is a mistake. Your brakes may not have time to cool between hard stops. Your brakes will wear out much faster if you do a lot of heavy braking. If you keep pace with the traffic and allow realistic following distances, you will eliminate a lot of unnecessary braking. That means better braking and longer brake life. If your engine ever stops while you’re driving, brake normally but don’t pump your brakes. If you do, the pedal may get harder to push down. your engine stops, you will still have some power brake assist. But you will use it when you brake. Once the power assist is used up, it may take longer to stop and the brake pedal will be harder to push. Anti-Lock Brakes (ABS) Your vehicle has an advanced electronic braking system that can help you keep it under control. If your vehicle has an anti-lock brake system warning light on the instrument panel, it has four-wheel anti-lock brakes. Otherwise, it has rear-wheel anti-lock brakes. When you start a vehicle that has four-wheel anti-lock brakes and begin to drive away, you may hear a momentary motor or clicking noise. This is the ABS system testing itself.

If

Here’s how anti-lock works. Let’s say the road is wet. You’re driving safely. Suddenly an animal jumps out in front of you. You slam on the brakes. Here’s what happens with ABS. A computer senses that wheels are slowing down. With four-wheel anti-lock: If one of the wheels is about to stop rolling, the computer will separately work the brakes at each front wheel and at the rear wheels. The four-wheel anti-lock system can change the brake pressure faster than any

4-6

driver could. With rear-wheel anti-lock: If one of the rear wheels is about to stop rolling, the computer will work the brakes at the rear wheels. The computer is programmed to make the most of available tire and road conditions.

As you brake, your computer keeps receiving updates on wheel speed and controls braking pressure accordingly. Remember: Anti-lock doesn’t change the time you need to get your foot up to the brake pedal. If you get too close to the vehicle in front of you, you won’t have time to apply your brakes if that vehicle suddenly slows or stops. Always leave enough room up ahead to stop, even though you have anti-lock brakes.

To Use Four-wheel Anti-Lock Don’t pump the brakes. Just hold the brake pedal down and let anti-lock work for you. You may feel the brakes vibrate. or you may notice some noise, but this is 1 mal.

To Use Rear-Wheel Anti-Lock Use rear-wheel anti-lock like regular brakes. You may feel the brakes this is vibrate, or you may notice some noise outside your vehicle, but normal. Let anti-lock work for you, but remember: Your Eront wheels can still stop rolling. If that happens, release enough pressure on the brakes to get the wheels rolling again so that you can steer. With the four-wheel drive option, you won’t have rear-wheel anti-lock braking when you shift into four-wheel drive. But you will have regular braking. When you shift back into two-wheel drive, you will have rear-wheel anti-lock again.

4-7

t

Braking in Emergencies At some time, nearly every driver gets into a situation that requires hard braking. The four-wheel anti-lock system lets you steer and brake at the same time. If you have the rear-wheel anti-lock braking system, your front wheels can stop rolling when you brake very hard. Once they do, the vehicle can’t respond to your steering. Momentum will carry it in whatever direction it was headed when the front wheels stopped rolling. That could be off the road, into the very thing you were trying to avoid, or into traffic. So, unless you have four-wheel anti-lock, use a “squeeze” braking technique. This will give you maximum braking while maintaining steering control. You do this by pushing on the brake pedal with steadily increasing pressure. When you do, it will help maintain steering control. In many emergencies, steering can help you more than even the very best braking. Steering Power Steering If you lose power steering assist because the engine stops or the system is not functioning, you can steer but it will take much more effort.

Steering Tips Driving on Curves It’s important to take eurves at a reasonable speed. A lot of the “drrver lost control” accidents mentit- ~~- -- - -~ -1-3 news happen on curves. Here’s why: bxperienced driver or beginner, each of us is subject to the same laws of physics when driving on curves. The traction of the tires against the road surface makes it possible for the vehicle to change its path when you turn the front wheels. If there’s no traction, inertia will keep the vehicle going in the same direction. If you’ve ever tried to steer a vehicle on wet ice, you’ll understand this. of your tires The traction you can get in a curve depends on the condition and the road surface, the angle at which the curve is banked, and your speed. While you’re in a curve, speed is the one factor you can control. you suddenly apply Suppose you’re steering through a sharp curve. Then the brakes. Both control systems - steering and braking - have to do their work where the tires meet the road. Unless you have four-wheel anti-lock brakes, adding the hard braking can demand too much can lose control.

of those places. You

4 -8

The same thing can happen if you’re steering through a sharp curve and you suddenly accelerate. Those two control systems - steering and acceleration - can overwhelm those places where the tires meet the road and make vou lose control. What should you do if this ever happens? Ease up on the brake or accelerator pedal, steer the vehicle the way you want it~to go, and slow down. Speed limit signs near curves warn that you should adjust your speed. Of course, the posted speeds are based on good weather and road conditions. Under less favorable conditions you’ll want to go slower. If you need to reduce your speed as you approach a curve, do it before you enter the curve, while your front wheels are straight ahead. Try to adjust your speed so you can “drive” through the curve. Maintain a reasonable, steady speed. Wait to accelerate until you are out and then accelerate gently into the straightaway.

of the curve,

For

Steering in Emergencies There are times when steering can be more effective than braking. example, you come over a hill and find a truck stopped in your lane, or a car suddenly pulls out from nowhere, or a child darts out from between parked cars and stops right in front of you. You can avoid these problems by braking - if you can stop in time. But sometimes you can’t; there isn’t room. That’s the time for evasive action - steering around the problem. Your Vehicle can perform very well in emergencies like these. First apply your brakes - but, unless you have four-wheel anti-lock, not enough to lock your front wheels. It is better to remove as much speed as you can from a possible collision. Then steer around the problem, to the depending on the space available. An emergency like this requires close attention and a quick decision. are holding the steering wheel at positions, you can turn it a full 180 degrees very quickly without removing either hand. But you have to act straighten the wheel once you have avoided the object.

fast, steer quickly, and just as quickly

the recommended 9 and 3 o’clock

left or right

If you

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is a good reason The fact that such emergenoy situations are always possible to practice defensive driving at all times and wear safety belts properly. Off-Road Recovery You may find sometime that your right wheels have dropped off the edge a road onto the shoulder while you're driving. If the level of the shoulder is only slightly below the pavement, recovery should be fairly easy. Ease off the accelerator and then, if there is nothing in the way, steer so that your vebcle straddles the edge of the pavement. You to 1/4 turn until the right front tire contacts can turn th'e steering wheel up the pavement edge. Theq Qgq your steering wheel to go straight down the roadway.

of

1. Edge of Road

Surface

2. Slow Down 3. Left Approx. Quarter Turn

4. Recover

So here are Some tips for passing:

4-11

, glance over your shoulder, and start your left lane Check your rnlrro change signal before moving out of the right lane to pass. When you are far enough ahead of the passed vehicle to see its front in your inside mirror, activate your right lane change signal and move back into the right lane. (Remember that your right outside mirror is convex. The vehicle you just passed may seem to be farther away from you than really is.)

it

0 Try not to pass more than one vehicle at a time on two-lane roads.

Reconsider before passing the next vehicle. Don’t overtake a slowly moving vehicle too rapidly. Even though brake lights are not flashing, it may be slowing down or starting to turn. If you’re being passed, make it easy for the following driver to get ahead of you. Perhaps you can ease a little to the right.

the

Loss of 0 mo/ Let’s review what driving experts say about what happens when the three control systems (brakes, steering and acceleration) don’t have enough friction where the tires meet the road to do what the driver has asked. In any emergency, don’t give up. Keep trying to steer and constantly seek an escape route or area of less danger. Skidding In a skid, a driver can lose control of the vehicle. Defensive drivers avoid most skids by taking reasonable care suited to existing conditions, and by not “overdriving” those conditions. But skids are always possible. The three types of skids correspond to your Vehicle’s three control systems. In the braking skid your wheels aren’t rolling. skid, too much speed or steering in a curve causes tires to slip and lose comering force. And in the acceleration skid too much throttle causes the driving wheels to spin. A cornering skid and an acceleration skid are best handled by easing your foot off the accelerator pedal. If your vehicle starts to slide, ease your foot off the accelerator pedal and quickly steer the way you want the vehicle to go. If you start steering quickly enough, your vehicle may straighten out. Always be ready for a second skid if it occurs. Of course, traction is reduced when water, snow, ice, gravel, or other material is on the road. For safety, you’ll want to slow down and adjust your driving to these conditions. It is important to slow down on slippery surfaces because stopping distance will be longer and vehicle control more limited.

In the steering or cornering

4-12

. L .

F. ”

to a

While driving on a surrace with reaucea traction, try yo best td sudden steering, acceleration, or braking (including engme braking DY shifting to a lower gear). Any sudden changes could cause the tires to slide. You may not realize the surface is slippery until your vehicle is skidding. Learn to recognize warning clues - such as enough water, ice or packed snow on the road to make a “mirrored surface” - and slow down when you have any doubt. Remember: If you have the four-wheel anti-lock braking system, it helps avoid only the braking skid. The rear-wheel anti-lock braking system helps avoid only a rear braking skid. In a braking skid (where the front wheels are no longer rolling), release enough pressure on the brakes to get the front wheels rolling again. This restores steering control. Push the brake pedal down steadily when you have to stop suddenly. As long as the front wheels are rolling, you will have steering control. Driving Guidelines Off-Road Driving with Your Four-wheel Drive Vehicle This off-road guide is for vehicles that have four-wheel drive. Also, see “Anti-lock Brakes’’ in the Index. If your vehicle doesn’t have four-wheel drive, you shouldn’t drive off-road unless you’re on a level, solid surface. Off-road driving can be great fun. But it does have some definite hazards. The greatest of these is the terrain itself. “Off-roading” means you’ve left the great North American road system behind. Traffic lanes aren’t marked. Curves aren’t banked. There are no road signs. Surfaces can be slippery, rough, uphill or downhill. In short, you’ve gone right back to nature. Off-road driving involves some new skills. And that’s why it’s very important that you read this guide. You’ll find many driving tips and suggestions. These will help make your off-road driving safer and more enjoy able. Before You Go Off-Roading There are some things to do before you go out. For example, be sure to have all necessary maintenance and service work done. Be sure you read all the information about your four-wheel drive vehicle in this manual. Is there enough fuel? Is the spare tire fully inflated? Are the fluid levels up where they should be? What are the local laws that apply to off-roading where you’ll be driving? If you don’t know, you should check with law enforcement people in the area. Will you be on someone’s private land? If so, be sure to get the necessary permission.

4-13

Loading Your Vehide for Off-Road Rriving There are some important things to remember about vehicle.

how to load your

The heaviest things should be on the load floor and forward of your rear axle. Put heavier items as far forward as you cm. Be sure the load is secured properly, so driving on the off-road terrain doesn’t toss things around.

You’ll find other important information in this manual. See “ Vehicle Loading,” and “Tires” in the Index. Traveling to Remote Areas It makes sense to plan your trip, especially when going to a remote area. Know the terrain and plan your route. You are much less likely to get bad surprises. Get accurate maps of trails and terrain. Try to learn of any blocked or closed roads. It’s also a good idea to travel with at least one other vehicle. happens to one of them, the other can help quickly. Does your vehicle have a winch? If so, be sure to read the winch instructions. In a remote area, a winch can be handy you’ll want to know how to use

if you get stuck. But

If something

it properly.

Ge.tting Familiar with Off-Road Driving It’s a good idea to practice in an area that’s safe and close to home before you go into the wilderness. Off-road driving does require some new and different driving skills. Here’s what we mean. Tune your senses to different kinds of signals. Your eyes, for example, need to constantly sweep the terrain for unexpected obstacles. Your ears need to listen for unusual tire or engine sounds. With your arms, hands, feet, and body you’ll need to respond to vibrations and vehicle bounce. control ling^ your vehicle is the key to successful off-road driving. One of the best ways to control your vehicle is to control your speed. Here are some things to keep in mind. At higher speeds:

you approach things faster and you have less time to scan the terrain obstacles. you have less time to react.

for

0 you have more vehicle bounce when you drive over obstacles. 0 you’ll need more distance for braking, especially since you’re on an

unpaved surface.

Scanning the Terrain Off-rdad driving can take you over many different kinds of terrain. You need to be familiar with the terrain and its many different features. Here some things to consider. Sufface Conditions. Off-roading can take you over hard-packed dirt, gravel, rocks, grass, sand, mud, snow or the steering, acceleration, and braking of your vehicle in different ways. Depending upon the kind of surface you are on, you may experience slipping, sliding, wheel spinning, delayed acceleration, poor traction, and longer braking distances.

ice. Each of these surfaces affects

are

4- 15

Surface Obstacles. Unseen or hidden obstacles can be hazardous. A rock, log, hole, rut, or bump can startle you if you’re not prepared for them. Often these obstacles are hidden by grass, bushes, snow or even the rise and fall of the terrain itself. Here are some things to consider:

Is the path ahead clear? Will the surface texture change abruptly up ahead? Does the travel take you uphill or downhill? (There’s more discussion of these subjects later.) Will you have to stop suddenly or change direction quickly?

jerk the wheel

When you drive over obstacles or rough terrain, keep a firm grip on the steering wheel. Ruts, troughs, or other surface features can out of your hands if you’re not prepared. When you drive over bumps, rocks, or other obstacles, your wheels can leave the ground. If this happens, even with one or two wheels, you can’t control the vehicle as well or at all. Because you will be on an unpaved surface, it’s especially important to avoid sudden acceleration, sudden turns, or sudden braking. In a way, off-road driving requires a different kind of alertness from driving on paved roads and highways. There are no road signs, posted speed limits or signal lights. You have to use your own good judgment about what is safe and what isn’t. Drinking and driving can be very dangerous on any road. And this certainly true for off-road driving. At the very time you need special alertness and driving skills, your reflexes, perceptions and judgment can be affected by even a small amount of alcohol. You could have a serious - or even fatal - accident if you drink and drive or ride with a driver who has been drinking. (See “Drunken Driving” in the Index.)

is

4-16.

Driving On Off-Road Hills Off-road driving often takes you up, down, or across a hill. Driving safely on hills requires good judgment and an understanding of what your vehicle can and can’t do. There are some hills that simply can’t be driven, no matter how well built the vehicle.

to decide if it’s one of those hills that’s

Approachiing a Hill When you approach a hill, you need just too steep to climb, descend, or cross. Steepness can be hard to On a very small hill, for example, there may be a smooth, constant incline with only a small change in elevation where you can easily see all the way to the top. On a large hill, the incline may get steeper as you near the top, but you may not see this because the crest of the hill grass, or shrubs. Here are some other things to consider as you approach a hill.

is hidden by bushes,

judge.

0 Is there a constant incline, or does the hill get sharply steeper in places?

Is there good traction on the hillside, or will the surface cause tire slipping? Is there a straight path up or down the hill so you won’t have to make turning maneuvers? Are there obstructions on the hill that can block your path (boulders, trees, logs or ruts)? What’s beyond the hill? Is there a cliff, an embankment, a drop-off, a fence? Get out and walk the hill if you don’t know. It’s the smart way to find out.

0 Is the hill simply too rough? Steep hills often have ruts, gullies, troughs

and exposed rocks because they are more susceptible to the effects of erosion.

4 - 1.7

Driving Uphill Once you decide you can safely drive up the hill, you need to take some special steps.

Use a low gear and get a firm grip on the steering wheel. Get a smooth start up the hill and try to maintain your speed. Don’t use more power than you need, because you don’t want your wheels spinning or sliding. Try to drive straight up the hill if at all possible. If the path twists and turns, you might want to find another route.

to start

Ease up on your speed as you approach the top of the hill. Attach a flag to the vehicle to make you more visible to approaching traffic on trails or hills. Sound the horn as you approach the top of the hill to let opposing traffic know you’re there. Use your headlights even during the day. They make you more visible to oncoming traffic.

. .

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Q: What should I do if my vehicle stalls, or is about to stall, and I A: If this happens, there are some things you should do, and there are

can’t make it up the hill?

some things you must not do. First, here’s what you should do: Push the brake pedal to stop the vehicle and keep it from rolling backwards. Also, apply the parking brake. If your engine is still running, shift the transmission into reverse, release the parking brake, and slowly back down the hill in reverse. If your engine has stopped running, you’ll need to restart it. With the brake pedal depressed and the parking brake still applied, shift the transmission to “P” (Park) (or, shift to “N” (Neutral) if your vehicle has a manual transmission) and restart the engine. Then, shift to reverse, release the parking brake, and slowly back down the hill as straight possible in reverse.

as

0 As you are backing down the hill, put your left hand on the steering

wheel at the 12 o’clock position. This way, you’ll be able to tell wheels are straight and maneuver as you back down. It’s best that you back down the hill with your wheels straight rather than in right direction. Turning the wheel too increase the possibility of a rollover. Here are some things you must not do if you stall, or are about to stall, when going up a hill.

far to the left or right will

the left or

if your

0 Never attempt to prevent a stall by shifting into “ N ’ (Neutral) (or

depressing the clutch, if you have a manual transmission) to “rev-up” the engine and regain forward momentum. This won’t work. Your vehicle will roll backwards very quickly and you could go out of control. Instead, apply the regular brake to stop the vehicle. Then apply the parking brake. Shift into reverse, release the parking brake, and slowly back straight down.

0 Never attempt to turn around if you are about to stall when going up a hill. If the hill is steep enough to stall your vehicle, it’s steep enough to cause you to roll over if you turn around. If you can’t make it up the hill, you must back straight down the hill.

Q: Suppose, after stalling, I try to back down the hin and decide I just

can’t do it. What should I do?

A: Set the parking brake, put your transmission

in “P’ (Park) (or the

manual transmission in first gear) , and turn off the engine. Leave the of vehicle and go get some help. Exit on the uphill side and stay clear it rolled downhill. Do not shift the the path the vehicle would take if transfer case to “ N ’ (Neutral) when you leave the vehicle. Leave it in some gear.

Driving Downhill When off-roading takes you downhill, you’ll want to consider a number of things:

How steep is the downhill? Will I be able to maintain vehicle control? 0 What’s the surface like? Smooth? Rough? Slippery? Hard-packed dirt?

Gravel? Are there hidden surface obstacles? Ruts? Logs? Boulders? What’s at the bottom of the hill? Is there a hidden creek bank or even a river bottom with large rocks?

If you decide you can go down a hill safely, then try to keep your vehicle headed straight down, and use a low gear. This way, engine drag can help your brakes and they won’t have to do all the work. Descend slowly, keeping your vehicle under control at all times.

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Q : Are ;there some things I should not, do when driving .down a hiIl? A : Yes! These are important because if you ignore them you could lase

control and have a serious accident.

Shift to “P’ (Park) (or to Neutral with the manual transmission) and, while still braking, restart the engine. Shift back to a low gear, release the parking brake, and drive straight down. If the engine won’t start, get out and get help.

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Driving Across an Incline Sooner or later, an off-road trail will probably go across the incline of a hill. If this happens, you have to decide whether to try to drive across the incline. Here are some things to consider:

(I,

A hill that can be driven straight up or down may be too steep to drive across. When you go straight up or down a hill, the length of the wheel base (the distance from the front wheels to the rear wheels) reduces the likelihood the vehicle will tumble end over end. But when you drive across an incline, the much more nmow track width (the distance between the left and right wheels) may not prevent the vehicle from tilting and rolling over. Also, drivirig across an indline puts more weight on the downhill wheels. This could cause a downhil slide or a rollover. Surface conditions can be a problem when you drive across a hill. Loose gravel, muddy spots, or even wet grass can cause your tires to slip sideways, downhill. If the vehicle slips sideways, it can hit something that will trip it (a rock, a rut, etc.) and roll over. Hidden obstacles can make the steepness of the incline even worse. I€ you drive across a rock with the uphill wheels, or if the downhill wheels drop into a rut or depression, your vehicle can tilt even more.

For reasons like these, you need to decide carefully whether to try to drive across an incline. Just because the trail goes across the incline doesn’t mean you have to drive it. The last vehicle to try it might have rolled over.

Q: What if I’m driving across an incline that’s not too steep, but I hit some loose gravel and start to slide dowhhill. What should I do?

A: If you feel your vehicle starting to slide sideways, turn downhill. This should help straighten out the vehicle and prevent the side slipping. However, a much better way to prevent h s is to get out and “walk the course” so you know what the surface is like before you drive it.

4-22

Stalling on an Incline If your vehicle stalls when you’re crossing an incline, be sure you (and your passengers) get out on the uphill side, even if the door there is harder to open. If you get out on the downhill side and the vehicle starts to roll over, you’ll be right in its path. If you have to walk down the slope, stay out of the path the vehicle will take if it does roll over.

Driving In Mud, Sand, Snow, Or Ice When you drive in mud, snow or sand, your wheels won’t get good traction. You can’t accelerate as quickly, turning is more difficult, and you’ll need longer braking distances. It’s best to use a low gear when you’re in mud - the deeper the mud, the lower the gear. In really deep mud, so you don’t get stuck. When you drive on sand, you’ll sense a change in wheel traction. But it will depend upon how loosely packed the sand is. On loosely packed sand (as on beaches or sand dunes) your tires will tend to sink into the sand. This has an effect on steering, accelerating, and braking. You may want to reduce the air pressure in your tires slightly when driving on sand. This will improve traction.

the idea is to keep your vehicle moving

4-23

Hard packed snow and ice offer the worst tire traction. On these surfaces, it’s very easy to lase control. On wet ice, for example, the traction is so poor if you do get moving, poor that you will have difficulty accelerating. And steering and difficult braking can cause you to slide out

of control.

is before you drive through it. If it’s deep

Driving In Water Light rain causes no special off-road driving problems. But heavy rain can mean flash flooding, and flood waters demand extreme caution. Find out haw deep the water enough to cover your wheel hubs, axles, or exhaust pipe, don’t probably won’t get through. Also, water that deep can damage your axle and other vehicle parts. If the water isn’t too deep, then drive through it slowly. At fast speeds, water splashes on your ignition system and your vehicle can stall. Stalling can also occur if you get your tailpipe under water. And, as long as your tailpipe is under water, you’ll never be able to start your engine. When you go through water, remember that when vour brakes get wet, it mav take you longer to stop.

try it - you

..

C .

4-24

After Off-Road Driving Remove any brush or debris that has collected on the underbody, chassis or under the hood. These accumulations can be a fire hazard. After operation in mud or sand, have the brake linings cleaned and checked. These substances can cause glazing and uneven braking. Check the body structure, steering, suspension, wheels, tires, and exhaust system for damage. Also, check the fuel lines and cooling system for any leakage. Your vehicle will require more frequent service due to off-road use. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule booklet for additional information. Driving at Night

Night driving is more dangerous than day driving. 0 ne reason is that some drivers are likely to be impaired - by alcohol or drugs, with night vision problems, or by fatigue. Here are some tips on night driving.

Drive defensively.

0 Don’t drink and drive. 0 Adjust your inside rearview mirror to reduce the glare from ndlights

behind you.

0 Since you can’t see as well, you may need to slow down and keep more

space between you and other vehicles.

0 Slow down, especially on higher speed roads. Your headlights can light

up only so much road ahead.

0 In remote areas, watch for animals.

If you’re tired, pull off the road in a safe place and rest.

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I’ I

--

the daytime. But as we get older these

Night Vision No one can see as well at night as in differences increase. A 50-year4d driver may require at least twice as much light to see the same thing at night as a 20-year-old. What you do in the daytime can also affect your night vision. For example, if you spend the day in bright sunshine you are wise to wear sunglasses. Your eyes will have less trouble adjusting to night. But if you’re driving, don’t wear sunglasses at night. They may cut down on glare from headlights, but they also make a lot of things invisible. You can be temporarily blinded by approaching lights. It can take a second or two, or even several seconds, for your eyes to readjust to the dark. When you are faced with severe glare (as from a driver who doesn’t lower the high beam, or a vehicle with misaimed headlights), slow down a little. Avoid staring directly into the approaching lights. Keep your windshield and all the glass on your vehicle clean - inside and out. Glare at night is made much worse by dirt on the glass. Even the inside of the glass can build up a film caused by dust. Dirty glass makes lights dazzle and flash more than clean .glass would, making the pupils of your eyes contract repeatedly. Remember that your headlights light up far less of a roadway when you are in a turn or curve. Keep your eyes moving; that way, it’s easier to pick out dimly lighted objects. Just as your headlights should be checked regularly for proper aim, so should your eyes be examined regularly. Some drivers suffer from night blindness - the inability to see in dim light - and aren’t even aware of it. Driving in the Rain

Rain and wet roads can mean driving trouble. On a wet road you can’t stop, accelerate or turn as well because your tire-to-road traction isn’t as good as on dry roads. And, if your tires don’t have much tread left, you’ll get even

4-26

less traction. It’s always wise to go slower and be cautious if rain starts to fall while you are driving. The surface may get wet suddenly when your reflexes are tuned for driving on dry pavement. The heavier the rain, the harder it is to see. Even if your windshield wiper blades are in good shape, a heavy rain can make it harder to see road signs and traffic signals, pavement markings, the edge of the road, and even people walking. It’s wise to keep your wiping equipment in good shape and keep your windshield washer tank filled. Replace your windshield wiper inserts when they show signs of streaking or missing areas on the windshield, or when strips of rubber start to separate from the inserts.

Driving too fast through large water puddles or even going through some car washes can cause problems, too. The water may affect your brakes. Try to avoid puddles. But if you can’t, try to slow down before you hit them.

Hydroplaning Hydroplaning is dangerous. So much water can build up under your tires that they can actually ride on the water. This can happen if the road is wet enough and you’re going fast enough. When your vehicle is hydroplaning, it has little or no contact with the road.

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if your tires haven’t much if a lot of water

Hydroplaning doesn’t happen often. But it can tread or if the pressure in one or more is low. It can happen is standing on the road. If you can see reflections from trees, telephone poles, or other vehicles, and raindrops “dimple” the water’s surface, there could be hydroplaning. Hydroplaning usually happens at higher speeds. There fast rule about hydroplaning. The best advice raining.

is to slow down when it is

just isn’t a hard and

Some Other Rainy Weather Tips 0 Turn on your low-beam headlights - not just your parking lights - to

help make you more visible to others. Besides slowing down, allow some extra following distance. And be especially careful when you pass another vehicle. Allow yourself more clear room ahead, and be prepared to have your view restricted by road spray. Have good tires with proper tread depth. (See “Tires” in the Index.)

City Driving

One of the biggest problems with city streets is them. You’ll want to watch out for what the other drivers are doing and pay attention to traffic signals. Here are ways to increase your safety in city driving:

the amount of traffic on

Know the best way to get to where you are going. Get a city map and plan your trip into an unknown part of the city just as you would for a cross-country trip.

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Try to use the freeways that rim and crisscross most large cities. You’ll save time and energy. (See the next part, “Freeway Driving.”)

0 Treat a green light as a warning signal. A traffic light is there because the corner is busy enough to need it. When a light turns green, and just before you start to move, check both ways for vehicles that have not cleared the intersection or may be running the red light.

Freeway Driving

is: Keep up with traffic and

Mile for mile, freeways (also called thruways, parkways, expressways, tumplkes, or superhighways) are the safest of all roads. But they have their own special rules. The most important advice on freeway driving keep to the right. Drive at the same speed most of the other drivers are driving. Too-fast or too-slow driving breaks a smooth traffic flow. Treat the left lane on a freeway as a passing lane. At the entrance there is usually a ramp that leads a clear view of the freeway as you drive along the entrance ramp, you should begin to check traffic. Try to determine where you expect with the flow. Try to merge into the gap at close to the prevailing speed. Switch on your turn signal, check your mirrors and glance over your shoulder as often as necessary. Try to blend smoothly with the traffic flow. Once you are on the freeway, adjust your speed to the posted limit or to the prevailing rate if it’s slower. Stay in the right lane unless you want to pass. Before changing lanes, check your mirrors. Then use your turn signal. Just before you leave the lane, glance quickly over your shoulder to make sure there isn’t another vehicle in your “blind” spot.

to the freeway. If you have

to blend

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a reasonable

Once you are moving on the freeway, make certain you allow following distance. Expect to move slightly slower at night. When you want to leave the freeway, move to the proper lane well in advance. If you miss your exit do not, under any circumstances, stop and back up. Drive on to the next exit. The exit ramp can be curved, sometimes quite sharply. The exit speed is usually posted. Reduce your speed according to your speedometer, not to your sense motion. After driving for any distance at higher speeds, you may tend to think you are going slower than you actually are. Before Leaving on a Long Trip Make sure you’re ready. Try to be well rested. not fresh - such as after a day’s work - don’t plan to make too many miles that first part of the journey. Wear comfortable clothing and shoes you can easily drive in. Is your vehicle ready for a long trip? If you keep it serviced and maintained, it’s ready to go. If it needs service, have it done before starting out. Of course, you’ll find experienced and able service experts dealerships all across North America. They’ll be ready and willing to help if you need it. Here are some things you can check before a trip:

If you must start when you’re

in Vehicle

of

Windshield Washer Fluid: Is the reservoir full? Are all windows clean inside and outside? Wiper Blades: Are they in good shape? Fuel, Engine Oil, Other Fluids: Have you checked all levels? Lights: Are they all working? Are the lenses clean? Tires: They are vitally important to a safe, trouble-free trip. Is the tread good enough for long-distance driving? Are the tires all inflated to the recommended pressure? Weather Forecasts: What’s the weather outlook along your route? Should you delay your trip a short time to avoid a major storm system? Maps: Do you have up-to-date maps?

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High way Hypnosis Is there actually such a condition as “highway hypnosis”? Or is it just plain falling asleep at the wheel? Call it highway hypnosis, lack of awareness, or whatever. There is something about an easy stretch of road with the same scenery, along with the hum of the tires on the road, the drone of the engine, and the rush of the wind against the vehicle that can make you sleepy. Don’t let happen to you! If it does, your vehicle can leave the road in second, and you could crash and be injured. What can you do about highway hypnosis? First, be aware that it can happen. Then here are some tips:

less than a

it

0 Make sure your vehicle is well ventilated, with a comfortably cool

interior.

0 Keep your eyes moving. Scan the road ahead and to the sides. Check

your mirrors and your instruments frequently.

0 If you get sleepy, pull off the road into a rest, service, or parking area and take a nap, get some exercise, or both. For safety, treat drowsiness on the highway as an emergency.

Hill and Mountain Roads

Driving on steep hills or mountains is different from driving in flat or rolling terrain. If you drive regularly in steep country, or if you’re planning to visit there, here are some tips that can make your trips safer and more enjoyable. (See “Off-Road Driving” in the Index for information about driving off-road.)

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Keep your vehicle in good shape. Check all fluid levels and also the brakes, tires, cooling system and transmission. These parts can work hard on mountain roads. Know how to go down hills. The most important thing to know is this: let your engine do some of the slowing down. Shift to a lower gear when you go down a steep or long hill.

Know how to go uphill. You may want to shift down to a lower gear. The lower gears help cool your engine and transmission, and you can climb the hill better. Stay in your own lane when driving on two-lane roads in hills or mountains. Don’t swing wide or cut across the center of the road. Drive at speeds that let you stay in your own lane. As you .go over the top of a hill, be alert. There could be something in your lane, like a stalled car or an accident. You may see highway signs on mountains that warn of special problems. Examples are long grades, passing or no-passing zones, a falling- rocks area, or winding roads. Be alert to these and take appropriate action.

4 - 3.2

Winter Driving

Here are some tips for winter driving:

Have your vehiclein good shape for winter. Be sure your engine coolant mix is correct. You may want to put winter emergency supplies in your vehicle. of windshield

Include an ice scraper, a small brush or broom, a supply washer fluid, a rag, some winter outer clothing, a small shovel, a flashlight, a red cloth, and a couple of reflective warning triangles. And, if you will be driving under severe conditions, include a small bag of sand, a piece of old carpet or a couple of burlap bags to help provide traction. Be sure you properly secure these items in your vehicle. Driving on Snow or Ice Most of the time, those places where your tires meet the road probably have good traction. However, if there is snow or ice between your tires and the road, you can have a very slippery situation. You’ll have a lot less traction or “grip” and will need to be very careful.

4-33

What’s the worst time for this? “Wet ice.” Very cold snow or ice can be slick and hard to drive on. But wet ice can be even more trouble because it may offer the least traction of all. You can get “wet ice” when it’s about freezing (32°F; 0 O C) and freezing rain begins to fall. Try to avoid driving on wet ice until salt and sand crews can get there. Whatever the condition - smooth ice, packed, blowing or loose snow - drive with caution. Accelerate gently. Try not to break the fragile traction. If you accelerate too fast, the drive wheels will spin and polish the surface under the tires even more. Your anti-lock brakes improve your ability to make a hard stop on a slippery road. Even though you have an anti-lock braking system, you’ll want to begin stopping sooner than you would on dry pavement. See “Anti-lock” in the Index.

Allow greater following distance on any slippery road.

0 Watch for slippery spots. The road might be fine until you hit a spot that’s covered with ice. On an otherwise clear road, ice patches may appear in shaded areas where the sun can’t reach: around clumps of trees, behind buildings, or under bridges. Sometimes the surface of a curve or an overpass may remain icy when the surrounding roads are clear. If you see a patch of ice ahead of you, brake before you are on it. Try not to brake while you’re actually on the ice, and avoid sudden steering maneuvers.

4-34

in a serious situation. You for sure that you

If you are stopped by heavy snow, you could be should probably stay with your vehicle unless you know are near help and you can hike through the snow. Here to s m o n help and keep yourself and your passengers safe: Turn hazard flashers. Tie a red cloth to your vehicle to alert police that you’ve been stopped by the snow. Put on extra clothing or wrap a blanket around you. If you have no blankets or extra clothing, make body insulators from newspapers, burlap bags, rags, floor mats - anything you can wrap around yourself or tuck under your clothing to keep warm. You can run the engine to keep warm, but be careful.

are some things to do

an your

4-35

fuel. When you run

for the heat that you get and it keeps

Run your engine only as long as you must. This saves the engine, make it go a little faster than just idle. That is, push the accelerator slightly. This uses less fuel the battery charged. You will need a well-charged battery to restart the vehicle, and possibly for signaling later on with your headlights. Let the heater run for awhile. Then, shut the engine off and close the window almost all the way to preserve the heat. Start the engine again and repeat this only when you feel really uncomfortable from the cold. But do it as little as possible. Preserve the fuel as long as you can. To help keep warm, you can get out of the so until vehicle and do some fairly vigorous exercises every half hour or help comes. Recreational Vehicle Towing (Four- Wheel Drive Only) If your vehicle has &wheel drive, you may tow providing it does not have the optional electronic shift transfer case.

it behind another vehicle

NOTICE: Recreational vehicle towing is not recommended for vehicles with the optional electronic shift transfer case because the electronic shift has no neutral position.

4-36

Before towing, you should:

1. Set the parking brake firmly. 2. Place the automatic transmission in “P’ (Park) or the manual

transmission in the lowest gear (1 st gear).

3. Firmly attach the vehicle being towed to the tow vehicle. Refer to the

hitch manufacturer’s instructions.

4. Place the transfer case shift lever in “ N ’ (Neutral).

5. Release the parking brake only after the vehicle being towed is firmly

attached to the tow vehicle.

6. Insert the ignition key into the ignition switch and turn it one notch forward of the LOCK position. This places the key into the OFF po.sition, which unlocks the steering column while preventing battery drain. Unlocking the steering column will allow for proper movement of the front wheelshires during towing.

I NOTICE: I You should exercise extra care whenever towing another vehicle.

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Towing a Trailer

NOTI.CE: Pulling a trailer improperly can damage your vehicle and result in costly repairs not coveredby your warranty. To pull a trailer correctIy, follow the advice in this section, and see your dealer for important information about towing a trailer with your vehicle.

Every vehicle is ready for some trailer towing. If it was built with trailering options, as many are, it’s ready for heavier trailers. But trailering is different than just driving your vehicle by itself. Trailering means changes handling, durability, and fuel economy. Successful, safe trailering takes correct equipment, and it has to be used properly. That’s the reason for this section. In it are many time-tested, important trailering tips and safety rules. Many of these are important for your safety and that of your passengers. So please read this section carefully before you pull a trailer. If You Do Decide To Pull A Trailer If you do, here qre some important points.

in

There are many different laws having to do with trailering. Make sure your rig will be legal, not only where you live but also where you’ll be driving. A good source for this information can be state or provincial police. Consider using a sway control if your trailer will weigh 2,000 pounds (900 kg) or less. You should always use a sway control if your trailer will weigh more than 2,000 pounds (900 kg).

You can ask a hitch dealer about sway controls.

0 Don’t tow a trailer at aU during the first 500 miles (800 km) your new vehicle is driven. Your engine, axle or other parts could be damaged. Then, during the fist 500 miles (800 km) that you tow a trailer, don’t drive over 50 mph (80 kmk) and don’t make starts at full throttle. This helps your engine and other parts of your vehicle wear in at the heavier loads.

speed, altitude,

Three important considerations have to da with weight: Weight of the Trailer How heavy can a .trailer safely be? It depends on how you plan to use your rig. For example, road grades, outside temperature and how much your vehicle is used to pull a trailer are all important. And, it can also depend on any special equipment that you have on your vehicle. You can ask your dealer for our trailering information or advice, or you can write us at the address listed in your Warranty and Owner Assistance Information Booklet. In Canada, write to General Motors of Canada Limited, Customer Assistance Center, 1908 Colonel Sam Drive, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 8P7. Weight of the Trailer Tongue The tongue load (A) of any trailer is an important weight to measure because it affects the total or gross weight of your vehicle. The gross vehicle weight (GVW) includes the curb weight of the vehicle, any cargo you may carry in it, and the people who will be riding in the vehicle. And if you will tow a trailer, you must add the tongue load to the GVW because your too. See “Loading Your Vehicle” in the vehicle will be carrying that weight, Index for more infomation about your vehicle’s maximum load capacity.

4-39

A

If you’re using a “dead-weight” hitch, the trailer tongue (A) should weigh 10% of the total loaded trailer weight (B). If you have a “weight-distributing” hitch, the trailer tongue (A) should weigh 12% of the total loaded trailer weight (B). After you’ve loaded your trailer, weigh the trailer and then the tongue, separately, to see if the weights are proper. If they aren’t, you may be able to get them right simply by moving some items around in the trailer. Total Weight on Your Vehicle’s Tires Be sure your vehicle’s tires are inflated to the lirnit for cold tires. You’ll find or these numbers on the Certification label on the driver’s door lock pillar see “Tire Loading” in the Index. Then be sure you don’t go over the GVW limit for your vehicle. Hitches It’s important to have the correct hitch equipment. Crosswinds, large trucks going by, and rough roads are a few reasons why you’ll need the right hitch. Here are some rules to follow:

If you’ll be pulling a trailer that, when loaded, will weigh more than 2,000 pounds (900 kg), be sure to use a properly mounted, weight-distributing hitch and sway control of the proper size. This equipment is very important for proper vehicle loading and good handling when you’re driving.

NOTlCE: If your vehicle has the bumper delete option, do not bolt any type of hitch to the close-out panel. The close-out panel will not support a hitch.

4-40

front edge of the foot to the

just enough slack so you can turn with

You can tow trailers to 2,000 pounds (900 kg) with a step bumper hitch, but if your trailer tongue has a V-shaped foot, your bumper could be damaged in sharp turns. Check the distance from the middle of the hitch ball socket. If the distance is less than 12 inches, take the foot off the trailer tongue. Safety Chains You should always attach chains between your vehicle and your trailer. Cross the safety chains under the tongue of the trailer so that the tongue will not drop to the road if it becomes separated from the hitch. Instructions about safety chains may be provided by the hitch manufacturer or by the trailer manufacturer. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendation for attaching safety chains. Always leave your rig. And, never allow safety chains to drag on the ground. Trailer Brakes If your trailer weighs more than 1,000 pounds (450 kg) loaded, then it needs its own brakes - and they must be adequate. Be sure to read and follow the instructions for the trailer bE---:s so you’ll be able to install, adjust and maintain them properly. Your trailer brakes system can tap into vehicle’s hydraulic brake system except: Don’t tap into your vehicle’s brake system if the trailer’s brake system will use more than 0.02 cubic inch ( 0 . 3 ~ ~ ) of fluid from your vehicle’s master cylinder. If it does, both braking systems won’t work well. You could even lose your brakes. Will the trailer parts take 3,000 psi (20 650 P a ) of pressure? If not, the trailer brake system must not be used with your vehicle. If everything checks out this far, then make the brake fluid tap at the port on the master cylinder that sends fluid to the rear brakes. But don’t use copper tubing for this. If you do, it will bend and finally break off. Use steel brake tubing. Driving with a Trailer Towing a trailer requires a certain amount of experience. Before setting out for the open road, you’ll want to get to know your rig. Acquaint yourself with the feel of handling and braking with the added weight of the trailer. And always keep in mind that the vehicle you are driving is now a good deal longer and not nearly so responsive as your vehicle is by itself. Before you start, check the trailer hitch and platform, safety chains, electrical connector, lights, tires and mirror adjustment. If the trailer has electric brakes, start your vehicle and trailer moving and then apply the

4-41

trailer brake controller by hand to be sure the brakes are working. This lets you check your electricql connection at the same time. During your trip, check occasionally to be sure that the load that the lights and any trailer brakes are still working. Following Distance Stay at least twice as far behind the vehicle ahead as you would when driving your vehicle without a trailer. This can help you avoid situations that require heavy braking apd sudden turns.

is secure, and

to move the

Passing You’ll need more passing distance up ahead when you’re towing a trailer. And, because you’re a good deal longer, you’ll need to go much farther beyond the passed vehicle before you can return to your lane. Backing Up Hold the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand. Then, trailer to the left, just move that hand to the left. To move the trailer to the right, move your hand to the right. Always back up slowly and, if possible, have someone guide you. Making Turns When you’re turning with a trailer, make wider turns than normal. Do this so your trailer won’t strike soft shoulders, curbs, road signs, trees, or other objects. Avoid jerky or sudden maneuvers. Signal well in advance. Turn Signals When Towing a Trailer When you tow a trailer, your vehicle has to have a different turn signal flasher and extra wiring. The green arrows on your instrument panel will flash whenever you signal a turn or lane change. Properly hooked up, the to turn, trailer lights will also flash, telling other drivers you’re about change lanes or stop. When towing a trailer, the green arrows on your instrument panel will flash €or turns even if the bulbs on the trailer are burned out. Thus, you may think drivers behind you are seeing your signal when they are not. It’s important to check occasionally to be sure the trailer bulbs are still working.

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Driving On Grades Reduce speed and shift to a lower gear before you start dawn a long or steep downgrade. If you don’t shift down, you might have to use your brakes so much that they would get hot and no longer work well. On a long uphill grade, shift down and reduce your speed to around 45 mph (70 km/h) to reduce the possibility of engine and transmission overheating. If you have an automatic transmission, you should use “D” when towing a trailer. Operating your vehicle in “D” when towing a trailer will minimize heat buildup and extend the life of your transmission. Or, if you have a rrianual transmission with fifth gear, it’s better not to use fifth gear, just drive in fourth gear (or, as you need to, a lower gear). Parking on Hills You really should not park your vehicle, with a trailer attached, on a hill. If something goes wrong, your rig could start to move. People can be injured, and both your vehicle and the trailer can be damaged. But if you ever have to park your rig on a hill, here’s how to do it: 1. Apply your regular brakes, but don’t shift into “P” (Park) yet, or into

gear for a manual transmission.

2. Have someone place chocks under the trailer wheels. 3. When the wheel chocks are in place, release the regular brakes until the

chocks absorb the load.

4. Reapply the regular brakes. Then apply your parking brake, and then

shift into “P” (Park), or “R” (Reverse) for a manual transmission.

5. If you have a four-wheel drive vehicle with a manual transfer case shift

lever, be sure the transfer case is in a drive gear-not in

“N” (Neutral).

6. Release the parking brakes,

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When You Are Ready to Leave After Parking on a Hill 1. Apply your regular brakes and hold the pedal down while you:

Start your engine; Shift into a gear; and Release the parking brake.

2. Let up on the brake pedal. 3. Drive slowly until the trailer is clear of the chocks. 4. Stop and have someone pick up and store the chocks. Maintenance When Trailer Towing Your vehicle will need service more often when you’re pulling a trailer. See the Maintenance Schedule for more on this. Things that are especially important in trailer operation are automatic transmission fluid (don’t overfill), engine oil, axle lubricant, belt, cooling system, and brake adjustment. Each of these is covered in this manual, and the Index will help you find them quickly. If you’re trailering, it’s a good idea to review these sections before you start your trip. Check periodically to see that all hitch nuts and bolts are tight. Trailer Light Wiring See “Trailer Wiring Harness” in the Index.

4-44

^ . -.

“ C

Power Winches If you wish to use a power wlncn on your vehicle, only use it when your vehicle is stationary or anchored.

NOTICE: When operating a power winch on your vehicle always leave the transmission in the neutral position. Do not leave an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in gear or the transmission may be damaged.

Use the regular brakes, set the parking brake or block the wheels your vehicle from rolling.

to keep

4-45

Notes

4 -4t

Problems on the Road

Section

Here you’ll find what to do about some problems that can occur on the road Hazard Warning Flashers ..................................... Other Warning Devices ...................................... Jump Starting .............................................. Towing Your Vehicle ........................................ Engine Overheating ........................................ If a Tire Goes Flat ......................................... Changing a Flat Tire ....................................... If You’re Stuck: In Sand. Mud. Ice or Snow .....................

5-2 5-3 5-3 5-8 5-12 5-20 5-20 5-34

5-1

Hazard Warning Flashers

-1

Your hazard warning flashers let you warn others. They also let

I police know you have a problem. Your front and rear turn signal lights will flash on and off.

Press the button in to make your front and rear turn signal lights flash on and off. Your hazard warning flashers work no matter what position your key is in, and even if the key isn’t in.

To turn off the flashers, pull out on the collar:

When the hazard warning flashers are on, your turn signals won’t work.

Other Warning Devices If you carry reflective triangles, you can set one up at the side of the road ab.out 300 feet (100 m) behind your vehicle. Jump Starting If your battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your vehicle. But please follow the steps below to do it safely.

NOTICE: Ignoring these steps could result in vehicle that wouldn’t be covered by your warranty. Trying to start your vehicle by pushing or pulling it could damage your vehicle, even if you have a manual transmission. And if you have an automatic transmission, it won’t start that way.

costly damage to your

E

To Jump Start Your Vehicle: 1. Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery wlm a negauve

ground system.

NOTICE: If the other system isn’t a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged.

2. Get the vehicles close enough so the jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles aren’t touching each other. If they are, it could cause a ground connection you don’t want. You wouldn’t be able to start your vehicle, and the bad grounding could damage the electrical systems. You could be injured if the vehicles roll, Set the parking brake firmly on each vehicle. Put an automatic transmission in “P” (Park) or a manual transmission in “ N ’ (Neutral). If you have a four-wheel drive vehicle with a manual transfer case shift lever, be sure the transfer case is not in “N’ (Neutral).

3. Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lights that aren’t needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries. And it could save your radio!

I NOTICE: I If you leave your radio on, it could be badly damaged. The

repairs wouldn’t be covered by your warranty.

4. Open the hoods and locate the batteries. Find the positive (+) and

negative (-) terminals on each battery.

5-4

5. Check that the jumper cables don’t have loose or missing insulation. I€ they do, you could get a shock. The vehicles could also be damaged. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should how. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (-) will go to negative (-) or SL metal engine part. Don’t. connect (+) to (-) or you’ll get a short that would damage the battery and maybe other parts too.

5-5

Dead Battery

(+)

Good Battery (+)

7. Don’t let the other end touch metal. Connect it to the positive (+)

terminal of the good battery.

8. Now connect the black negative (-) cable to the good battery’s negative

(-) terminal. Don’t let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative cable doesn ’I go to the dead battery. It goes to a heavy unpainted metal part on the engine of the vehicle with the dead battery.

Good Battery (-)

Heavy Metal Engine Part

9. Attach the cable at least 18 inches (45 cm) away from the dead battery,

but not near engine parts that move. The electrical connection is just as good there, but the chance of sparks getting back to the battery is much less.

5-6

10. Now start the vehicle with the good battery and run the engine for a

while.

11. Try to start the vehicle with the dead battery. If it won’t start after a few

tries, it probably needs service.

12. Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take

care that they don’t touch each otk

or anv other metal.

Remove Cables In This Order:

1. Heavy Metal Engine Part

2. Good Battery (-) 3. Good Battery (+) 4. Dead Battery (+)

5-7

Towing Your Vehicle Try to have a GM dealer or a professional towing service tow your vehicle. They can provide the right equipment and know how to tow damage. If your vehicle has been changed since like fog lamps, aero skirting, or special tires and wheels, these things could be damaged during towing. Before you do anything, turn on the hazard warning flashers. When you call, tell the towing service:

it was factory-new by adding things

it without

That your vehicle has rear-wheel drive, or that it has the four-wheel drive option.

0 The make, model, and year of your vehicle.

Whether you can move the shift lever for the transmission and shift the transfer case, if you have one. If there was an accident, what was damaged.

5-8

When your vehicle is being towed, have the ignition key off. The steering wheel should be clamped in a straight-ahead position with a clamping device designed for towing service. Do not use the vehicle’s steering column lock for this. The transmissi,on (either automatic or manual) should be in “ N ’ (Neutral) and the transfer case (either manual shift or electronic shift), if you have one, should be in 2 HI. The paking brake should be released.

5-9

Towing From fhe Front

NOTICE: Do not tow with sling-type equipment or front bumper system will be damaged. Use wheel lift or car-carrier equipment. Additional ramping may be required for car-carrier equipment. Use safety chains and wheel straps. If your vehicle has the four-wheel drive option, a dolly MUST be used under the rear wheels when towing from the front.

5-19

Towing From the Rear

NOTICE: Do not tow with sling-type equipment or rear bumper system will be damaged. Use wheel lift or car-carrier equipment. Additional ramping may be required for car-carrier equipment. : . .A. :i.-. Use safety chains and wheel straps. If your vehicle has the four-wheel drive option, a dolly MUST be used under the front wheels when towing from the rear.

Don’t have your vehicle towed on the rear wheels, unless you have to. If the vehicle must be towed on the rear wheels, don’t go more than km/h) or farther than 50 miles (80 km) or your transmission will be damaged. If these limits must be exceeded, then the rear drive wheels have to be supported on a dolly.

35 mph (56

5-11

Engine Overheating You will find a coolant temperature gage on your vehicle’s instrument panel. If Steam Is Coming From Your Engine

NOTICE: If your engine catches fire because you keep driving with coolant, your vehicle cdh be badly damaged. The costly repairs would not be covered by your warranty.

no

/f No Steam Is Coming From Your Engine If you get the overheat warning but see or hear no steam, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when you:

0 Climb a long hill on a hot day. 0 Stop after high speed driving. 0 Idle for long periods in traffic. 0 Tow a trailer.

If you get the overheat warning with no sign of steam, try this for a minute or so:

1. If you have an air conditioner, turn it off. 2. Turn on your heater to full hot at the highest fan speed and open the

window as necessary.

3. If you’re in a traffic jam, shift to “N” (Neutral). If you no longer have the overheat warning, you can drive. Just to be safe, drive slower for about ten minutes. If the warning doesn’t come back on, you can drive normally. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park your vehicle right away. If there’s still no sign of steam, push the accelerator until the engine speed is about twice as fast as normal idle speed. Bring the engine speed back to normal idle speed after two or three minutes. Now see if the warning stops. But then, if you still have the warning, TURN OFF THE ENGINE AND GET EVERYONE OUT OF THE VEHICLE until it cools down. You may decide not to lift the hood but to get service help right away.

When you decide it’s safe to lift the hood, here’s what you’ll see: A. Coolant recovery

tank

B. Radiator pressure

cap

C . Engine fan

If the coolant inside the coolant recovery tank is boiling, don’t do anything else until it cools down.

5-13

The coolant level should be at or above the ADD mark. If it isn’t, you may have a leak in the radiator hoses, heater hoses, radiator, water pump somewhere else in the cooling system.

or

I NOTICE:

Engine damage from running your engine without coolant isn’t covered by your warranty.

If there seems to be no leak, start the engine again. See if the fan speed increases when idle speed is doubled by pushing the accelerator pedal down. If it doesn’t, your vehicle needs service. Turn off the engine.

How to Add Coolant to the Coolant Recovery Tank If you haven’t found a problem yet, but the coolant level the ADD mark, add a 50/50 mixture of clean water (preferably distilled) and a proper antifreeze at the coolant recovery tank. (See “Engine Coolant” in the Index for more information about the proper coolant mix.)

isn’t at or above

I NOTICE:

In cold weather, water can freeqe and crack the engine, radiator, heater core and other parts. Use the recommended coolant.

When the coolant in the coolant recovery tank is at or above the ADD mark, start your vehicle. If the overheat warning continues, there’s one more thing you can try. can add the proper coolant mix directly to the radiator, but be sure the cooling system is cool before you do it.

You

5-15

How to Add Coolant to the Radiator 1. You can remove the radiator pressure cap when the cooling system,

including the radiator pressure cap and upper radiator hose, hot.

is no longer

Turn the pressure cap slowly to the left until it first stops. (Don’t press down while turning the pressure cap.) If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left.

2. Then keep turning the pressure cap, but now push down as you turn it. Remove the pressure cap.

3. Fill the radiator with the proper mix, up to the base of the filler neck.

4. Then fill the

coolant recovery tank to the ADD mark.

5 . h t the cap back

on the coolant recovery tank, but leave the radiator pressure cap off.

7. By this time the coolant level inside the filler neck may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper mix through the filler neck until the level reaches the base of the filler neck.

8. Then replace the

pressure cap. At any time during this procedure if coolant begins to flow out of the filler neck, reinstall the pressure cap. Be sure the arrows on pressure cap line up like this.

P ' Engine Fan Noise

This vehicle has a clutched engine cooling fan. When the clutch is engaged, the fan spins faster to provide more air to cool the engine. In most every day driving conditions the clutch is not engaged. This improves fuel economy and reduces fan noise. Under heavy vehicle loading, trailer towing and/or high outside temperatures, the fan speed increases when the clutch engages. So you may hear an increase in fan noise. This is normal and should not be mistaken as the transmission slipping or making extra shifts. It is merely the cooling system functioning properly. The fan will slow down when additional cooling is not required and the clutch disengages. You may also hear this fan noise when you start the engine. It will go away as the fan clutch disengages.

5-19

if you

are a few tips

If a Tire Goes Flat It’s unusual for a tire to “blow out” while you’re driving, especially maintain your tires properly. If air goes out of a tire, it’s much more likely to leak out slowly. But if you should ever have a “blowout,” here about what to expect and what to do: If a front tire fails, the flat tire will create a drag that pulls the vehicle toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the steering wheel firrnly. Steer to maintain lane position, then gently brake to a stop well out of the traffic lane. A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may In any rear blowout, remove require the same correction you’d use in a skid. your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the vehicle under control by be very bumpy and steering the way you want the vehicle to go. It may noisy, but you can still steer. Gently brake to a stop, well off the road if possible. If a tire goes flat, the next part shows how to use your jacking equipment to change a flat tire safely. Changing a Flat Tire If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place. Turn on your hazard waming flashers.

5-20

Flat Tire

L Blocked Tire

The following steps will tell you how to use the Jack Storage Your jack, wheel wrench and wheel blocks are stored behind the either on the center wall (extended cab) or along the right wall (regular cab).

jack and change a tire.

front seats,

To remove your jack cover, if you have one, turn the plastic wing nut to the left until you can pull it out. Remove the jack cover.

To remove the wheel blocks, jack and wheel wrench, turn the wing nut to the left. Pull the wheel blocks, jack and wheel wrench off.

5-21

7

Jacking Equipment Storage

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Wheel Wrench Bracket Jacking Instructions Tag (Roll and place tag behind the bracket after the tools are installed) Bolt Location (Standard) Bolt Location (ZR2) Wheel Blocks Nut Rubber Band Jack Position (ZR2) Jack Position (Standard)

Jacking Storage Cover

1. Hub Cap Removal Tool 2. Cover (Extended Cab) 3. Cover (Standard Cab) 4. Hub Cap Removal Tool 5. Bolt NOTE: Restore cover and hub cap rem Spare Tire

oval tool if provided.

Your spare tire is stored underneath the rear of your vehicle.

5-23

Underbody Carrier

NOTICE: Never remove or restow a tire from/to a stowage position under the vehicle while the vehicle is supported by a jack. Always tighten the tire fully against the underside of the vehicle when restowing.

Underbody Spare Tire Mounting 1. Wheel Wrench 2. Hoist Assembly 3. Retainer 4. Spring 5. Tire 6. Valve Stem (Pointed Down)

NOTICE: To help avoid vehicle damage, do not drive vehicle before cable is restored.

5-24

To Remove the Spare Tire

Insert the chisel end of the wheel wrench, on an angle, into the hole in the rear bumper. Be sure the chisel end of the wheel wrench connects into the hoist shaft.

Turn the wheel wrench to the left to lower the spare tire. Keep turning the wheel wrench until the spare tire can be pulled out from under the vehicle.

When the tire has been completely lowered, tilt the retainer at the end of the cable and pull it through the wheel opening. Pull the tire out from under the vehicle.

5-25

Changing the Tire

Start with the jack, wheel wrench and wheel blocks.

Rotate the jackhandle to the right. That will raise the jack lift head a little.

Before you start, block the front and rear of the tire farthest away from the one being changed. Then put your spare tire near the flat tire.

5-26

Hub Caps And Wheel Nut Caps You will have to take off hub caps or wheel nut caps to reach your wheel nuts.

If you have individual wheel nut caps that cover each nut, they must be removed in order to get the wheel nuts. Use the socket end of the wheel wrench to remove the wheel nut caps.

Your wheel nut caps may attach your hub cap to the wheel. Remove these wheel nut caps and retaining ring (if so equipped) before you take off the hub cap. If you have just an aluminum or plastic molded hub cap, pry it off with the chisel end of your wheel wrench.

Some of the molded plastic hub caps have imitation wheel nuts molded into them. The wheel wrench won’t fit these imitation nuts, so don’t try to remove them with the socket end of the wheel wrench.

5-27

-

Some jack storage covers are equipped with a hub cap removal tool. Position hub cap removal tool in notch.

Remove the hub cap.

Using the wheel wrench, loosen all the wheel nuts. Don’t remove them yet.

5-28

Jack Locations

Position the jack under the vehicle. A. Front Frame Hole B. Rear Frame Hole (ZR2) C . Spring Hanger Hole (Standard Pick-ups) Your vehicle has a hole in the frame near each front wheel, and a hole in the spring hanger near each rear wheel for the jack. Fit the jack into the hole nearest the flat tire.

I NOTICE:

Raising your vehicle with the jack improperly positioned will damage the vehicle or may anow the vehicle to fall off the jack. Be sure to fit the jack lift head into the proper location before