2016 Chevrolet Express Owners Manual

Fluid To check the power steering fluid: 1. Turn the key off and let the

engine compartment cool down.

2. Wipe the cap and the top of the

reservoir clean.

3. Unscrew the cap and wipe the

dipstick with a clean rag.

4. Replace the cap and completely tighten it.

5. Remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on the dipstick.

The level should be at the COLD FILL mark. If necessary, add only enough fluid to bring the level up to the mark. To prevent contamination of brake fluid, never check or fill the power steering reservoir with the brake master cylinder cover off. What to Use

Caution

Use of the incorrect fluid may damage the vehicle and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use the correct fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 303.

To determine what kind of fluid to use, see Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 303. Always use the proper fluid. Failure to use the proper fluid can cause leaks and damage hoses and seals.

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Washer Fluid

What to Use When the vehicle needs windshield washer fluid, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions before use. If operating the vehicle in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing. Adding Washer Fluid

Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 216 for reservoir location.

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231

Caution

Caution (Continued)

. Do not use washer fluid that

contains any type of water repellent coating. This can cause the wiper blades to chatter or skip.

. Do not use engine coolant

(antifreeze) in the windshield washer. It can damage the windshield washer system and paint.

. Do not mix water with

ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage the washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system.

. When using concentrated

washer fluid, follow the manufacturer instructions for adding water.

. Fill the washer fluid tank

only three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if

(Continued)

freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.

Brakes Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time when the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.

{ Warning

The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to a crash. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.

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Vehicle Care

Caution

Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair.

Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications. See Capacities and Specifications 0 307. Brake pads should be replaced as complete sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service may be required.

Replacing Brake System Parts Always replace brake system parts with new, approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes may not work properly. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed or parts are improperly installed.

Brake Fluid

The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 216 for the location of the reservoir. There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir may go down:

. Normal brake lining wear. When

new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up. . A fluid leak in the brake

hydraulic system. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed. With a leak, the brakes will not work well.

Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

{ Warning

If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged.

(Continued)

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Warning (Continued)

Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light 0 102. Brake fluid absorbs water over time. Replace brake fluid at the specified intervals to prevent increased stopping distance. See Maintenance Schedule 0 295. Checking Brake Fluid Check brake fluid by looking at the brake fluid reservoir. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 216.

The fluid level should be above MIN. If it is not, have the brake hydraulic system checked to see if there is a leak. After work is done on the brake hydraulic system, make sure the level is above MIN but not over the MAX mark.

What to Add Use only GM approved DOT 3
brake fluid from a clean, sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 303.

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233

{ Warning

The wrong or contaminated brake fluid could result in damage to the brake system. This could result in the loss of braking leading to a possible injury. Always use the proper brake fluid.

Caution

If brake fluid is spilled on the vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Immediately wash off any painted surface.

Battery - North America The original equipment battery is maintenance free. Do not remove the cap and do not add fluid. Refer to the replacement number shown on the original battery label when a new battery is needed. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 216 for battery location.

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Vehicle Care

{ Warning WARNING: Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. Batteries also contain other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer. WASH HANDS AFTER HANDLING. See California Proposition 65 Warning 0 213.

Vehicle Storage

{ Warning

Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting - North America 0 280 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.

Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.

Rear Axle

When to Check Lubricant Refer to the Maintenance Schedule 0 295 to determine how often to check the lubricant. How to Check Lubricant To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface.

The proper level for the 2500 and 3500 Series is from 0 to 6 mm (1/ 4 in) below the bottom of the fill plug hole. Add only enough fluid to reach the proper level. What to Use Refer to Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 303 to determine what kind of lubricant to use.

Noise Control System

Noise Emission Warranty General Motors warrants to the first person who purchases this vehicle for purposes other than resale and to each subsequent purchaser that

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this vehicle as manufactured by General Motors was designed, built and equipped to conform at the time it left General Motors control with all applicable U.S. EPA Noise Control Regulations. This warranty covers this vehicle as designed, built and equipped by General Motors and is not limited to any particular part, component or system of the manufactured by General Motors. Defects in design, assembly or any part, component or system of the vehicle manufactured by General Motors, which at the time it left General Motors control caused noise emissions to exceed Federal standards, are covered by the warranty for the life of the vehicle. The following information relates to compliance with federal noise emission standards for vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of more than 4 536 kg (10,000 lbs). The Maintenance Schedule provides information on maintaining the noise control system to minimize degradation of the noise emission control system during the

life of the vehicle. The noise control system warranty is given in the vehicle warranty booklet. These standards apply only to vehicles sold in the United States. Federal law prohibits the following acts or the causing thereof: 1. The removal or rendering inoperative by any person, other than for purposes of maintenance, repair or replacement, of any device or element of design incorporated into any new vehicle for the purpose of noise control, prior to its sale or delivery to the ultimate purchaser or while it is in use; or

2. The use of the vehicle after

such device or element of design has been removed or rendered inoperative by any person.

Among those acts presumed to constitute tampering are the acts listed below.

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235

Insulation: . Removal of the noise shields or

any underhood insulation.

Engine: . Removal or rendering engine speed governor, if the vehicle has one, inoperative so as to allow engine speed to exceed manufacturer specifications.

Fan and Drive: . Removal of fan clutch, if the vehicle has one, or rendering clutch inoperative.

. Removal of the fan shroud, if the

vehicle has one.

Air Intake: . Removal of the air cleaner

silencer.

. Modification of the air cleaner.

Exhaust: . Removal of the muffler and/or

resonator.

. Removal of the exhaust pipes

and exhaust pipe clamps.

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Vehicle Care

Fuel Operated Heater (FOH) — Diesel Engine: . Removal of the muffler.

Starter Switch Check

{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle.

2. Apply both the parking brake

and the regular brake. Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.

3. Try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral).

If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer for service.

Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check

{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle. It should be parked on a level surface.

2. Apply the parking brake. Be

ready to apply the regular brake immediately if the vehicle begins to move.

3. With the engine off, turn the

ignition on, but do not start the engine. Without applying the regular brake, try to move the

shift lever out of P (Park) with normal effort. If the shift lever moves out of P (Park), contact your dealer for service.

Ignition Transmission Lock Check While parked and with the parking brake set, try to turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF in each shift lever position. . The ignition should turn to

LOCK/OFF only when the shift lever is in P (Park).

. The ignition key should come

out only in LOCK/OFF.

Contact your dealer if service is required.

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Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check { Warning

When you are doing this check, the vehicle could begin to move. You or others could be injured and property could be damaged. Make sure there is room in front of the vehicle in case it begins to roll. Be ready to apply the regular brake at once should the vehicle begin to move.

Park on a fairly steep hill, with the vehicle facing downhill. Keeping your foot on the regular brake, set the parking brake. . To check the parking brake's

holding ability: With the engine running and the transmission in N (Neutral), slowly remove foot pressure from the regular brake pedal. Do this until the vehicle is held by the parking brake only.

. To check the P (Park)

mechanism's holding ability: With the engine running, shift to P (Park). Then release the parking brake followed by the regular brake.

Contact your dealer if service is required.

Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear and cracking. See Maintenance Schedule 0 295. Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways. For proper type and length, see Maintenance Replacement Parts 0 304.

Caution

Allowing the wiper arm to touch the windshield when no wiper blade is installed could damage the windshield. Any damage that occurs would not be covered by

(Continued)

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237

Caution (Continued)

the vehicle warranty. Do not allow the wiper arm to touch the windshield.

1. Lift the wiper arm away from

the windshield.

2. Push the release lever (2) to

disengage the hook and push the wiper arm (1) out of the blade assembly (3).

3. Push the new blade assembly securely on the wiper arm until the release lever clicks into place.

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Vehicle Care

Headlamp Aiming Headlamp aim has been preset and should need no further adjustment. If the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the headlamp aim may be affected. If adjustment to the headlamps is necessary, see your dealer.

Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs 0 242. For any bulb-changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer.

Headlamps

Composite Headlamp

Halogen Bulbs

{ Warning

Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.

1. High-Beam Headlamp 2. Low-Beam Headlamp

To remove the headlamp assembly from the vehicle and access the bulbs: 1. Open the hood. See Hood

0 214.

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2. Remove the two bolts from the

5. Disconnect the electrical

headlamp assembly.

connector.

3. Lift the headlamp assembly to release the lower tabs from the radiator support.

4. Turn the headlamp forward and

7.

upward to remove it from the grille.

6. Turn the bulb counterclockwise

one-quarter turn to remove it from the headlamp assembly. Install the new bulb into the headlamp assembly and connect the electrical connector.

8. Reverse the steps to reinstall

the headlamp assembly. To prevent headlamp vibration and shortened bulb life, be sure to insert the headlamp

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239

assembly tabs in the slots at the lower portion of the housing.

Sealed-Beam Headlamp

1. Headlamp Retainer Screws 2. Headlamp Retainer 3. Sealed-Beam

Headlamp Bulb

To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Remove the four screws (1)

from the headlamp retainer (2). Pull the retainer (2) out and set it aside.

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Vehicle Care

2. Pull the bulb (3) forward to gain

access to the electrical connector.

Front Turn Signal, Sidemarker, and Parking Lamps

3. Disconnect the electrical

connector (2) and remove the headlamp bulb (1).

4. Reverse Steps 1–3 to reinstall

the headlamp.

1. Front Parking and Turn

Signal Lamp

2. Front Sidemarker Lamp To replace the front turn signal, sidemarker, and/or parking lamp bulb(s):

1. Use a small tool to unlatch the

outboard clip on the lamp by pushing inboard and prying the lamp assembly forward.

2. Remove the lamp from the

grille.

3. Turn the bulb socket

counterclockwise one-quarter turn and remove it from the lamp assembly.

4. Remove the bulb from the

socket by pulling it straight out.

5. Replace the bulb. 6. Turn the bulb socket clockwise

to reinstall it in the lamp assembly.

7. Reinstall the lamp assembly

into the grille until the outboard clip snaps into place.

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Taillamps To replace a taillamp/turn signal lamp or back-up lamp bulb:

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241

1. Remove the two inboard nuts from the inside of the taillamp assembly.

2. The third nut (3) is under the applique piece (2) above the lamp. Remove the two inboard applique nuts. Pull the applique (2) straight rearward slightly to clear the studs. Then rotate the applique (2) just far enough to gain access to the outer push pins (1).

3. Carefully disconnect the push

pins (1) from the applique bracket.

4. Remove the third nut (3) from

the upper outboard side of the lamp.

5. Remove the taillamp assembly

from the vehicle.

6. Remove the taillamp/turn signal

lamp (1) or back-up lamp (2) bulb socket by turning it counterclockwise one-quarter turn and pulling it out of the lamp assembly.

7. Remove the bulb by pulling it

straight out.

8. Push the new bulb into the

socket.

9. Reinstall the bulb socket by turning it clockwise into the lamp assembly.

10. Reverse Steps 1–5 to reinstall

the taillamp assembly and applique.

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Vehicle Care

Center High-Mounted Stoplamp (CHMSL) The CHMSL is above the rear doors at the center of the vehicle. To replace a bulb:

4. Pull the old bulb straight out of

2. License Plate Bulb

the socket and push the new bulb into the socket.

Assembly

3. Screws

5. Turn the bulb socket clockwise

one-quarter turn to install it in the lamp assembly.

6. Reinstall the CHMSL assembly

and two screws.

Do not block or damage the CHMSL when items are loaded on the roof of the vehicle.

License Plate Lamp

To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Remove the screws (3) that secure the license plate bulb assembly (2).

2. Turn the bulb socket (1)

counterclockwise and pull the bulb straight out of the socket. Install the new bulb.

3. 4. Reverse Steps 1 and 2 to

reinstall the license plate bulb assembly.

Replacement Bulbs

Bulb

Number 3157KX

912LL

Exterior Lamp

Back-up, Rear Parking, Stoplamp, and Turn Signal Lamp Center High-Mounted Stoplamp (CHMSL)

1. Remove the two screws from

the CHMSL assembly.

2. Remove the CHMSL assembly. 3. Turn the bulb socket

counterclockwise one-quarter turn to remove it from the lamp assembly.

1. Bulb Socket

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Exterior Lamp

Front Parking and Turn Signal Lamp Front Sidemarker Lamp License Plate Lamp Headlamps

Composite High-Beam Headlamp Composite Low-Beam Headlamp Sealed Beam Headlamp

Bulb

Number 3157KX

194LL

194LL

9005LL

9006LL

H6054

For replacement bulbs not listed here, contact your dealer.

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243

Headlamp Wiring An electrical overload may cause the lamps to go on and off, or in some cases to remain off. Have the headlamp wiring checked right away if the lamps go on and off or remain off. Windshield Wipers If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop until the motor cools and will then restart. Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload due to heavy snow or ice may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow from the windshield before using the windshield wipers. If the overload is caused by an electrical problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get it fixed.

Electrical System

Electrical System Overload The vehicle has fuses and circuit breakers to protect against an electrical system overload. When the current electrical load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes, protecting the circuit until the current load returns to normal or the problem is fixed. This greatly reduces the chance of circuit overload and fire caused by electrical problems. Fuses and circuit breakers protect power devices in the vehicle. Replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. If there is a problem on the road and a fuse needs to be replaced, the same amperage fuse can be borrowed. Choose some feature of the vehicle that is not needed to use and replace it as soon as possible.

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Caution

Spilling liquid on any electrical component on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component.

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Vehicle Care

Fuses and Circuit Breakers The wiring circuits in the vehicle are protected from short circuits by a combination of fuses and circuit breakers. This greatly reduces the chance of fires caused by electrical problems. Look at the silver-colored band inside the fuse. If the band is broken or melted, replace the fuse. Be sure you replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating.

Engine Compartment Fuse Block The fuse block is located in the engine compartment on the driver side of the vehicle.

Vehicles with upfitter content See www.gmupfitter.com for upfitter provisions and best practices.

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Mini Fuse

Usage

10
11
12

13
14
16
17
18

Spare Spare Fuel System Control Module Ignition Body Control Module 5
Body Control Module 7
Body Control Module 4
Instrument Cluster Trailer Wiring Inside Rear Vision Camera Module Spare Windshield Washer Horn Transmission Air Conditioning Compressor

The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.

Mini Fuse

Usage

Right Stop/Turn Trailer

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Vehicle Care

Mini Fuse

Usage

Mini Fuse

19

20
21

22
23
24
25

26

27

28
29

30

31

Engine Control Module Battery Spare Left Stop/Turn Trailer Spare Spare Fuel Pump Auxiliary Power Outlet Body Control Module 3
Special Equipment Option Airbag Steering Wheel Sensor Engine Control Module Ignition/ Glow Plug Module Transmission Control Module Ignition

32

33

34
35

36

51

52

53

54

55
56

Usage Transmission Control Module Battery Rear Parking Aid Module Spare Fuel Operated Heater Module Fuel System Control Module Battery Left High-Beam Headlamp Right High-Beam Headlamp Left Low-Beam Headlamp Right Low-Beam Headlamp Wiper Canister Vent Solenoid

Mini Fuse

58

59

61
62

63
64

65

66

67

68

69

Usage Body Control Module 2
Body Control Module 1
Spare Oxygen Sensor 2
(Post), EV Fan (Diesel) Spare Mass Air Flow/ Canister Vent Odd Ignition/ Injectors Daytime Running Lamps 2
(LOLVL-V22) (If Equipped) Daytime Running Lamps 1 (UPLVL +V22) (If Equipped) Auxiliary Stop Lamps Trailer Stop Lamps

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Floor Console Fuse Block The floor console fuse block is under the driver seat.

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Mini Fuse

Usage

J-Case Fuse

Usage

70
71

72

73

75
76
77

78

79

Spare Fuel Heater/Flex Fuel Sensor Body Control Module 6
Lighter/Data Link Connection V6 Fuel Injectors Spare Oxygen Sensor 2 (Pre) Engine Control Module Powertrain Even Ignition/ Injectors

J-Case Fuse

Usage

41
42
43

ABS Motor ABS Module Spare Trailer Wiring Fan High

44
45

46
47
74

Starter Solenoid Engine Control Module/Powertrain Spare Fan Lo Front Blower

Relay

Usage

15
37
38
39
40

48
49
50
57
60

Run/Crank Spare Fuel Pump Crank Air Conditioning Compressor Fan High Powertrain Spare Fan Low Fan Control

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Vehicle Care

The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.

Mini-Fuse

Usage

F1

Empty

Mini-Fuse

Usage

F2

F3

F4
F5
F6

F7

F8

F9

F10

F11

F12
F13

Steering Wheel Sensor Auxiliary Parking Lamps (Cut-Away) Front Park Lamps Trailer Park Lamps Upfitter Park Lamps Right Rear Park Lamp Left Rear Park Lamp Outside Rearview Mirror Switch Airbag/Automatic Occupant Sensing OnStar® (If Equipped) Empty Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning 2

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Mini-Fuse

Usage

Mini-Fuse

Usage

J-Case Fuse

Usage

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249

F14

F15
F17

F18

F19
F20

F21

F22

F23
F25

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning 1
Empty Outside Rearview Mirror Heater Rear Window Defogger Compass Radio/Chime/ SiriusXM Satellite Radio (If Equipped) Remote Function Actuator/Tire Pressure Monitor Ignition Switch/ Discrete Logic Ignition Sensor (PK3) Instrument Cluster Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Control

F26

F27
F30

F31
F32
F33
F34

F35

F36
F37
F38

Auxiliary/Trailer Backup Taillamps Backup Upfitter Courtesy Lamps Front Door Lock Rear Door Lock Cargo Door Unlock Passenger Door Unlock Rear Passenger Door Unlock Driver Door Unlock Empty Empty

J-Case Fuse

Usage

F16

F24

Upfitter Auxiliary 1
Gas Ambulance Empty

F28

F29

Upfitter Auxiliary 2
Reading Lamps Gas Ambulance Rear Blower

Relays

Usage

K1

K2

K3

K4

K5

K6

Run (High Current Micro) Empty (High Current Micro) Park Lamps (High Current Micro) Upfitter Auxiliary 2
(High Current Mini) Rear Defogger (High Current Micro) Retained Accessory Power (RAP) (High Current Micro)

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Vehicle Care

Circuit Breaker

CB1
CB2

Usage

Wheels and Tires

Power Seats Power Windows

Tires Every new GM vehicle has high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. See the warranty manual for information regarding the tire warranty and where to get service. For additional information refer to the tire manufacturer.

{ Warning

. Poorly maintained and

improperly used tires are dangerous.

. Overloading the tires can

cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. There could be a blowout and a serious crash. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 170.

(Continued)

Warning (Continued)

. Underinflated tires pose

the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting crash could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when the tires are cold.

. Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by a sudden impact — such as when hitting a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure.

. Worn or old tires can cause a crash. If the tread is badly worn, replace them.

(Continued)

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Warning (Continued)

. Replace any tires that

have been damaged by impacts with potholes, curbs, etc. Improperly repaired tires can cause a crash. Only the dealer or an authorized tire service center should repair, replace, dismount, and mount the tires.

. Do not spin the tires in

excess of 56 km/h (35 mph) on slippery surfaces such as snow, mud, ice, etc. Excessive spinning may cause the tires to explode.

All-Season Tires This vehicle may come with all-season tires. These tires are designed to provide good overall performance on most road surfaces

and weather conditions. Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. Original equipment all-season tires can be identified by the last two characters of this TPC code, which will be “MS.” Consider installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on snow or ice-covered roads is expected. All-season tires provide adequate performance for most winter driving conditions, but they may not offer the same level of traction or performance as winter tires on snow or ice-covered roads. See Winter Tires 0 251.

Winter Tires This vehicle was not originally equipped with winter tires. Winter tires are designed for increased traction on snow and ice-covered roads. Consider installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on ice or snow covered roads is expected. See your dealer

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251

for details regarding winter tire availability and proper tire selection. Also, see Buying New Tires 0 266. With winter tires, there may be decreased dry road traction, increased road noise, and shorter tread life. After changing to winter tires, be alert for changes in vehicle handling and braking. If using winter tires: . Use tires of the same brand and

tread type on all four wheel positions.

. Use only radial ply tires of the

same size, load range, and speed rating as the original equipment tires.

Winter tires with the same speed rating as the original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated tires. If winter tires with a lower speed rating are chosen, never exceed the tire's maximum speed capability.

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All-Terrain Tires This vehicle may have All-Terrain Tires. These tires provide good performance on most road surfaces, weather conditions, and for off-road driving. The tread pattern on these tires may wear more quickly than other tires. Consider rotating the tires more frequently than at 12 000 km (7,500 mi) intervals if irregular wear is noted when the tires are inspected. See Tire Inspection 0 263.

Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into the sidewall. The examples show a typical passenger vehicle and light truck tire sidewall.

GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (3) DOT (Department of Transportation) : The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. DOT Tire Date of Manufacture : The last four digits of the TIN indicate the tire manufactured date. The first two digits represent the week (01-52) and the last two digits, the year. For example, the third week of the year 2010 would have a four-digit DOT date of 0310. (4) Tire Identification Number (TIN) : The letters and numbers following the DOT code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code,

Passenger (P-Metric) Tire

(1) Tire Size : The tire size code is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (2) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification) : Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall.

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tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (5) Tire Ply Material : The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (6) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG) : Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information, see Uniform Tire Quality Grading 0 268. (7) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit : Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load. For information on recommended tire pressure see Tire Pressure 0 258 and Vehicle Load Limits 0 170.

Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire

(1) Tire Size : The tire size code is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (2) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification) : Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall.

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GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. This does not apply to Goodyear LT225/75R16 G949
RSA and Goodyear LT225/ 75R16 G933 RSD commercial truck tires. (3) Dual Tire Maximum Load : Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load when used in a dual configuration. For information on recommended tire pressure see Tire Pressure 0 258 and Vehicle Load Limits 0 170. (4) DOT (Department of Transportation) : The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. DOT Tire Date of Manufacture : The last four digits of the TIN indicate the tire

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manufactured date. The first two digits represent the week (01-52) and the last two digits, the year. For example, the third week of the year 2010 would have a four-digit DOT date of 0310. (5) Tire Identification Number (TIN) : The letters and numbers following the DOT code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (6) Tire Ply Material : The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (7) Single Tire Maximum Load : Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load when used as a single. For information on recommended

tire pressure see Tire Pressure 0 258 and Vehicle Load Limits 0 170.

Tire Designations

Tire Size The following examples show the different parts of a tire size.

Passenger (P-Metric) Tire

(1) Passenger (P-Metric) Tire : The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association.

(2) Tire Width : The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (3) Aspect Ratio : A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 75, as shown in item 3 of the illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 75 percent as high as it is wide. (4) Construction Code : A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction. (5) Rim Diameter : Diameter of the wheel in inches. (6) Service Description : These characters represent the load index and speed rating of the

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tire. The load index represents the load carrying capacity a tire is certified to carry. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.

Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire

(1) Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire : The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letters LT as the first two characters in the tire size mean a light truck tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (2) Tire Width : The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (3) Aspect Ratio : A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements.

For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 75, as shown in item 3 of the light truck (LT-Metric) tire illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 75 percent as high as it is wide. (4) Construction Code : A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction. (5) Rim Diameter : Diameter of the wheel in inches. (6) Load Range : Load Range. (7) Service Description : The service description indicates the load index and speed rating of a tire. If two numbers are given as in the example, 120/116, then this represents the load index for single versus dual wheel usage

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(single/dual). The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load. This does not apply to Goodyear LT225/75R16 G949 RSA and Goodyear LT225/75R16 G933
RSD commercial truck tires; see the dual tire and single tire maximum load and load range letter designations on the tire sidewall.

Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure : The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch). Accessory Weight : The combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are automatic transmission, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning.

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Aspect Ratio : The relationship of a tire's height to its width. Belt : A rubber coated layer of cords between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials. Bead : The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire : A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Cold Tire Pressure : The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Tire Pressure 0 258. Curb Weight : The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the

maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings : A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR : Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 170. GAWR FRT : Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 170. GAWR RR : Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 170.

Intended Outboard Sidewall : The side of an asymmetrical tire that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa) : The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire : A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index : An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inflation Pressure : The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall. Maximum Load Rating : The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire.

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Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight : The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight : The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 68 kg (150 lb). See Vehicle Load Limits 0 170. Occupant Distribution : Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall : The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire.

Passenger (P-Metric) Tire : A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure : Vehicle manufacturer's recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Tire Pressure 0 258 and Vehicle Load Limits 0 170. Radial Ply Tire : A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim : A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated. Sidewall : The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating : An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate.

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Traction : The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread : The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators : Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1.6 mm (1/ 16 in) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires 0 265. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards) : A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a tire's traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading 0 268.

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Vehicle Capacity Weight : The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 68 kg (150 lb) plus the rated cargo load. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 170. Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire : Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard : A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Vehicle Load Limits 0 170.

Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively.

Caution

Neither tire underinflation nor overinflation is good. Underinflated tires, or tires that do not have enough air, can result in:

. Tire overloading and

overheating which could lead to a blowout.

. Premature or irregular wear. . Poor handling. . Reduced fuel economy. Overinflated tires, or tires that have too much air, can result in:

. Unusual wear. . Poor handling. . Rough ride. . Needless damage from

road hazards.

The Tire and Loading Information label on the vehicle indicates the original equipment tires and the correct cold tire inflation pressures. The recommended pressure is the minimum air pressure needed to support the vehicle's maximum load carrying capacity. For additional information regarding how much weight the vehicle can carry, and an example of the Tire and Loading Information label, see Vehicle Load Limits 0 170. How the vehicle is loaded affects vehicle handling and ride comfort. Never load the vehicle with more weight than it was designed to carry.

When to Check Check the tires once a month or more.

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Do not forget the spare tire, if the vehicle has one. See Full-Size Spare Tire 0 279 for additional information.

How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check tire pressure. Proper tire inflation cannot be determined by looking at the tire. Check the tire inflation pressure when the tires are cold, meaning the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours or no more than 1.6 km (1 mi). Remove the valve cap from the tire valve stem. Press the tire gauge firmly onto the valve to get a pressure measurement. If the cold tire inflation pressure matches the recommended pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label, no further adjustment is necessary. If the inflation pressure is low, add air until the recommended pressure is reached. If the

inflation pressure is high, press on the metal stem in the center of the tire valve to release air. Re-check the tire pressure with the tire gauge. Put the valve caps back on the valve stems to keep out dirt and moisture and prevent leaks. Use only valve caps designed for the vehicle by GM. TPMS sensors could be damaged and would not be covered by the vehicle warranty.

Tire Pressure Monitor System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses radio and sensor technology to check tire pressure levels. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in your tires and transmit tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle. Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recommended

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by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pressure telltale when one or more of your tires is significantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability.

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