2012 Chevrolet Malibu Owners Manual

an overheat warning no longer displays, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slowly for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the vehicle in front. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away. If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down. Also, see “Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode” following.

Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode This emergency operating mode allows the vehicle to be driven to a safe place in an emergency

situation. If an overheated engine condition exists, an overheat protection mode which alternates firing groups of cylinders helps prevent engine damage. In this mode, a significant loss in power and engine performance will be noticed. The temperature gauge will indicate an overheat condition exists. Driving extended km (mi) and/or towing a trailer in the overheat protection mode should be avoided. Notice: After driving in the overheated engine protection operating mode, to avoid engine damage, allow the engine to cool before attempting any repair. The engine oil will be severely degraded. Repair the cause of coolant loss, change the oil and reset the oil life system. See Engine Oil on page 10‑8.

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Power Steering Fluid

See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑5 for reservoir location. When to Check Power Steering Fluid Power steering fluid is used in all vehicles with the V6 engine. Vehicles with the 4-cylinder engine have electric power steering and do not use power steering fluid. It is not necessary to regularly check power steering fluid unless a leak is suspected in the system, or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired.

How to Check Power Steering Fluid To check the power steering fluid: 1. Turn the key off and let the

engine compartment cool down. 2. Wipe the cap and the top of the

reservoir clean.

3. Unscrew the cap and wipe the

dipstick with a clean rag.

4. Replace the cap and completely

tighten it.

5. Remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on the dipstick.

The fluid level should be between the MIN (Minimum) and MAX (Maximum) marks when the engine is cold, and at the MAX mark when the engine is hot. If the fluid is at the MIN mark when the engine is cold or hot, power steering fluid should be added. The fluid level should be within the crosshatch area on the dipstick.

Vehicle Care

10-19

If the fluid is at or below the ADD or MIN mark on the dipstick, add just enough fluid to bring the level within the crosshatch area. What to Use To determine what kind of fluid to use, see Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑11. Always use the proper fluid.

Washer Fluid

What to Use When windshield washer fluid is needed, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions before use. If operating the vehicle in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing. Adding Washer Fluid When the windshield washer fluid reservoir is low, a LOW WASHER FLUID message displays on the

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Vehicle Care

Driver Information Center (DIC). See Driver Information Center (DIC) on page 5‑22 for more information.

parts of the washer system. Also, water does not clean as well as washer fluid.

. Fill the washer fluid tank

only three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.

. Do not use engine coolant

(antifreeze) in the windshield washer. It can damage the windshield washer system and paint.

Brakes This vehicle has disc brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.

Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑5 for reservoir location. Notice

. When using concentrated

washer fluid, follow the manufacturer's instructions for adding water.

. Do not mix water with

ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage the washer fluid tank and other

{ WARNING

The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to a crash. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.

Notice: Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair. Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications in Capacities and Specifications on page 12‑2.

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Brake linings should always be replaced as complete axle sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service might be required. Brake Adjustment Every time the brakes are applied, with or without the vehicle moving, the brakes adjust for wear. Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. The vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When parts of the braking system are replaced, be sure to get new, approved replacement parts.

If this is not done, the brakes might not work properly. For example, installing disc brake pads that are wrong for the vehicle, can change the balance between the front and rear brakes— for the worse. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed.

Brake Fluid

The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid as indicated on the reservoir cap. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑5 for the location of the reservoir.

Vehicle Care

10-21

There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:

The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.

. A fluid leak in the brake

hydraulic system can also cause a low fluid level. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.

Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

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Vehicle Care

{ WARNING

{ WARNING

If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light on page 5‑17.

What to Add Use only new DOT 3 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑11. Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.

With the wrong kind of fluid in the brake hydraulic system, the brakes might not work well. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid.

Notice

. Using the wrong fluid

can badly damage brake hydraulic system parts. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in the brake hydraulic system can damage brake hydraulic system parts so badly that they will have to be replaced. Do not let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid.

. If brake fluid is spilled on the

vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on the vehicle. If you do, wash it off immediately.

Battery Refer to the replacement number shown on the original battery label when a new battery is needed. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑5 for battery location.

{ WARNING

Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.

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Vehicle Storage

{ WARNING

Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 10‑76 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.

Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.

Starter Switch Check

{ WARNING When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle.

2. Firmly apply both the parking brake and the regular brake. See Parking Brake on page 9‑26. Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.

3. Try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral).

Vehicle Care

10-23

If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer for service.

Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check

{ WARNING When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle. It should be parked on a level surface.

2. Firmly apply the parking brake.

See Parking Brake on page 9‑26. Be ready to apply the regular brake immediately if the vehicle begins to move.

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Vehicle Care

3. With the engine off, turn the

ignition on, but do not start the engine. Without applying the regular brake, try to move the shift lever out of P (Park) with normal effort. If the shift lever moves out of P (Park), contact your dealer for service.

Ignition Transmission Lock Check While parked, and with the parking brake set, try to turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF in each shift lever position.

The ignition should turn to LOCK/OFF only when the shift lever is in P (Park). The ignition key should come out only in LOCK/OFF.

Contact your dealer if service is required.

Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check { WARNING

When you are doing this check, the vehicle could begin to move. You or others could be injured and property could be damaged. Make sure there is room in front of the vehicle in case it begins to roll. Be ready to apply the regular brake at once should the vehicle begin to move.

Park on a fairly steep hill, with the vehicle facing downhill. Keeping your foot on the regular brake, set the parking brake.

To check the parking brake's holding ability: With the engine running and the transmission in N (Neutral), slowly remove foot pressure from the regular brake pedal. Do this until the vehicle is held by the parking brake only.

To check the P (Park) mechanism's holding ability: With the engine running, shift to P (Park). Then release the parking brake followed by the regular brake.

Contact your dealer if service is required.

Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear or cracking. See Maintenance Schedule on page 11‑3 for more information. It is a good idea to clean or replace the wiper blade assembly on a regular basis or when worn. For proper windshield wiper blade length and type, see Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 11‑12. Notice: Allowing the wiper arm to touch the windshield when no wiper blade is installed could damage the windshield. Any damage that occurs would not be

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Headlamp Aiming Headlamp aim has been preset at the factory and should need no further adjustment. However, if the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the headlamp aim may be affected. Aim adjustment to the low-beam headlamps may be necessary if oncoming drivers flash their high-beam headlamps at you (for vertical aim). If the headlamps need to be re-aimed, it is recommended that the vehicle be taken to a dealer for service.

Vehicle Care

10-25

Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs on page 10‑30. For any bulb‐changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer.

Halogen Bulbs

{ WARNING

Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.

covered by your warranty. Do not allow the wiper arm to touch the windshield. To replace the wiper blade: 1. Pull the windshield wiper arm

connector away from the windshield.

2. Press the button in the middle of

the wiper arm connector, and pull the wiper blade away from the arm connector.

3. Remove the wiper blade. 4. Reverse steps 1 through 3 for

wiper blade replacement.

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Vehicle Care

Taillamps, Turn Signal, and Stoplamps (LS and LT)

A. Back‐up Lamp B. Stoplamp, Taillamp and Turn

Signal Lamp

1. Open the trunk. See Trunk on page 2‑9 for more information.

2. Remove the two rear

convenience net hooks holding the trunk trim and move the trim aside.

3. Remove the three wing nuts (A),

which hold the taillamp assembly, from inside the trunk. 4. Remove the taillamp assembly.

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Vehicle Care

10-27

Taillamps, Turn Signal, and Stoplamps (LTZ)

5. Turn the bulb socket (B)

counterclockwise to remove it from the lamp assembly (A).

6. Pull the bulb from the socket (B). 7. 8. Reverse Steps 2 through 5 to

Install a new bulb.

reinstall the taillamp assembly (A).

A. Back‐up Lamp B. Stoplamp, Taillamp and Turn

Signal Lamp

1. Open the trunk. See Trunk on page 2‑9 for more information.

2. Remove the two rear

convenience net hooks holding the trunk trim and move the trim aside.

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Vehicle Care

Back-Up Lamps

3. Remove the three wing nuts (A),

which hold the taillamp assembly, from inside the trunk. 4. Remove the taillamp assembly.

5. Disconnect the wiring harness

connector (C) from the LED (B).

6. Turn the LED (B)

counterclockwise to remove it. Install a new LED (B).

7. 8. Reverse Steps 2 through 6 to

reinstall the taillamp assembly (A).

1. Open the trunk. See Trunk on page 2‑9 for more information.

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2. Remove the push pins holding

the trunk trim (B).

3. Move the trim aside far enough

to gain access to the bulb assembly (A).

4. Turn the bulb socket (B)

counterclockwise to remove it from the lamp assembly. 5. Pull the bulb (A) from the

socket (B). Install the new bulb.

6. 7. Reverse Steps 1 through 4 to

reinstall.

Vehicle Care

10-29

License Plate Lamp To replace the license plate lamp bulb:

1. Remove the license plate bezel

assembly by turning the two screws counterclockwise.

2. Turn and pull the license plate

lamp assembly forward through the fascia opening.

3. Turn the bulb socket

counterclockwise and pull the bulb straight out of the socket.

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Vehicle Care

4. Push the new bulb in and turn it

clockwise to install.

5. Reverse Steps 1 through 3 to

reinstall.

Replacement Bulbs

Exterior Lamp

Back-up Lamp License Plate Lamp Rear Turn Signal Lamp/Taillamp (LS and LT) Rear LED Turn Signal Lamp/ Taillamp (LTZ)

Bulb

Number

921
168

3157K LL

GM P/N 25874489

For replacement bulbs not listed here, contact the dealer.

Electrical System

Electrical System Overload The vehicle has fuses and circuit breakers to protect against an electrical system overload. When the current electrical load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes, protecting the circuit until the current load returns to normal or the problem is fixed. This greatly reduces the chance of circuit overload and fire caused by electrical problems. Fuses and circuit breakers protect power devices in the vehicle. Replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. If there is a problem on the road and a fuse needs to be replaced, the same amperage fuse can be borrowed. Choose some feature of the vehicle that is not needed to use and replace it as soon as possible.

Headlamp Wiring An electrical overload may cause the lamps to go on and off, or in some cases to remain off. Have the headlamp wiring checked right away if the lamps go on and off or remain off. Windshield Wipers If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop until the motor cools and will then restart. Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload due to heavy snow or ice may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow from the windshield before using the windshield wipers. If the overload is caused by an electrical problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get it fixed.

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Vehicle Care

10-31

Fuses The wiring circuits in the vehicle are protected from short circuits by fuses. This greatly reduces the chance of damage caused by electrical problems. To check a fuse, look at the silver-colored band inside the fuse. If the band is broken or melted, replace the fuse. Be sure to replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating.

Fuses of the same amperage can be temporarily borrowed from another fuse location, if a fuse goes out. Replace the fuse as soon as possible. To identify and check fuses, circuit breakers, and relays, see Engine Compartment Fuse Block on page 10‑31, Instrument Panel Fuse Block on page 10‑34, and Rear Compartment Fuse Block on page 10‑36.

Engine Compartment Fuse Block The engine compartment fuse block is located on the driver side of the engine compartment, near the battery. Notice: Spilling liquid on any electrical component on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component.

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Vehicle Care

Fuses

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17
18

Usage Left Headlamp Low-Beam Horn Right Headlamp Low-Beam Front Fog Lamps Left Headlamp High-Beam Right Headlamp High-Beam Engine Control Module BATT Windshield Wiper Antilock Brake System (IGN 1) Engine Control Module IGN 1
Cooling Fan 1
Cooling Fan 2

The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.

Fuses

Usage

Air Conditioner Clutch Electronic Throttle Control Not Used

Fuses

Usage

Transmission Control Module Ignition 1
Mass Airflow Sensor (LY7) Emission

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Fuses

Usage

Fuses

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

41

42

Run Relay, Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning Blower Body Control Module 1
Body Control Module Run/Crank Rear Electrical Center 1
Rear Electrical Center 2
Antilock Brake System Body Control Module 2
Starter Electric Power Steering Transmission Control Module Battery

43

44

45

46

47

50
51
52

54

55

56

Usage Ignition Module (LE9 & LE5); Injectors, Ignition Coils Odd (LY7) Injectors (LE9 & LE5); Injectors, Ignition Coils Even (LY7) Post Cat 02 Sensor Heaters (LY7) Daytime Running Lamps Center High-Mounted Stoplamp Driver Power Window Not Used AIR Solenoid Regulated Voltage Control DC/AC Inverter Antilock Brake System BATT

Vehicle Care

10-33

Relays

28

29

30
31
32
33

34

35
36
37
38
39
40

48

49
53

Usage Cooling Fan 1
Cooling Fan Series/ Parallel Cooling Fan 2
Starter Run/Crank, Ignition Powertrain Air Conditioning Clutch High Beam Front Fog Lamps Horn Low-Beam Headlamp Windshield Wiper 1
Windshield Wiper 2
Daytime Running Lamps Stoplamps AIR Solenoid

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Vehicle Care

Diodes

Usage

27

Wiper

Instrument Panel Fuse Block

The instrument panel fuse block is located on the instrument panel near the floor on the passenger side of the vehicle. Remove the panel cover to access the fuse block, then remove the fuse block cover to access the fuses.

The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays and features shown.

Fuses POWER MIRRORS

EPS

Usage

Power Mirrors

Electronic Power Steering

Fuses

RUN/ CRANK

Usage Cruise Control Switch, Passenger Airbag Status Indicator

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Fuses

Usage

Fuses

Usage

HVAC BLOWER HIGH

CLUSTER / THEFT

ONSTAR

NOT INSTALLED AIRBAG (IGN)

HVAC CTRL (BATT)

PEDAL

WIPER SW

IGN SENSOR

Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning Blower - High Speed Relay Instrument Panel Cluster, Theft Deterrent System OnStar® (If Equipped)

Not Used

Airbag (Ignition)

Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning Control Diagnostic Link Connector (Battery) Not Used Windshield Wiper/ Washer Switch

Ignition Switch

Steering Wheel Illumination

Not Used

STRG WHL ILLUM NOT INSTALLED RADIO INTERIOR LIGHTS NOT INSTALLED Not Used POWER WINDOWS

Audio System

Interior Lamps

Power Windows

HVAC CTRL (IGN)

HVAC BLOWER

Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning Control (Ignition) Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning Blower Switch

DOOR LOCK ROOF/ HEAT SEAT

Door Locks

Sunroof, Heated Seat

Vehicle Care

10-35

Fuses

NOT INSTALLED NOT INSTALLED AIRBAG (BATT) SPARE FUSE HOLDER SPARE FUSE HOLDER SPARE FUSE HOLDER SPARE FUSE HOLDER FUSE PULLER

Usage

Not Used

Not Used

Airbag (Battery)

Spare Fuse Holder

Spare Fuse Holder

Spare Fuse Holder

Spare Fuse Holder

Fuse Puller

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Vehicle Care

Rear Compartment Fuse Block

The rear compartment fuse block is located in the trunk of the vehicle. Access the fuse block through the trunk panel on the driver side of the rear cargo area.

The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.

Fuses

Usage

Passenger Seat Controls Driver Seat Controls Not Used

Fuses

Usage

Not Used Emission 2, Canister Vent Solenoid Park Lamps, Instrument Panel Dimming

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Fuses

Usage

Fuses

Usage

Relays

Usage

Vehicle Care

10-37

31
32
33
34
35
36
37

Not Used Not Used Back-up Lamps Not Used Not Used Trunk Release Fuel Pump

38 (Diode) Cargo Lamp

10
11
12
13
14
15

16

17
18

Not Used Not Used Not Used Sunroof Controls Not Used Not Used Audio Amplifier Heated Seat Controls Not Used Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System, XM™ Satellite Radio (If Equipped) Back-up Lamps Not Used

19

20

21
22
23
24
25

Relays

26

27
28
29
30

Not Used Auxiliary Power Outlets Not Used Trunk Release Rear Defog Heated Mirrors Fuel Pump

Usage Rear Window Defogger Park Lamps Not Used Not Used Not Used

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Vehicle Care

Wheels and Tires

Tires Every new GM vehicle has high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. See the warranty manual for information regarding the tire warranty and where to get service. For additional information refer to the tire manufacturer.

{ WARNING . Poorly maintained and

improperly used tires are dangerous.

. Overloading the tires can

cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. There could be a blowout and a serious crash. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10.

(Continued)

WARNING (Continued)

WARNING (Continued)

. Underinflated tires pose the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting crash could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when the tires are cold.

. Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by a sudden impact— such as when hitting a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure.

. Worn or old tires can cause a

crash. If the tread is badly worn, replace them.

(Continued)

. Replace any tires that have been damaged by impacts with potholes, curbs, etc.

. Improperly repaired tires can

cause a crash. Only the dealer or an authorized tire service center should repair, replace, dismount, and mount the tires.

. Do not spin the tires in

excess of 55 km/h (35 mph) on slippery surfaces such as snow, mud, ice, etc. Excessive spinning may cause the tires to explode.

See Tire Pressure for High-Speed Operation on page 10‑46 for inflation pressure adjustment for high-speed driving.

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Winter Tires Consider installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on snow or ice covered roads is expected. All season tires provide good overall performance on most surfaces, but they may not offer the traction or the same level of performance as winter tires on snow or ice covered roads. Winter tires, in general, are designed for increased traction on snow and ice covered roads. With winter tires, there may be decreased dry road traction, increased road noise, and shorter tread life. After changing to winter tires, be alert for changes in vehicle handling and braking. See your dealer for details regarding winter tire availability and proper tire selection. Also, see Buying New Tires on page 10‑53.

If using snow tires: . Use tires of the same brand and

tread type on all four wheel positions.

. Use only radial ply tires of the

same size, load range, and speed rating as the original equipment tires.

Winter tires with the same speed rating as the original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated tires. If winter tires with a lower speed rating are chosen, never exceed the tire's maximum speed capability.

Low-Profile Tires If the vehicle has P225/50R18
or P225/50R17 size tires, they are classified as low‐profile performance tires. These tires are designed for very responsive driving on wet or dry pavement, however, may produce more road noise and tend to wear faster.

Vehicle Care

10-39

Notice: Low‐profile tires are more susceptible to damage from road hazards or curb impact than standard profile tires. Tire and/or wheel assembly damage can occur when coming into contact with road hazards like, potholes, or sharp edged objects, or when sliding into a curb. The warranty does not cover this type of damage. Keep tires set to the correct inflation pressure and, when possible, avoid contact with curbs, potholes, and other road hazards.

Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into its sidewall. The examples show a typical passenger vehicle tire and a compact spare tire sidewall.

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Vehicle Care

(E) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (F) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information see Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10‑55. (G) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load.

criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. (D) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture.

Passenger (P‐Metric) Tire Example (A) Tire Size: The tire size is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance

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regular road tire has lost air and gone flat. If the vehicle has a compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire on page 10‑75 and If a Tire Goes Flat on page 10‑58. (C) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (D) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load.

Vehicle Care

10-41

(E) Tire Inflation: The temporary use tire or compact spare tire should be inflated to 420 kPa (60 psi). For more information on tire pressure and inflation see Tire Pressure on page 10‑45. (F) Tire Size: A combination of letters and numbers define a tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. The letter T as the first character in the tire size means the tire is for temporary use only. (G) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines.

Compact Spare Tire Example

(A) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (B) Temporary Use Only: The compact spare tire or temporary use tire has a tread life of approximately 5 000 km (3,000 mi) and should not be driven at speeds over 105 km/h (65 mph). The compact spare tire is for emergency use when a

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Vehicle Care

Tire Designations

Tire Size The following is an example of a typical passenger vehicle tire size.

(A) Passenger (P‐Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three‐digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall.

(C) Aspect Ratio: A two‐digit number that indicates the tire height‐to‐width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 60, as shown in item C of the illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 60 percent as high as it is wide. (D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted‐bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (F) Service Description: These characters represent the load index and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carrying capacity a tire

is certified to carry. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.

Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure: The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch). Accessory Weight: The combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio: The relationship of a tire's height to its width.

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Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords that is located between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials. Bead: The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Cold Tire Pressure: The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Tire Pressure on page 10‑45. Curb Weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the

maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings: A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10. GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10.

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GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10. Intended Outboard Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire, that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT‐Metric) Tire: A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index: An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inflation Pressure: The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall.

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Maximum Load Rating: The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight: The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight: The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs). See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10. Occupant Distribution: Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or

model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure: Vehicle manufacturer's recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Tire Pressure on page 10‑45 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10. Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim: A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated.

Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating: An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate. Traction: The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators: Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1.6 mm (1/16 in) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 10‑52. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards): A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a

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tire's traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10‑55. Vehicle Capacity Weight: The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs) plus the rated cargo load. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10. Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire: Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard: A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and

recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10.

Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively. Notice: Neither tire underinflation nor overinflation is good. Underinflated tires, or tires that do not have enough air, can result in:

. Tire overloading and

overheating which could lead to a blowout.

. Premature or

irregular wear. . Poor handling. . Reduced fuel economy.

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Overinflated tires, or tires that have too much air, can result in:

. Unusual wear. . Poor handling. . Rough ride. . Needless damage from

road hazards.

The Tire and Loading Information label on the vehicle indicates the original equipment tires and the correct cold tire inflation pressures. The recommended pressure is the minimum air pressure needed to support the vehicle's maximum load carrying capacity. For additional information regarding how much weight the vehicle can carry, and an example of the Tire and Loading

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Information label, see Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10. How the vehicle is loaded affects vehicle handling and ride comfort. Never load the vehicle with more weight than it was designed to carry.

When to Check Check the tires once a month or more. Do not forget the compact spare tire, if the vehicle has one. The cold compact spare should be at 420 kPa (60 psi). For additional information regarding the compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire on page 10‑75.

How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check tire pressure. Proper tire inflation cannot be determined by looking at the tire. Check the tire inflation pressure when the tires are cold, meaning

the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours or no more than 1.6 km (1 mi). Remove the valve cap from the tire valve stem. Press the tire gauge firmly onto the valve to get a pressure measurement. If the cold tire inflation pressure matches the recommended pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label, no further adjustment is necessary. If the inflation pressure is low, add air until the recommended pressure is reached. If the inflation pressure is high, press on the metal stem in the center of the tire valve to release air. Recheck the tire pressure with the tire gauge. Return the valve caps on the valve stems to prevent leaks and keep out dirt and moisture.

Tire Pressure for High-Speed Operation

{ WARNING

Driving at high speeds, 160 km/h (100 mph) or higher, puts an additional strain on tires. Sustained high-speed driving causes excessive heat buildup and can cause sudden tire failure. You could have a crash and you or others could be killed. Some high-speed rated tires require inflation pressure adjustment for high-speed operation. When speed limits and road conditions are such that a vehicle can be driven at high speeds, make sure the tires are rated for high-speed operation, in excellent condition, and set to the correct cold tire inflation pressure for the vehicle load.

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Set the cold tire inflation pressure to 241 kPa (35 psi) for the front and rear tires, when operating the vehicle at high-speeds. Return the tires to the recommended cold tire inflation pressure when high-speed driving has ended. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 and Tire Pressure on page 10‑45.

Tire Pressure Monitor System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses radio and sensor technology to check tire pressure levels. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in your tires and transmit tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle. Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size

indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pressure telltale when one or more of your tires is significantly under‐inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving on a significantly under‐inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under‐inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability. Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver's responsibility to maintain correct tire

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pressure, even if under‐inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not operating properly. The TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with the low tire pressure telltale. When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale will flash for approximately one minute and then remain continuously illuminated. This sequence will continue upon subsequent vehicle start‐ups as long as the malfunction exists. When the malfunction indicator is illuminated, the system may not be able to detect or signal low tire pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety of reasons, including the installation of replacement or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or more

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tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure that the replacement or alternate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function properly. See Tire Pressure Monitor Operation on page 10‑48 for additional information. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules and with Industry Canada Standards See Radio Frequency Statement on page 13‑20 for information regarding Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules and with Industry Canada Standards RSS-GEN/210/220/310.

Tire Pressure Monitor Operation This vehicle may have a Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS). The TPMS is designed to warn the driver when a low tire pressure condition exists. TPMS sensors are

mounted onto each tire and wheel assembly, excluding the spare tire and wheel assembly. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in the tires and transmits the tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle.

When a low tire pressure condition is detected, the TPMS turns on the low tire pressure warning light located on the instrument cluster. If the warning light comes on, stop as soon as possible and inflate the tires to the recommended pressure shown on the tire loading information label. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10. A message to check the pressure in a specific tire displays in the Driver Information Center (DIC). The low tire pressure warning light and the

DIC warning message come on at each ignition cycle until the tires are inflated to the correct inflation pressure. Using the DIC, tire pressure levels can be viewed. For additional information and details about the DIC operation and displays see Tire Messages on page 5‑28. The low tire pressure warning light may come on in cool weather when the vehicle is first started, and then turn off as the vehicle is driven. This could be an early indicator that the air pressure is getting low and needs to be inflated to the proper pressure. A Tire and Loading Information label shows the size of the original equipment tires and the correct inflation pressure for the tires when they are cold. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10, for an example of the Tire and Loading Information label and its location. Also see Tire Pressure on page 10‑45.

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The TPMS system can warn about a low tire pressure condition but it does not replace normal tire maintenance. See Tire Inspection on page 10‑51, Tire Rotation on page 10‑51 and Tires on page 10‑38. Notice: Tire sealant materials are not all the same. A non-approved tire sealant could damage the TPMS sensors. TPMS sensor damage caused by using an incorrect tire sealant is not covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use only the GM-approved tire sealant available through your dealer or included in the vehicle. Factory-installed Tire Inflator Kits use a GM approved liquid tire sealant. Using non-approved tire sealants could damage the TPMS sensors. See Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit on page 10‑60 for information regarding the inflator kit materials and instructions.

TPMS Malfunction Light and Message The TPMS will not function properly if one or more of the TPMS sensors are missing or inoperable. When the system detects a malfunction, the low tire pressure warning light flashes for about one minute and then stays on for the remainder of the ignition cycle. A DIC warning message also displays. The malfunction light and DIC warning message come on at each ignition cycle until the problem is corrected. Some of the conditions that can cause these to come on are: . One of the road tires has been

replaced with the spare tire. The spare tire does not have a TPMS sensor. The malfunction light and the DIC message should go off after the road tire is replaced and the sensor matching process is performed successfully. See "TPMS Sensor Matching Process" later in this section.

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The TPMS sensor matching process was not done or not completed successfully after rotating the tires. The